Muscle Tests

Copyright Feb 2003

 

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1       ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 4

2       ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 5

3       ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 6

4       ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI 7

5       ADDUCTOR BREVIS. 8

6       ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 9

7       ADDUCTOR LONGUS. 10

8       ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. 11

9       ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 12

10         ANCONEUS. 13

11         ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS GENERAL. 14

12         BICEPS BRACHII 15

13         BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring) 15

14         BRACHIALIS. 16

15         ABDOMINAL MUSCLES GENERAL. 17

16         ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LOWER. 18

17         ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE GENERAL. 19

18         ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 20

19         ANCONEUS. 21

20         BACK MUSCLES GENERAL. 22

21         BICEPS BRACHII 23

22         BICEPS BRACHII & BRACHIALIS. 24

23         BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring) 25

24         BRACHIALIS. 26

25         BRACHIORADIALIS. 27

26         CORACOBRACHIALIS. 28

27         DELTOID ANTERIOR. 29

28         DELTOID ANTERIOR & DELTOID POSTERIOR (SITTING) 30

29         DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) & DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE) 31

30         DELTOID MIDDLE. 31

31         DELTOID POSTERIOR. 32

32         DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 33

33         DORSAL INTEROSSEI (HAND) 34

34         EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS & BREVIS. 35

35         EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS. 36

36         EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & BREVIS. 37

37         EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS & BREVIS. 40

38         EXTENSOR INDICIS, EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI & EXTENSOR DIGITORUM. 44

39         EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 45

40         EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 46

41         EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV. 47

42         EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV. 48

43         FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (HAND) 49

44         FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND) 50

45         FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (HAND) 51

46         FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS. 52

47         FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & QUADRATUS PLANTAE. 53

48         FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS. 54

49         FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS. 55

50         FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS. 56

51         FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS. 57

52         FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 60

53         FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 61

54         GASTROCNEMIUS. 62

55         GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS & ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS. 66

56         GLUTEUS MAXIMUS. 71

57         GLUTEUS MEDIUS. 71

58         GLUTEUS MINIMUS ANT & POST. 72

59         GRACILIS. 73

60         GRACILIS & HAMSTRINGS. 74

61         HIP FLEXORS. 75

62         HIP ADDUCTORS. 76

63         ILIACUS. 77

64         ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS. 78

65         ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM. 79

66         ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS. 80

67         ILIOPSOAS & PSOAS MINOR. 81

68         INFRASPINATUS. 82

69         INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV. 83

70         INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV. 84

71         LATERAL TRUNK FLEXORS AND HIP ABDUCTORS GENERAL. 85

72         LATERAL ROTATORS HIP. 86

73         LATISSIMUS DORSI 87

74         LEVATOR SCAPULAE. 87

75         LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS. 88

76         LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS. 89

77         LONGISSIMUS THORACIS. 90

78         LONGUS CAPITIS. 91

79         LONGUS COLLI 92

80         LUMBRICALS (FOOT) & INTEROSSEI 93

81         LUMBRICALS (HAND) & INTEROSSEI 94

82         MEDIAL ROTATORS HIP. 95

83         OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI 96

84         OPPONENS POLLICIS. 97

85         PALMAR INTEROSSEI (HAND) 98

86         PALMARIS LONGUS & BREVIS (HAND) 99

87         PECTINEUS. 100

88         PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICULAR. 101

89         PECTORALIS MAJOR STERNAL. 102

90         PECTORALIS MINOR. 103

91         PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS. 103

92         PERONEUS TERTIUS. 104

93         PIRIFORMIS. 105

94         PLANTAR INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 106

95         POPLITEUS. 107

96         PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 108

97         PRONATOR TERES. 109

98         PRONATOR TERES & PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 110

99         PSOAS. 111

100        PYRAMIDALIS. 112

101        QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GENERAL. 113

102        QUADRATUS LUMBORUM. 114

103        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS. 115

104        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FIRST DIVISION) 116

105        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (SECOND DIVISION) 117

106        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (THIRD DIVISION) 118

107        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION LATERAL) 119

108        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION MEDIAL) 119

109        RECTUS FEMORIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 120

110        RHOMBOID, LEVATOR SCAPULAE, & TRAPEZIUS. 121

111        RHOMBOID MAJOR. 122

112        RHOMBOID MINOR. 123

113        SARTORIUS. 124

114        SCALENUS ANTERIOR. 125

115        SCALENUS MEDIUS. 126

116        SCALENUS POSTERIOR. 127

117        SEMIMEMBRANOSUS. 128

118        SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS. 129

119        SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS. 130

120        SEMISPINALIS THORACIS. 131

121        SEMITENDINOSUS. 132

122        SERRATUS ANTERIOR. 133

123        SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR. 134

124        SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR. 134

125        SHOULDER MEDIAL ROTATORS. 135

126        SHOULDER LATERAL ROTATORS. 136

127        SOLEUS. 137

128        SPINALIS CAPITIS. 138

129        SPINALIS CERVICIS. 139

130        SPINALIS THORACIS. 140

131        SPLENIUS CAPITIS. 141

132        SPLENIUS CERVICIS. 142

133        STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID. 143

134        SUBCLAVIUS. 144

135        SUBSCAPULARIS. 145

136        SUPINATOR. 146

137        SUPINATOR & BICEPS. 147

138        SUPRASPINATUS. 148

139        SUPRASPINATUS & MIDDLE DELTOID. 149

140        TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE. 150

141        TERES MAJOR. 150

142        TERES MINOR. 151

143        TIBIALIS ANTERIOR. 152

144        TIBIALIS POSTERIOR. 153

145        TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS. 154

146        TRAPEZIUS LOWER. 155

147        TRAPEZIUS MIDDLE. 156

148        TRAPEZIUS UPPER. 157

149        TRICEPS BRACHII 158

150        TRICEPS BRACHII & ANCONEUS. 159

151        VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 160

152        VASTUS LATERALIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 161

153        VASTUS MEDIALIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 162

154. 163

155. 164

 

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1      ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

1.1   Testing Position

1.1.1    

1.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

1.2.1    

1.3   Stabilization

1.3.1    

1.4   Test

1.4.1    

1.5   Pressure

1.5.1    

1.6   Weakness

1.6.1    

1.7   Shortness

1.7.1    

1.8   Body Language of Weakness

1.8.1   Testing Position

1.8.1.1      

1.8.2   During Test

1.8.2.1      

1.8.3   Movement aberrations

1.8.3.1      

1.8.4   Postural Imbalance

1.8.4.1      

1.9   Alternate Testing Method

1.9.1    

1.10 Graphic Illustration

1.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

1.11 Video Demonstration

1.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

1.12 Organ Reflexes

1.12.1            None

1.12.2            Illustrations

1.13 Meridian Association

1.13.1             

1.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

1.14.1             

1.15 Nutritional

1.15.1             

1.16 General Discussion

1.16.1             

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2      ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

2.1   Testing Position

2.1.1    

2.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

2.2.1    

2.3   Stabilization

2.3.1    

2.4   Test

2.4.1    

2.5   Pressure

2.5.1    

2.6   Weakness

2.6.1    

2.7   Shortness

2.7.1    

2.8   Body Language of Weakness

2.8.1   Testing Position

2.8.1.1      

2.8.2   During Test

2.8.2.1      

2.8.3   Movement aberrations

2.8.3.1      

2.8.4   Postural Imbalance

2.8.4.1      

2.9   Alternate Testing Method

2.9.1    

2.10 Graphic Illustration

2.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

2.11 Video Demonstration

2.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

2.12 Organ Reflexes

2.12.1            None

2.12.2            Illustrations

2.13 Meridian Association

2.13.1             

2.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

2.14.1             

2.15 Nutritional

2.15.1             

2.16 General Discussion

2.16.1             

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3      ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

3.1   Testing Position

3.1.1    

3.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

3.2.1    

3.3   Stabilization

3.3.1    

3.4   Test

3.4.1    

3.5   Pressure

3.5.1    

3.6   Weakness

3.6.1    

3.7   Shortness

3.7.1    

3.8   Body Language of Weakness

3.8.1   Testing Position

3.8.1.1      

3.8.2   During Test

3.8.2.1      

3.8.3   Movement aberrations

3.8.3.1      

3.8.4   Postural Imbalance

3.8.4.1      

3.9   Alternate Testing Method

3.9.1    

3.10 Graphic Illustration

3.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

3.11 Video Demonstration

3.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

3.12 Organ Reflexes

3.12.1            None

3.12.2            Illustrations

3.13 Meridian Association

3.13.1             

3.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

3.14.1             

3.15 Nutritional

3.15.1             

3.16 General Discussion

3.16.1             

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4      ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI

Back Table of Contents References

 

4.1   Testing Position

4.1.1    

4.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

4.2.1    

4.3   Stabilization

4.3.1    

4.4   Test

4.4.1    

4.5   Pressure

4.5.1    

4.6   Weakness

4.6.1    

4.7   Shortness

4.7.1    

4.8   Body Language of Weakness

4.8.1   Testing Position

4.8.1.1      

4.8.2   During Test

4.8.2.1      

4.8.3   Movement aberrations

4.8.3.1      

4.8.4   Postural Imbalance

4.8.4.1      

4.9   Alternate Testing Method

4.9.1    

4.10 Graphic Illustration

4.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

4.11 Video Demonstration

4.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)

4.12 Organ Reflexes

4.12.1            None

4.12.2            Illustrations

4.13 Meridian Association

4.13.1             

4.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

4.14.1             

4.15 Nutritional

4.15.1             

4.16 General Discussion

4.16.1             

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5      ADDUCTOR BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

5.1   Testing Position

5.1.1    

5.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

5.2.1    

5.3   Stabilization

5.3.1    

5.4   Test

5.4.1    

5.5   Pressure

5.5.1    

5.6   Weakness

5.6.1    

5.7   Shortness

5.7.1    

5.8   Body Language of Weakness

5.8.1   Testing Position

5.8.1.1      

5.8.2   During Test

5.8.2.1      

5.8.3   Movement aberrations

5.8.3.1      

5.8.4   Postural Imbalance

5.8.4.1      

5.9   Alternate Testing Method

5.9.1    

5.10 Graphic Illustration

5.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)

5.11 Video Demonstration

5.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)

5.12 Organ Reflexes

5.12.1            None

5.12.2            Illustrations

5.13 Meridian Association

5.13.1             

5.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

5.14.1             

5.15 Nutritional

5.15.1             

5.16 General Discussion

5.16.1             

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6      ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

6.1   Testing Position

6.1.1    

6.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

6.2.1    

6.3   Stabilization

6.3.1    

6.4   Test

6.4.1    

6.5   Pressure

6.5.1    

6.6   Weakness

6.6.1    

6.7   Shortness

6.7.1    

6.8   Body Language of Weakness

6.8.1   Testing Position

6.8.1.1      

6.8.2   During Test

6.8.2.1      

6.8.3   Movement aberrations

6.8.3.1      

6.8.4   Postural Imbalance

6.8.4.1      

6.9   Alternate Testing Method

6.9.1    

6.10 Graphic Illustration

6.10.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)

6.11 Video Demonstration

6.11.1            ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)

6.12 Organ Reflexes

6.12.1            None

6.12.2            Illustrations

6.13 Meridian Association

6.13.1             

6.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

6.14.1             

6.15 Nutritional

6.15.1             

6.16 General Discussion

6.16.1             

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7      ADDUCTOR LONGUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

7.1   Testing Position

7.1.1    

7.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

7.2.1    

7.3   Stabilization

7.3.1    

7.4   Test

7.4.1    

7.5   Pressure

7.5.1    

7.6   Weakness

7.6.1    

7.7   Shortness

7.7.1    

7.8   Body Language of Weakness

7.8.1   Testing Position

7.8.1.1      

7.8.2   During Test

7.8.2.1      

7.8.3   Movement aberrations

7.8.3.1      

7.8.4   Postural Imbalance

7.8.4.1      

7.9   Alternate Testing Method

7.9.1    

7.10 Graphic Illustration

7.10.1            ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

7.11 Video Demonstration

7.11.1            ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS

7.12 Organ Reflexes

7.12.1            None

7.12.2            Illustrations

7.13 Meridian Association

7.13.1             

7.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

7.14.1             

7.15 Nutritional

7.15.1             

7.16 General Discussion

7.16.1             

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8      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

8.1   Testing Position

8.1.1    

8.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

8.2.1    

8.3   Stabilization

8.3.1    

8.4   Test

8.4.1    

8.5   Pressure

8.5.1    

8.6   Weakness

8.6.1    

8.7   Shortness

8.7.1    

8.8   Body Language of Weakness

8.8.1   Testing Position

8.8.1.1      

8.8.2   During Test

8.8.2.1      

8.8.3   Movement aberrations

8.8.3.1      

8.8.4   Postural Imbalance

8.8.4.1      

8.9   Alternate Testing Method

8.9.1    

8.10 Graphic Illustration

8.10.1            ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS

8.11 Video Demonstration

8.11.1            ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS

8.12 Organ Reflexes

8.12.1            None

8.12.2            Illustrations

8.13 Meridian Association

8.13.1             

8.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

8.14.1             

8.15 Nutritional

8.15.1             

8.16 General Discussion

8.16.1             

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9      ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

9.1   Testing Position

9.1.1    

9.2   Patient Fixation Requirements

9.2.1    

9.3   Stabilization

9.3.1    

9.4   Test

9.4.1    

9.5   Pressure

9.5.1    

9.6   Weakness

9.6.1    

9.7   Shortness

9.7.1    

9.8   Body Language of Weakness

9.8.1   Testing Position

9.8.1.1      

9.8.2   During Test

9.8.2.1      

9.8.3   Movement aberrations

9.8.3.1      

9.8.4   Postural Imbalance

9.8.4.1      

9.9   Alternate Testing Method

9.9.1    

9.10 Graphic Illustration

9.10.1            ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

9.11 Video Demonstration

9.11.1            ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

9.12 Organ Reflexes

9.12.1            None

9.12.2            Illustrations

9.13 Meridian Association

9.13.1             

9.14 Reactive Muscle Correlation

9.14.1             

9.15 Nutritional

9.15.1             

9.16 General Discussion

9.16.1             

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10      ANCONEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

10.1 Testing Position

10.1.1             

10.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

10.2.1             

10.3 Stabilization

10.3.1             

10.4 Test

10.4.1             

10.5 Pressure

10.5.1             

10.6 Weakness

10.6.1             

10.7 Shortness

10.7.1             

10.8 Body Language of Weakness

10.8.1            Testing Position

10.8.1.1      

10.8.2            During Test

10.8.2.1      

10.8.3            Movement aberrations

10.8.3.1      

10.8.4            Postural Imbalance

10.8.4.1      

10.9 Alternate Testing Method

10.9.1             

10.10                   Graphic Illustration

10.10.1      ADDUCTOR BREVIS

10.11                   Video Demonstration

10.11.1      ADDUCTOR BREVIS

10.12                   Organ Reflexes

10.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

10.12.2      Illustrations

10.13                   Meridian Association

10.13.1       

10.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

10.14.1       

10.15                   Nutritional

10.15.1       

10.16                   General Discussion

10.16.1       

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11      ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

11.1 Testing Position

11.1.1             

11.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

11.2.1             

11.3 Stabilization

11.3.1             

11.4 Test

11.4.1             

11.5 Pressure

11.5.1             

11.6 Weakness

11.6.1             

11.7 Shortness

11.7.1             

11.8 Body Language of Weakness

11.8.1            Testing Position

11.8.1.1      

11.8.2            During Test

11.8.2.1      

11.8.3            Movement aberrations

11.8.3.1      

11.8.4            Postural Imbalance

11.8.4.1      

11.9 Alternate Testing Method

11.9.1             

11.10                   Graphic Illustration

11.10.1      ADDUCTOR BREVIS

11.11                   Video Demonstration

11.11.1      ADDUCTOR BREVIS

11.12                   Organ Reflexes

11.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

11.12.2      Illustrations

11.13                   Meridian Association

11.13.1       

11.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

11.14.1       

11.15                   Nutritional

11.15.1       

11.16                   General Discussion

11.16.1       

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12      BICEPS BRACHII

Back Table of Contents References

 

12.1 Testing Position

12.1.1             

12.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

12.2.1             

12.3 Stabilization

12.3.1             

12.4 Test

12.4.1             

12.5 Pressure

12.5.1             

12.6 Weakness

12.6.1             

12.7 Shortness

12.7.1             

12.8 Body Language of Weakness

12.8.1            Testing Position

12.8.1.1      

12.8.2            During Test

12.8.2.1      

12.8.3            Movement aberrations

12.8.3.1      

12.8.4            Postural Imbalance

12.8.4.1      

12.9 Alternate Testing Method

12.9.1             

12.10                   Graphic Illustration

12.10.1      ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

12.11                   Video Demonstration

12.11.1      ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS

12.12                   Organ Reflexes

12.12.1      None

12.12.2      Illustrations

12.13                   Meridian Association

12.13.1       

12.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

12.14.1       

12.15                   Nutritional

12.15.1       

12.16                   General Discussion

12.16.1       

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13      BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)

Back Table of Contents References

 

13.1 Testing Position

13.1.1             

13.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

13.2.1             

13.3 Stabilization

13.3.1             

13.4 Test

13.4.1             

13.5 Pressure

13.5.1             

13.6 Weakness

13.6.1             

13.7 Shortness

13.7.1             

13.8 Body Language of Weakness

13.8.1            Testing Position

13.8.1.1      

13.8.2            During Test

13.8.2.1      

13.8.3            Movement aberrations

13.8.3.1      

13.8.4            Postural Imbalance

13.8.4.1      

13.9 Alternate Testing Method

13.9.1             

13.10                   Graphic Illustration

13.10.1      ADDUCTOR LONGUS

13.11                   Video Demonstration

13.11.1      ADDUCTOR LONGUS

13.12                   Organ Reflexes

13.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

13.12.2      Illustrations

13.13                   Meridian Association

13.13.1       

13.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

13.14.1       

13.15                   Nutritional

13.15.1       

13.16                   General Discussion

13.16.1       

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14      BRACHIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

14.1 Testing Position

14.1.1             

14.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

14.2.1             

14.3 Stabilization

14.3.1             

14.4 Test

14.4.1             

14.5 Pressure

14.5.1             

14.6 Weakness

14.6.1             

14.7 Shortness

14.7.1             

14.8 Body Language of Weakness

14.8.1            Testing Position

14.8.1.1      

14.8.2            During Test

14.8.2.1      

14.8.3            Movement aberrations

14.8.3.1      

14.8.4            Postural Imbalance

14.8.4.1      

14.9 Alternate Testing Method

14.9.1             

14.10                   Graphic Illustration

14.10.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

14.11                   Video Demonstration

14.11.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

14.12                   Organ Reflexes

14.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

14.12.2      Illustrations

14.13                   Meridian Association

14.13.1       

14.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

14.14.1       

14.15                   Nutritional

14.15.1       

14.16                   General Discussion

14.16.1       

---

15      ABDOMINAL MUSCLES GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

15.1 Testing Position

15.1.1             

15.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

15.2.1             

15.3 Stabilization

15.3.1             

15.4 Test

15.4.1             

15.5 Pressure

15.5.1             

15.6 Weakness

15.6.1             

15.7 Shortness

15.7.1             

15.8 Body Language of Weakness

15.8.1            Testing Position

15.8.1.1      

15.8.2            During Test

15.8.2.1      

15.8.3            Movement aberrations

15.8.3.1      

15.8.4            Postural Imbalance

15.8.4.1      

15.9 Alternate Testing Method

15.9.1             

15.10                   Graphic Illustration

15.10.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

15.11                   Video Demonstration

15.11.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

15.12                   Organ Reflexes

15.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

15.12.2      Illustrations

15.13                   Meridian Association

15.13.1       

15.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

15.14.1       

15.15                   Nutritional

15.15.1       

15.16                   General Discussion

15.16.1       

---

16      ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LOWER

Back Table of Contents References

 

16.1 Testing Position

16.1.1             

16.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

16.2.1             

16.3 Stabilization

16.3.1             

16.4 Test

16.4.1             

16.5 Pressure

16.5.1             

16.6 Weakness

16.6.1             

16.7 Shortness

16.7.1             

16.8 Body Language of Weakness

16.8.1            Testing Position

16.8.1.1      

16.8.2            During Test

16.8.2.1      

16.8.3            Movement aberrations

16.8.3.1      

16.8.4            Postural Imbalance

16.8.4.1      

16.9 Alternate Testing Method

16.9.1             

16.10                   Graphic Illustration

16.10.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

16.11                   Video Demonstration

16.11.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

16.12                   Organ Reflexes

16.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

16.12.2      Illustrations

16.13                   Meridian Association

16.13.1       

16.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

16.14.1       

16.15                   Nutritional

16.15.1       

16.16                   General Discussion

16.16.1       

---

 

17      ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

17.1 Testing Position

17.1.1             

17.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

17.2.1             

17.3 Stabilization

17.3.1             

17.4 Test

17.4.1             

17.5 Pressure

17.5.1             

17.6 Weakness

17.6.1             

17.7 Shortness

17.7.1             

17.8 Body Language of Weakness

17.8.1            Testing Position

17.8.1.1      

17.8.2            During Test

17.8.2.1      

17.8.3            Movement aberrations

17.8.3.1      

17.8.4            Postural Imbalance

17.8.4.1      

17.9 Alternate Testing Method

17.9.1             

17.10                   Graphic Illustration

17.10.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

17.11                   Video Demonstration

17.11.1      ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

17.12                   Organ Reflexes

17.12.1      CLIMACTERIC

17.12.2      Illustrations

17.13                   Meridian Association

17.13.1       

17.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

17.14.1       

17.15                   Nutritional

17.15.1       

17.16                   General Discussion

17.16.1       

---

18      ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

18.1 Testing Position

18.1.1             

18.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

18.2.1             

18.3 Stabilization

18.3.1             

18.4 Test

18.4.1             

18.5 Pressure

18.5.1             

18.6 Weakness

18.6.1             

18.7 Shortness

18.7.1             

18.8 Body Language of Weakness

18.8.1            Testing Position

18.8.1.1      

18.8.2            During Test

18.8.2.1      

18.8.3            Movement aberrations

18.8.3.1      

18.8.4            Postural Imbalance

18.8.4.1      

18.9 Alternate Testing Method

18.9.1             

18.10                   Graphic Illustration

18.10.1      ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

18.11                   Video Demonstration

18.11.1      ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

18.12                   Organ Reflexes

18.12.1      None

18.12.2      Illustrations

18.13                   Meridian Association

18.13.1       

18.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

18.14.1       

18.15                   Nutritional

18.15.1       

18.16                   General Discussion

18.16.1       

---

19      ANCONEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

19.1 Testing Position

19.1.1             

19.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

19.2.1             

19.3 Stabilization

19.3.1             

19.4 Test

19.4.1             

19.5 Pressure

19.5.1             

19.6 Weakness

19.6.1             

19.7 Shortness

19.7.1             

19.8 Body Language of Weakness

19.8.1            Testing Position

19.8.1.1      

19.8.2            During Test

19.8.2.1      

19.8.3            Movement aberrations

19.8.3.1      

19.8.4            Postural Imbalance

19.8.4.1      

19.9 Alternate Testing Method

19.9.1             

19.10                   Graphic Illustration

19.10.1      ANCONEUS

19.11                   Video Demonstration

19.11.1      ANCONEUS

19.12                   Organ Reflexes

19.12.1      Pancreas

19.12.2      Illustrations

19.13                   Meridian Association

19.13.1       

19.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

19.14.1       

19.15                   Nutritional

19.15.1       

19.16                   General Discussion

19.16.1       

---

20      BACK MUSCLES GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

20.1 Testing Position

20.1.1             

20.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

20.2.1             

20.3 Stabilization

20.3.1             

20.4 Test

20.4.1             

20.5 Pressure

20.5.1             

20.6 Weakness

20.6.1             

20.7 Shortness

20.7.1             

20.8 Body Language of Weakness

20.8.1            Testing Position

20.8.1.1      

20.8.2            During Test

20.8.2.1      

20.8.3            Movement aberrations

20.8.3.1      

20.8.4            Postural Imbalance

20.8.4.1      

20.9 Alternate Testing Method

20.9.1             

20.10                   Graphic Illustration

20.10.1      ANCONEUS

20.11                   Video Demonstration

20.11.1      ANCONEUS

20.12                   Organ Reflexes

20.12.1      Pancreas

20.12.2      Illustrations

20.13                   Meridian Association

20.13.1       

20.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

20.14.1       

20.15                   Nutritional

20.15.1       

20.16                   General Discussion

20.16.1       

---

21      BICEPS BRACHII

Back Table of Contents References

 

21.1 Testing Position

21.1.1             

21.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

21.2.1             

21.3 Stabilization

21.3.1             

21.4 Test

21.4.1             

21.5 Pressure

21.5.1             

21.6 Weakness

21.6.1             

21.7 Shortness

21.7.1             

21.8 Body Language of Weakness

21.8.1            Testing Position

21.8.1.1      

21.8.2            During Test

21.8.2.1      

21.8.3            Movement aberrations

21.8.3.1      

21.8.4            Postural Imbalance

21.8.4.1      

21.9 Alternate Testing Method

21.9.1             

21.10                   Graphic Illustration

21.10.1      BICEPS BRACHII

21.11                   Video Demonstration

21.11.1      BICEPS BRACHII

21.12                   Organ Reflexes

21.12.1      Stomach

21.12.2      Illustrations

21.13                   Meridian Association

21.13.1       

21.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

21.14.1       

21.15                   Nutritional

21.15.1       

21.16                   General Discussion

21.16.1       

---

22      BICEPS BRACHII & BRACHIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

22.1 Testing Position

22.1.1             

22.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

22.2.1             

22.3 Stabilization

22.3.1             

22.4 Test

22.4.1             

22.5 Pressure

22.5.1             

22.6 Weakness

22.6.1             

22.7 Shortness

22.7.1             

22.8 Body Language of Weakness

22.8.1            Testing Position

22.8.1.1      

22.8.2            During Test

22.8.2.1      

22.8.3            Movement aberrations

22.8.3.1      

22.8.4            Postural Imbalance

22.8.4.1      

22.9 Alternate Testing Method

22.9.1             

22.10                   Graphic Illustration

22.10.1      BICEPS BRACHII

22.11                   Video Demonstration

22.11.1      BICEPS BRACHII

22.12                   Organ Reflexes

22.12.1      Stomach

22.12.2      Illustrations

22.13                   Meridian Association

22.13.1       

22.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

22.14.1       

22.15                   Nutritional

22.15.1       

22.16                   General Discussion

22.16.1       

---

 

23      BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)

Back Table of Contents References

 

23.1 Testing Position

23.1.1             

23.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

23.2.1             

23.3 Stabilization

23.3.1             

23.4 Test

23.4.1             

23.5 Pressure

23.5.1             

23.6 Weakness

23.6.1             

23.7 Shortness

23.7.1             

23.8 Body Language of Weakness

23.8.1            Testing Position

23.8.1.1      

23.8.2            During Test

23.8.2.1      

23.8.3            Movement aberrations

23.8.3.1      

23.8.4            Postural Imbalance

23.8.4.1      

23.9 Alternate Testing Method

23.9.1             

23.10                   Graphic Illustration

23.10.1      BICEPS FEMORIS

23.11                   Video Demonstration

23.11.1      BICEPS FEMORIS

23.12                   Organ Reflexes

23.12.1      Rectum

23.12.2      Illustrations

23.13                   Meridian Association

23.13.1       

23.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

23.14.1       

23.15                   Nutritional

23.15.1       

23.16                   General Discussion

23.16.1       

---

24      BRACHIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

24.1 Testing Position

24.1.1             

24.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

24.2.1             

24.3 Stabilization

24.3.1             

24.4 Test

24.4.1             

24.5 Pressure

24.5.1             

24.6 Weakness

24.6.1             

24.7 Shortness

24.7.1             

24.8 Body Language of Weakness

24.8.1            Testing Position

24.8.1.1      

24.8.2            During Test

24.8.2.1      

24.8.3            Movement aberrations

24.8.3.1      

24.8.4            Postural Imbalance

24.8.4.1      

24.9 Alternate Testing Method

24.9.1             

24.10                   Graphic Illustration

24.10.1      BRACHIALIS

24.11                   Video Demonstration

24.11.1      BRACHIALIS

24.12                   Organ Reflexes

24.12.1      Stomach

24.12.2      Illustrations

24.13                   Meridian Association

24.13.1       

24.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

24.14.1       

24.15                   Nutritional

24.15.1       

24.16                   General Discussion

24.16.1       

---

25      BRACHIORADIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

25.1 Testing Position

25.1.1             

25.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

25.2.1             

25.3 Stabilization

25.3.1             

25.4 Test

25.4.1             

25.5 Pressure

25.5.1             

25.6 Weakness

25.6.1             

25.7 Shortness

25.7.1             

25.8 Body Language of Weakness

25.8.1            Testing Position

25.8.1.1      

25.8.2            During Test

25.8.2.1      

25.8.3            Movement aberrations

25.8.3.1      

25.8.4            Postural Imbalance

25.8.4.1      

25.9 Alternate Testing Method

25.9.1             

25.10                   Graphic Illustration

25.10.1      BRACHIORADIALIS

25.11                   Video Demonstration

25.11.1      BRACHIORADIALIS

25.12                   Organ Reflexes

25.12.1      Stomach

25.12.2      Illustrations

25.13                   Meridian Association

25.13.1       

25.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

25.14.1       

25.15                   Nutritional

25.15.1       

25.16                   General Discussion

25.16.1       

---

26      CORACOBRACHIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

26.1 Testing Position

26.1.1             

26.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

26.2.1             

26.3 Stabilization

26.3.1             

26.4 Test

26.4.1             

26.5 Pressure

26.5.1             

26.6 Weakness

26.6.1             

26.7 Shortness

26.7.1             

26.8 Body Language of Weakness

26.8.1            Testing Position

26.8.1.1      

26.8.2            During Test

26.8.2.1      

26.8.3            Movement aberrations

26.8.3.1      

26.8.4            Postural Imbalance

26.8.4.1      

26.9 Alternate Testing Method

26.9.1             

26.10                   Graphic Illustration

26.10.1      BUCCINATOR

26.11                   Video Demonstration

26.11.1      BUCCINATOR

26.12                   Organ Reflexes

26.12.1      None

26.12.2      Illustrations

26.13                   Meridian Association

26.13.1       

26.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

26.14.1       

26.15                   Nutritional

26.15.1       

26.16                   General Discussion

26.16.1       

---

27      DELTOID ANTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

27.1 Testing Position

27.1.1             

27.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

27.2.1             

27.3 Stabilization

27.3.1             

27.4 Test

27.4.1             

27.5 Pressure

27.5.1             

27.6 Weakness

27.6.1             

27.7 Shortness

27.7.1             

27.8 Body Language of Weakness

27.8.1            Testing Position

27.8.1.1      

27.8.2            During Test

27.8.2.1      

27.8.3            Movement aberrations

27.8.3.1      

27.8.4            Postural Imbalance

27.8.4.1      

27.9 Alternate Testing Method

27.9.1             

27.10                   Graphic Illustration

27.10.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

27.11                   Video Demonstration

27.11.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

27.12                   Organ Reflexes

27.12.1      None

27.12.2      Illustrations

27.13                   Meridian Association

27.13.1       

27.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

27.14.1       

27.15                   Nutritional

27.15.1       

27.16                   General Discussion

27.16.1       

---

28      DELTOID ANTERIOR & DELTOID POSTERIOR (SITTING)

Back Table of Contents References

 

28.1 Testing Position

28.1.1             

28.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

28.2.1             

28.3 Stabilization

28.3.1             

28.4 Test

28.4.1             

28.5 Pressure

28.5.1             

28.6 Weakness

28.6.1             

28.7 Shortness

28.7.1             

28.8 Body Language of Weakness

28.8.1            Testing Position

28.8.1.1      

28.8.2            During Test

28.8.2.1      

28.8.3            Movement aberrations

28.8.3.1      

28.8.4            Postural Imbalance

28.8.4.1      

28.9 Alternate Testing Method

28.9.1             

28.10                   Graphic Illustration

28.10.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

28.11                   Video Demonstration

28.11.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

28.12                   Organ Reflexes

28.12.1      None

28.12.2      Illustrations

28.13                   Meridian Association

28.13.1       

28.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

28.14.1       

28.15                   Nutritional

28.15.1       

28.16                   General Discussion

28.16.1       

---

29      DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) & DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE)

Back Table of Contents References

 

29.1 Testing Position

29.1.1             

29.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

29.2.1             

29.3 Stabilization

29.3.1             

29.4 Test

29.4.1             

29.5 Pressure

29.5.1             

29.6 Weakness

29.6.1             

29.7 Shortness

29.7.1             

29.8 Body Language of Weakness

29.8.1            Testing Position

29.8.1.1      

29.8.2            During Test

29.8.2.1      

29.8.3            Movement aberrations

29.8.3.1      

29.8.4            Postural Imbalance

29.8.4.1      

29.9 Alternate Testing Method

29.9.1             

29.10                   Graphic Illustration

29.10.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

29.11                   Video Demonstration

29.11.1      BULBOCAVERNOSUS

29.12                   Organ Reflexes

29.12.1      None

29.12.2      Illustrations

29.13                   Meridian Association

29.13.1       

29.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

29.14.1       

29.15                   Nutritional

29.15.1       

29.16                   General Discussion

29.16.1       

---

 

30      DELTOID MIDDLE

Back Table of Contents References

 

30.1 Testing Position

30.1.1             

30.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

30.2.1             

30.3 Stabilization

30.3.1             

30.4 Test

30.4.1             

30.5 Pressure

30.5.1             

30.6 Weakness

30.6.1             

30.7 Shortness

30.7.1             

30.8 Body Language of Weakness

30.8.1            Testing Position

30.8.1.1      

30.8.2            During Test

30.8.2.1      

30.8.3            Movement aberrations

30.8.3.1      

30.8.4            Postural Imbalance

30.8.4.1      

30.9 Alternate Testing Method

30.9.1             

30.10                   Graphic Illustration

30.10.1      CILIARY

30.11                   Video Demonstration

30.11.1      CILIARY

30.12                   Organ Reflexes

30.12.1      None

30.12.2      Illustrations

30.13                   Meridian Association

30.13.1       

30.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

30.14.1       

30.15                   Nutritional

30.15.1       

30.16                   General Discussion

30.16.1       

---

31      DELTOID POSTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

31.1 Testing Position

31.1.1             

31.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

31.2.1             

31.3 Stabilization

31.3.1             

31.4 Test

31.4.1             

31.5 Pressure

31.5.1             

31.6 Weakness

31.6.1             

31.7 Shortness

31.7.1             

31.8 Body Language of Weakness

31.8.1            Testing Position

31.8.1.1      

31.8.2            During Test

31.8.2.1      

31.8.3            Movement aberrations

31.8.3.1      

31.8.4            Postural Imbalance

31.8.4.1      

31.9 Alternate Testing Method

31.9.1             

31.10                   Graphic Illustration

31.10.1      COCCYGEUS

31.11                   Video Demonstration

31.11.1      COCCYGEUS

31.12                   Organ Reflexes

31.12.1      None

31.12.2      Illustrations

31.13                   Meridian Association

31.13.1       

31.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

31.14.1       

31.15                   Nutritional

31.15.1       

31.16                   General Discussion

31.16.1       

---

32      DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT)

Back Table of Contents References

 

32.1 Testing Position

32.1.1             

32.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

32.2.1             

32.3 Stabilization

32.3.1             

32.4 Test

32.4.1             

32.5 Pressure

32.5.1             

32.6 Weakness

32.6.1             

32.7 Shortness

32.7.1             

32.8 Body Language of Weakness

32.8.1            Testing Position

32.8.1.1      

32.8.2            During Test

32.8.2.1      

32.8.3            Movement aberrations

32.8.3.1      

32.8.4            Postural Imbalance

32.8.4.1      

32.9 Alternate Testing Method

32.9.1             

32.10                   Graphic Illustration

32.10.1      CORACOBRACHIALIS

32.11                   Video Demonstration

32.11.1      CORACOBRACHIALIS

32.12                   Organ Reflexes

32.12.1      Lung

32.12.2      Illustrations

32.13                   Meridian Association

32.13.1       

32.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

32.14.1       

32.15                   Nutritional

32.15.1       

32.16                   General Discussion

32.16.1       

---

33      DORSAL INTEROSSEI (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

33.1 Testing Position

33.1.1             

33.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

33.2.1             

33.3 Stabilization

33.3.1             

33.4 Test

33.4.1             

33.5 Pressure

33.5.1             

33.6 Weakness

33.6.1             

33.7 Shortness

33.7.1             

33.8 Body Language of Weakness

33.8.1            Testing Position

33.8.1.1      

33.8.2            During Test

33.8.2.1      

33.8.3            Movement aberrations

33.8.3.1      

33.8.4            Postural Imbalance

33.8.4.1      

33.9 Alternate Testing Method

33.9.1             

33.10                   Graphic Illustration

33.10.1      CORACOBRACHIALIS

33.11                   Video Demonstration

33.11.1      CORACOBRACHIALIS

33.12                   Organ Reflexes

33.12.1      Lung

33.12.2      Illustrations

33.13                   Meridian Association

33.13.1       

33.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

33.14.1       

33.15                   Nutritional

33.15.1       

33.16                   General Discussion

33.16.1       

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34      EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS & BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

34.1 Testing Position

34.1.1             

34.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

34.2.1             

34.3 Stabilization

34.3.1             

34.4 Test

34.4.1             

34.5 Pressure

34.5.1             

34.6 Weakness

34.6.1             

34.7 Shortness

34.7.1             

34.8 Body Language of Weakness

34.8.1            Testing Position

34.8.1.1      

34.8.2            During Test

34.8.2.1      

34.8.3            Movement aberrations

34.8.3.1      

34.8.4            Postural Imbalance

34.8.4.1      

34.9 Alternate Testing Method

34.9.1             

34.10                   Graphic Illustration

34.10.1      CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

34.11                   Video Demonstration

34.11.1      CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

34.12                   Organ Reflexes

34.12.1      None

34.12.2      Illustrations

34.13                   Meridian Association

34.13.1       

34.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

34.14.1       

34.15                   Nutritional

34.15.1       

34.16                   General Discussion

34.16.1       

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35      EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

35.1 Testing Position

35.1.1             

35.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

35.2.1             

35.3 Stabilization

35.3.1             

35.4 Test

35.4.1             

35.5 Pressure

35.5.1             

35.6 Weakness

35.6.1             

35.7 Shortness

35.7.1             

35.8 Body Language of Weakness

35.8.1            Testing Position

35.8.1.1      

35.8.2            During Test

35.8.2.1      

35.8.3            Movement aberrations

35.8.3.1      

35.8.4            Postural Imbalance

35.8.4.1      

35.9 Alternate Testing Method

35.9.1             

35.10                   Graphic Illustration

35.10.1      CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

35.11                   Video Demonstration

35.11.1      CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII

35.12                   Organ Reflexes

35.12.1      None

35.12.2      Illustrations

35.13                   Meridian Association

35.13.1       

35.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

35.14.1       

35.15                   Nutritional

35.15.1       

35.16                   General Discussion

35.16.1       

---

 

36      EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

36.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

36.1.1            EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

36.1.2            EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

36.2 Muscle Illustration

36.2.1           

36.2.2           

36.3 Illustration Muscle Test

36.3.1            Extensor Digitorum Longus & Brevis

36.4 Testing Position

36.4.1            Supine or Sitting

36.4.2            The patient extends his toes to the maximum amount

36.5 Patient Fixation Requirements

36.5.1            The ankle should be stabilized by patient and examiner efforts.

36.5.2            The examiner stabilizes the foot in slight plantar flexion.

36.6 Stabilization

36.6.1            The examiner stabilizes the foot at the calcaneus, with his thumb over the dorsal surface of the foot to prevent the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.

36.7 Test

36.7.1            Contact is made on the dorsal surface of the foot to prevent the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.

36.7.2            Extension of all joints of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits.

36.8 Pressure

36.8.1            Against the dorsal surface of the toes in the direction of flexion.

36.9 Weakness

36.9.1            Allows a tendency toward drop-foot and forefoot varus. Diminishes the ability to dorsiflex the ankle joint and evert the foot. In many cases of flat teet (collapse of the long arch) there is an accompanying weakness of toe extensors.

36.10                   Shortness or Contracture

36.10.1      Hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal joints.

36.11                   Video Demonstration

36.11.1       

36.12                   Organ Reflexes

36.12.1      None

36.12.2      Illustrations

36.13                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

36.13.1      None

36.14                   General Discussion

36.14.1      There is considerable variation in the tendon insertion of the extensor digitorum longus and brevis. The tendons of the two muscles tend to fuse together, giving a similar action to both. The extensor digitorum longus has the added action of dorsiflexion and contributes to eversion or pronation. These muscles are not routinely examined in applied Kinesiology; The most common examination purpose is to determine the relative strength of the toe extensors to the flexors, to evaluate the extension for the metatarsophalangeal articulations in the “hammer toe” position.

---

37      EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS & BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

37.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

37.1.1            Extensor Hallucis Brevis

37.1.2            Extensor Hallucis Longus

37.2 Muscle Illustration

37.2.1           

37.2.2           

37.3 Illustration Muscle Test

37.3.1            EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS & BREVIS

37.4 Testing Position

37.4.1            Patient extends the great toe, with the ankle in a neutral position

37.5 Patient Fixation Requirements

37.5.1            The ankle should be stabilized by both the patient and the examiner

37.5.2            The examiner stabilizes the foot in slight plantar flexion

37.6 Stabilization

37.6.1            Stabilize the calcaneus with the thumb over the dorsal surface of the foot

37.7 Test

37.7.1            Contact the dorsal surface of the great toe, and apply pressure in the direction of flexion. There should be no movement of the ankle joint, which may bring the tibialis anterior and other dorsiflexors into the test.

37.7.2            Extension of the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the great toe

37.8 Pressure

37.8.1            Against the dorsal surface of the distal and proximal phalanges of the great toe in the direction of flexion

37.9 Weakness

37.9.1            Decreases the ability to extend the great toe, and allows a position of flexion. The ability to dorsiflex the ankle joint is decreased

37.10                   Shortness

37.10.1      Extension of the great toe, with the head of the first metatarsal driven downward

37.11                   Body Language of Weakness

37.11.1      Testing Position

37.11.1.1 Inability to hold testing position

37.11.1.2 Significant weakness of this muscle is not nearly as common as other foot muscles.

37.11.1.3 Weakness in the presence of lower spinal conditions and sciatic neuralgia indicates that evaluation of the 4th lumbar disc is needed.

37.12                   Video Demonstration

37.12.1      CRICOTHYROID

37.13                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

37.13.1      None

37.14                   General Discussion

37.14.1      The paralysis of the extensor hallucis brevis (first slip of the extensor digitorum brevis) cannot be determined accurately in the presence of a strong extensor hallucis longus. However, in paralysis of the longus the action of the brevis is clear. The distal phalanx does not extend, and the proximal phalanx extends in the direction of adduction (toward the axial line of the foot)

---

38      EXTENSOR INDICIS, EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI & EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

Back Table of Contents References

 

38.1 Testing Position

38.1.1             

38.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

38.2.1             

38.3 Stabilization

38.3.1             

38.4 Test

38.4.1             

38.5 Pressure

38.5.1             

38.6 Weakness

38.6.1             

38.7 Shortness

38.7.1             

38.8 Body Language of Weakness

38.8.1            Testing Position

38.8.1.1      

38.8.2            During Test

38.8.2.1      

38.8.3            Movement aberrations

38.8.3.1      

38.8.4            Postural Imbalance

38.8.4.1      

38.9 Alternate Testing Method

38.9.1             

38.10                   Graphic Illustration

38.10.1      CRICOTHYROID

38.11                   Video Demonstration

38.11.1      CRICOTHYROID

38.12                   Organ Reflexes

38.12.1      None

38.12.2      Illustrations

38.13                   Meridian Association

38.13.1       

38.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

38.14.1       

38.15                   Nutritional

38.15.1       

38.16                   General Discussion

38.16.1       

---

 

39      EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

39.1 Testing Position

39.1.1             

39.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

39.2.1             

39.3 Stabilization

39.3.1             

39.4 Test

39.4.1             

39.5 Pressure

39.5.1             

39.6 Weakness

39.6.1             

39.7 Shortness

39.7.1             

39.8 Body Language of Weakness

39.8.1            Testing Position

39.8.1.1      

39.8.2            During Test

39.8.2.1      

39.8.3            Movement aberrations

39.8.3.1      

39.8.4            Postural Imbalance

39.8.4.1      

39.9 Alternate Testing Method

39.9.1             

39.10                   Graphic Illustration

39.10.1      CRICOTHYROID

39.11                   Video Demonstration

39.11.1      CRICOTHYROID

39.12                   Organ Reflexes

39.12.1      None

39.12.2      Illustrations

39.13                   Meridian Association

39.13.1       

39.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

39.14.1       

39.15                   Nutritional

39.15.1       

39.16                   General Discussion

39.16.1       

---

 

40      EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

40.1 Testing Position

40.1.1             

40.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

40.2.1             

40.3 Stabilization

40.3.1             

40.4 Test

40.4.1             

40.5 Pressure

40.5.1             

40.6 Weakness

40.6.1             

40.7 Shortness

40.7.1             

40.8 Body Language of Weakness

40.8.1            Testing Position

40.8.1.1      

40.8.2            During Test

40.8.2.1      

40.8.3            Movement aberrations

40.8.3.1      

40.8.4            Postural Imbalance

40.8.4.1      

40.9 Alternate Testing Method

40.9.1             

40.10                   Graphic Illustration

40.10.1      CRICOTHYROID

40.11                   Video Demonstration

40.11.1      CRICOTHYROID

40.12                   Organ Reflexes

40.12.1      None

40.12.2      Illustrations

40.13                   Meridian Association

40.13.1       

40.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

40.14.1       

40.15                   Nutritional

40.15.1       

40.16                   General Discussion

40.16.1       

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41      EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV

Back Table of Contents References

 

41.1 Testing Position

41.1.1             

41.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

41.2.1             

41.3 Stabilization

41.3.1             

41.4 Test

41.4.1             

41.5 Pressure

41.5.1             

41.6 Weakness

41.6.1             

41.7 Shortness

41.7.1             

41.8 Body Language of Weakness

41.8.1            Testing Position

41.8.1.1      

41.8.2            During Test

41.8.2.1      

41.8.3            Movement aberrations

41.8.3.1      

41.8.4            Postural Imbalance

41.8.4.1      

41.9 Alternate Testing Method

41.9.1             

41.10                   Graphic Illustration

41.10.1      DELTOID ANTERIOR

41.11                   Video Demonstration

41.11.1      DELTOID ANTERIOR

41.12                   Organ Reflexes

41.12.1      Lung

41.12.2      Illustrations

41.13                   Meridian Association

41.13.1       

41.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

41.14.1       

41.15                   Nutritional

41.15.1       

41.16                   General Discussion

41.16.1       

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42      EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV

Back Table of Contents References

 

42.1 Testing Position

42.1.1             

42.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

42.2.1             

42.3 Stabilization

42.3.1             

42.4 Test

42.4.1             

42.5 Pressure

42.5.1             

42.6 Weakness

42.6.1             

42.7 Shortness

42.7.1             

42.8 Body Language of Weakness

42.8.1            Testing Position

42.8.1.1      

42.8.2            During Test

42.8.2.1      

42.8.3            Movement aberrations

42.8.3.1      

42.8.4            Postural Imbalance

42.8.4.1      

42.9 Alternate Testing Method

42.9.1             

42.10                   Graphic Illustration

42.10.1      INTERSPINALES

42.11                   Video Demonstration

42.11.1      INTERSPINALES

42.12                   Organ Reflexes

42.12.1      None

42.12.2      Illustrations

42.13                   Meridian Association

42.13.1       

42.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

42.14.1       

42.15                   Nutritional

42.15.1       

42.16                   General Discussion

42.16.1       

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43      FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

43.1 Testing Position

43.1.1             

43.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

43.2.1             

43.3 Stabilization

43.3.1             

43.4 Test

43.4.1             

43.5 Pressure

43.5.1             

43.6 Weakness

43.6.1             

43.7 Shortness

43.7.1             

43.8 Body Language of Weakness

43.8.1            Testing Position

43.8.1.1      

43.8.2            During Test

43.8.2.1      

43.8.3            Movement aberrations

43.8.3.1      

43.8.4            Postural Imbalance

43.8.4.1      

43.9 Alternate Testing Method

43.9.1             

43.10                   Graphic Illustration

43.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

43.11                   Video Demonstration

43.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

43.12    Organ Reflexes

43.12.1      None

43.12.2      Illustrations

43.13                   Meridian Association

43.13.1       

43.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

43.14.1       

43.15                   Nutritional

43.15.1       

43.16                   General Discussion

43.16.1       

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44      FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

44.1 Testing Position

44.1.1             

44.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

44.2.1             

44.3 Stabilization

44.3.1             

44.4 Test

44.4.1             

44.5 Pressure

44.5.1             

44.6 Weakness

44.6.1             

44.7 Shortness

44.7.1             

44.8 Body Language of Weakness

44.8.1            Testing Position

44.8.1.1      

44.8.2            During Test

44.8.2.1      

44.8.3            Movement aberrations

44.8.3.1      

44.8.4            Postural Imbalance

44.8.4.1      

44.9 Alternate Testing Method

44.9.1             

44.10                   Graphic Illustration

44.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

44.11                   Video Demonstration

44.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

44.12    Organ Reflexes

44.12.1      None

44.12.2      Illustrations

44.13                   Meridian Association

44.13.1       

44.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

44.14.1       

44.15                   Nutritional

44.15.1       

44.16                   General Discussion

44.16.1       

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45      FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

45.1 Testing Position

45.1.1             

45.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

45.2.1             

45.3 Stabilization

45.3.1             

45.4 Test

45.4.1             

45.5 Pressure

45.5.1             

45.6 Weakness

45.6.1             

45.7 Shortness

45.7.1             

45.8 Body Language of Weakness

45.8.1            Testing Position

45.8.1.1      

45.8.2            During Test

45.8.2.1      

45.8.3            Movement aberrations

45.8.3.1      

45.8.4            Postural Imbalance

45.8.4.1      

45.9 Alternate Testing Method

45.9.1             

45.10                   Graphic Illustration

45.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

45.11                   Video Demonstration

45.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

45.12    Organ Reflexes

45.12.1      None

45.12.2      Illustrations

45.13                   Meridian Association

45.13.1       

45.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

45.14.1       

45.15                   Nutritional

45.15.1       

45.16                   General Discussion

45.16.1       

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46      FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

46.1 Testing Position

46.1.1             

46.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

46.2.1             

46.3 Stabilization

46.3.1             

46.4 Test

46.4.1             

46.5 Pressure

46.5.1             

46.6 Weakness

46.6.1             

46.7 Shortness

46.7.1             

46.8 Body Language of Weakness

46.8.1            Testing Position

46.8.1.1      

46.8.2            During Test

46.8.2.1      

46.8.3            Movement aberrations

46.8.3.1      

46.8.4            Postural Imbalance

46.8.4.1      

46.9 Alternate Testing Method

46.9.1             

46.10                   Graphic Illustration

46.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

46.11                   Video Demonstration

46.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

46.12    Organ Reflexes

46.12.1      None

46.12.2      Illustrations

46.13                   Meridian Association

46.13.1       

46.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

46.14.1       

46.15                   Nutritional

46.15.1       

46.16                   General Discussion

46.16.1       

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47      FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & QUADRATUS PLANTAE

Back Table of Contents References

 

47.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

47.1.1            FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

47.1.2            QUADRATUS PLANTAE

47.2 Muscle Illustration

47.2.1           

47.2.2           

47.3 Illustration Muscle Test

47.3.1            FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & QUADRATUS PLANTAE

47.4 Testing Position

47.4.1            Supine or sitting

47.4.2            In the presence of gastrocnemius tightness, the knee should be flexed to permit a neutral position of the foot

47.5 Patient Fixation/Stabilization Requirements

47.5.1            The examiner stabilizes the metatarsals and maintains a neutral position of the foot and ankle

47.6 Test

47.6.1            Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joints of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits. The flexor digitorum is assisted by quadratus plantae

47.7 Pressure

47.7.1            Against the plantar surface of the distal phalanges of the four toes in the direction of extension

47.8 Weakness

47.8.1            Results in tendency toward hyper extension of distal interphalangeal joints of the four toes. Decreases the ability to invert the foot and plantar flex the ankle. In weight bearing weakness permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.

47.9 Shortness

47.9.1            Flexion deformity of the distal phalanges of the four lateral toes, with restriction of dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot.

47.10                   Video Demonstration

47.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

47.11                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

47.11.1      None

47.12                   General Discussion

47.12.1      None

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48      FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

48.1 Testing Position

48.1.1             

48.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

48.2.1             

48.3 Stabilization

48.3.1             

48.4 Test

48.4.1             

48.5 Pressure

48.5.1             

48.6 Weakness

48.6.1             

48.7 Shortness

48.7.1             

48.8 Body Language of Weakness

48.8.1            Testing Position

48.8.1.1      

48.8.2            During Test

48.8.2.1      

48.8.3            Movement aberrations

48.8.3.1      

48.8.4            Postural Imbalance

48.8.4.1      

48.9 Alternate Testing Method

48.9.1             

48.10                   Graphic Illustration

48.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

48.11                   Video Demonstration

48.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

48.12    Organ Reflexes

48.12.1      None

48.12.2      Illustrations

48.13                   Meridian Association

48.13.1       

48.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

48.14.1       

48.15                   Nutritional

48.15.1       

48.16                   General Discussion

48.16.1       

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49      FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

49.1 Testing Position

49.1.1             

49.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

49.2.1             

49.3 Stabilization

49.3.1             

49.4 Test

49.4.1             

49.5 Pressure

49.5.1             

49.6 Weakness

49.6.1             

49.7 Shortness

49.7.1             

49.8 Body Language of Weakness

49.8.1            Testing Position

49.8.1.1      

49.8.2            During Test

49.8.2.1      

49.8.3            Movement aberrations

49.8.3.1      

49.8.4            Postural Imbalance

49.8.4.1      

49.9 Alternate Testing Method

49.9.1             

49.10                   Graphic Illustration

49.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

49.11                   Video Demonstration

49.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

49.12    Organ Reflexes

49.12.1      None

49.12.2      Illustrations

49.13                   Meridian Association

49.13.1       

49.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

49.14.1       

49.15                   Nutritional

49.15.1       

49.16                   General Discussion

49.16.1       

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50      FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

50.1 Testing Position

50.1.1             

50.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

50.2.1             

50.3 Stabilization

50.3.1             

50.4 Test

50.4.1             

50.5 Pressure

50.5.1             

50.6 Weakness

50.6.1             

50.7 Shortness

50.7.1             

50.8 Body Language of Weakness

50.8.1            Testing Position

50.8.1.1      

50.8.2            During Test

50.8.2.1      

50.8.3            Movement aberrations

50.8.3.1      

50.8.4            Postural Imbalance

50.8.4.1      

50.9 Alternate Testing Method

50.9.1             

50.10                   Graphic Illustration

50.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

50.11                   Video Demonstration

50.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

50.12    Organ Reflexes

50.12.1      None

50.12.2      Illustrations

50.13                   Meridian Association

50.13.1       

50.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

50.14.1       

50.15                   Nutritional

50.15.1       

50.16                   General Discussion

50.16.1       

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51      FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

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51.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

51.1.1            FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

51.2 Muscle Illustration

51.2.1           

51.2.2           

51.3 Illustration Muscle Test

51.3.1            FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS

51.4 Patient

51.4.1            Supine

51.4.2            Sitting

51.5 Testing Position

51.5.1            With the patient in the supine position, the examiner stabilizes the metatarsophalangeal articulation in slight extension, and holds the foot half-way between dorsal and plantar flexion. Patient flexes distal phalanx of great toe.

51.5.2            From this testing position of flexion between the proximal and distal phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against the distal phalanx of the great toe in the direction of extension

51.6 Synergists

51.6.1            The muscles that flex the distal phalanges of the toes and fingers are the only ones which can be 100% isolated for muscle testing. The flexor hallucis brevis attaches to the proximal phalanx and is the reason stabilization and slight extension are necessary between the proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.

51.7 Patient Fixation Requirements

51.7.1            The examiner stabilizes the metatarsophalangeal joint in neutral position and maintains the ankle joint approximately midway between dorsal and plantar flexion. (Full dorsiflexion may produce passive flexion of the interphalangeal joint, and full plantar flexion would allow the muscle to shorten too much to exert its maximum force.) If the Flexor hallucis brevis is very strong and the flexor hallucis longus weak, it is necessary to restrict the tendency for the metatarsophalangeal joint to flex by holding the proximal phalanx in slight extension.

51.8 Test

51.8.1            From the testing position  of flexion between the proximal and distal phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against the distal phalanx of the great toe in the direction of extension.

51.8.2            Flexion of the interphalangeal joint of the great toe

51.9 Pressure

51.9.1            Against the plantar surface of the distal phalanx in the direction of extension

51.10                   Weakness

51.10.1      Results in tendency toward hyperextension of interphalangeal joint and hammer-toe deformity of great toe. Decreases the strength of inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the ankle. In weight bearing, permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.

51.11                   Shortness

51.11.1      Claw-toe deformity of great toe

51.12                   Video Demonstration

51.12.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

51.13                   General Discussion

51.13.1      The flexor hallucis longus is most frequently tested in relation to the tarsal tunnel syndrome. Because the flexor hallucis longus receives its nerve supply prior to the nerves going through the tarsal tunnel, it will be compared with the flexor hallucis brevis, which receives its nerve supply after the nerve has gone through the tarsal tunnel.

51.13.2      The flexor hallucis longus is inactive, or only slightly active, when evaluated electromyographically in the weight-loaded foot. With a 400-pound load, it showed its greatest activity in inversion and dorsiflexion.

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52      FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS

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52.1 Testing Position

52.1.1             

52.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

52.2.1             

52.3 Stabilization

52.3.1             

52.4 Test

52.4.1             

52.5 Pressure

52.5.1             

52.6 Weakness

52.6.1             

52.7 Shortness

52.7.1             

52.8 Body Language of Weakness

52.8.1            Testing Position

52.8.1.1      

52.8.2            During Test

52.8.2.1      

52.8.3            Movement aberrations

52.8.3.1      

52.8.4            Postural Imbalance

52.8.4.1      

52.9 Alternate Testing Method

52.9.1             

52.10                   Graphic Illustration

52.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

52.11                   Video Demonstration

52.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

52.12    Organ Reflexes

52.12.1      None

52.12.2      Illustrations

52.13                   Meridian Association

52.13.1       

52.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

52.14.1       

52.15                   Nutritional

52.15.1       

52.16                   General Discussion

52.16.1       

---

53      FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

53.1 Testing Position

53.1.1             

53.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

53.2.1             

53.3 Stabilization

53.3.1             

53.4 Test

53.4.1             

53.5 Pressure

53.5.1             

53.6 Weakness

53.6.1             

53.7 Shortness

53.7.1             

53.8 Body Language of Weakness

53.8.1            Testing Position

53.8.1.1      

53.8.2            During Test

53.8.2.1      

53.8.3            Movement aberrations

53.8.3.1      

53.8.4            Postural Imbalance

53.8.4.1      

53.9 Alternate Testing Method

53.9.1             

53.10                   Graphic Illustration

53.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

53.11                   Video Demonstration

53.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

53.12    Organ Reflexes

53.12.1      None

53.12.2      Illustrations

53.13                   Meridian Association

53.13.1       

53.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

53.14.1       

53.15                   Nutritional

53.15.1       

53.16                   General Discussion

53.16.1       

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54      GASTROCNEMIUS

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54.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

54.1.1            GASTROCNEMIUS

54.2 Muscle Illustration

54.2.1           

54.2.2           

54.3 Illustration Muscle Test

54.3.1            GASTROCNEMIUS

54.4 Testing Position

54.4.1            The testing position for the gastrocnemius is prone, with the foot over the end of the table and the leg straight.

54.5 Test

54.5.1            Examiner pulls distally on calcaneus and simultaneously directs pressure on the sole of the foot in a dorsiflexion direction. This test must be compared with the soleus test to make a differential diagnosis.

54.6 Body Language of Weakness

54.6.1            Postural Imbalance

54.6.1.1     Patient stands with hyperextension of knee, compensating for a weak gastrocnemius failing to give posterior stability to the knee. This also correlates with a weak Popliteus and quadriceps group.

54.7 Alternate Testing Method

54.7.1            All plantar flexors can be tested with the patient standing. The patient stabilizes himself with his hand on a table or wall, but does not use it to aid the test. The patient raises directly up on his toes with one foot, while the examiner observes for capability of elevating to the toes without bending the knee or leaning forward. (See Example)

54.8 Video Demonstration

54.8.1            INTERTRANSVERSARII

54.9 Reactive Muscle Correlation

54.9.1            Popliteus

54.9.2            Quadriceps

54.10                   General Discussion

54.10.1      The gastrocnemius must be correlated with the soleus for evaluation of its strength. The maximum shortening of the gastrocnemius and soleus varies considerable. The soleus is capable of shortening 44 mm, the gastrocnemius only 39 mm. This is very important in the action of these two muscles. Because the gastrocnemius originates proximal to the knee, it is lengthened or shortened with extension or flexion of the knee. When the knee is flexed, the gastrocnemius is shortened, equal to or exceeding its length of contraction[1]. The prone soleus test is done in a manner similar to the gastrocnemius test, except the knee is flexed to 90º, this shortens the gastrocnemius and reduces its activity in the test.

54.10.2      The origin of the gastrocnemius above the knee is very important in the muscle’s role in the gait mechanism. As the knee is extended by quadriceps action, the gastrocnemius is lengthened to its most advantageous functioning position. Thus the action of the quadriceps transfers more power to the ankle by the gastrocnemius[2]. Herman and Bragin[3] demonstrated by electromyography that the gastrocnemius is more sensitive to contractions of length, strength, and rate of contraction, and the soleus plays a more constant role. This correlates with the generally acknowledged fact that the gastrocnemius is a gait mechanism muscle for running, jumping, and quick actions. It plays its greatest role when the ankle is plantar-flexed in large contractions and in the rapid development of tension. The soleus, again, plays a more constant role in postural balance.

54.10.3      By superimposing electromyograms over motion pictures of the gait, Sutherland[4] demonstrated that knee extension in the stance phase of gait cannot be from quadriceps muscle action. The EMG shows that quadriceps activity stops prior to knee extension. The plantar flexors are active during knee extension, yet dorsiflexion of the foot continues. He presents the hypothesis ". . . that knee extension during the stance phase in ordinary walking on the level is brought about by the force of the ankle plantar flexors resisting the dorsiflexion of the ankle, this dorsiflexion being produced by the resultant of the extrinsic forces (kinetic forces, gravity, and the floor reaction). The resultant of the extrinsic forces is greater than the intrinsic force, as manifested by the increasing dorsiflexion of the foot which occurs up until heel-off' begins."

54.10.4      The postural position of hyperextension of the knee in the presence of a weak gastrocnemius compensates for failure of its normal action in maintaining the knee in a slight degree of flexion. The medial head of the gastrocnemius is more active than the lateral in maintaining this position[5].

54.10.5      The gastrocnemius-soleus combination is not often tested in applied Kinesiology in reference to its glandular correlation because of the difficulty in testing these very powerful muscles with the limited leverage available. The gastrocnemius supplies most of its information about glandular correlation from the associated tenderness that usually develops in the muscle when there is adrenal involvement.

54.10.6      The gastrocnemius is often involved in athletic injuries on a reactive muscle basis. The muscle dysfunction may be primary, causing a weakness in another area, or it may be secondary and develop weakness from another muscle previously contracting. As stated, the Popliteus and quadriceps are often involved with the gastrocnemius on a reactive muscle basis. Usually when these muscles are involved, there is a knee disturbance manifested when running and with consequent cutting action.

54.10.7      Persistent wearing of high heels may cause a shortness of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon. Goniometer measurement should show 15° dorsiflexion. When there is limited range of motion, differential diagnosis between shortness of the gastrocnemius and soleus can be obtained by comparing foot dorsiflexion. If the gastrocnemius is short and the foot is dorsiflexed, there will be a restriction of knee extension. If the knee is extended, there will be a restriction of dorsiflexion.

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55      GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS & ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS

Back Table of Contents References

 

55.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

55.1.1            Plantar Flexion Muscles

55.1.1.1     Ankle Joint Plantar Flexors (Tendo Calcaneus Group)

55.1.1.1.1                  GASTROCNEMIUS
55.1.1.1.2                  PLANTARIS
55.1.1.1.3          SOLEUS

55.1.1.2     Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar Flexors

55.1.1.2.1          TIBIALLIS POSTERIOR
55.1.1.2.2          PERONEUS LONGUS
55.1.1.2.3          PERONEUS BREVIS

55.1.1.3     Toe, Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar Flexors

55.1.1.3.1          FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS
55.1.1.3.2          FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

55.2 Muscle Illustration

55.2.1           

55.2.2           

55.3 Illustration Muscle Test

55.3.1            GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS & ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS

55.4 Testing Position

55.4.1            Standing

55.4.1.1     Patient may steady themselves with a hand on the table, but should not take any weight on the hand.

55.4.2            Prone

55.4.2.1     Prone with knee extended, and the foot projecting over the end of the table

55.5 Patient Fixation Requirements

55.5.1            Prone

55.5.1.1     The weight of the extremity resting on a firm table should be sufficient fixation of the part

55.6 Test

55.6.1            Standing

55.6.1.1     Patient rises on toes, pushing the body weight directly upward.

55.6.1.2     Resistance

55.6.1.2.1                  Body weight

55.6.2            Prone

55.6.2.1     Plantar flexion of the foot with emphasis on pulling the heel upward more than pushing the forefoot downward. This test movement does not attempt to isolate the Gastrocnemius action from other plantar flexors, but the presence or absence of a Gastrocnemius can be determined by careful observation during the test.

55.7 Pressure

55.7.1            Prone

55.7.1.1     For maximum pressure in this posi­tion, it is necessary to apply pressure against the forefoot as well as against the calcaneus. If the muscle is very weak, pressure against the calca­neus is sufficient.

55.7.1.2     The Gastrocnemius usually can be seen and always can be palpated if it is contracting during the plantar flexion test. Movements of the toes and forefoot should be observed carefully during the test to detect substitutions. The patient may be able to flex the anterior part of the foot by toe flexors, Tibialis posterior, and Peroneus longus without a direct upward pull on the heel by the Tendo calcaneus. If the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak, the heel will be pushed up secondary to flexion of the anterior part of the foot rather than pulled up simultaneously with the flexion of the forepart of the foot. If pressure is applied to the heel rather than to the ball of the foot, it is possible to isolate, partially, the combined action of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus from the other plantar flexors. Movement of the foot toward ever­sion or inversion will show imbalance in opposing lateral and medial muscles and, if pronounced, will show an attempt to substitute the Peroneals or Tibialis posterior for the Gastrocnemius and Soleus.

55.7.1.3     Action of the Gastrocnemius often can be dem­onstrated in the knee flexion test when the Ham­strings are weak. In the prone position with the knee fully extended, the patient is asked to bend the knee against resistance. If the Gastrocnemius is strong, there will be plantar flexion at the ankle as the Gastrocnemius acts to initiate knee flexion, followed by ankle dorsiflexion as the knee flexes.

55.8 Weakness

55.8.1            Standing

55.8.1.1     Inclining the body forward and flexing the knee is evidence of weakness; the patient dorsiflexes the ankle joint attempting to clear the heel from the floor by tension of the plantar flexors as the body weight is thrown forward.

55.8.2            Prone

55.8.2.1     Permits a calcaneus position of the foot if the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak. In standing, results in hyperextension of the knee and inability to rise on toes. In walking, the ina­bility to transfer weight normally results in a "Gastrocnemius limp”.

55.9 Shortness/Contracture

55.9.1            Standing

55.9.1.1     Shortness of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus muscles tends to develop among women who constantly wear high-heeled shoes.

55.9.2            Prone

55.9.2.1     Equinus position of the foot and flexion of the knee

55.9.2.2     Restriction of dorsiflexion of the ankle when the knee is extended, and restriction of knee extension when the ankle is dorsiflexed. During stance phase in walking_ shortness limits the normal dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and the subject toes out during the transfer of weight from heel to forefoot

55.9.2.3     Because the Soleus acts to plantar flex the foot, in standing it acts to hold the leg back in normal alignment with foot. With weakness of the muscle, the ankle joint dorsiflexes. In standing, this gen­erally is accompanied by some knee flexion or may be accompanied by a forward inclination of the body as a whole from the ankles up. A strong Soleus may help compensate for a weak Quadri­ceps by pulling the leg back, thus passively extending the knee.

55.9.2.4     Unlike the Soleus, the Gastrocnemius passes over the knee joint. It is a flexor of the knee joint and as such is a stabilizer in helping to prevent hyperextension. While the action of the Gastroc­nemius is the same as the Soleus on the ankle joint, and conceivably weakness could result in the same change of alignment, as does weakness of the Soleus, this does not occur. Instead, with Gastrocnemius weakness, the knee tends to hyperextend in standing.

55.10                   Graphic Illustration

55.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

55.11                   Video Demonstration

55.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

55.12                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

55.12.1      None

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56      GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

56.1 Testing Position

56.1.1             

56.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

56.2.1             

56.3 Stabilization

56.3.1             

56.4 Test

56.4.1             

56.5 Pressure

56.5.1             

56.6 Weakness

56.6.1             

56.7 Shortness

56.7.1             

56.8 Body Language of Weakness

56.8.1            Testing Position

56.8.1.1      

56.8.2            During Test

56.8.2.1      

56.8.3            Movement aberrations

56.8.3.1      

56.8.4            Postural Imbalance

56.8.4.1      

56.9 Alternate Testing Method

56.9.1             

56.10                   Graphic Illustration

56.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

56.11                   Video Demonstration

56.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

56.12    Organ Reflexes

56.12.1      None

56.12.2      Illustrations

56.13                   Meridian Association

56.13.1       

56.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

56.14.1       

56.15                   Nutritional

56.15.1       

56.16                   General Discussion

56.16.1       

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57      GLUTEUS MEDIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

57.1 Testing Position

57.1.1             

57.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

57.2.1             

57.3 Stabilization

57.3.1             

57.4 Test

57.4.1             

57.5 Pressure

57.5.1             

57.6 Weakness

57.6.1             

57.7 Shortness

57.7.1             

57.8 Body Language of Weakness

57.8.1            Testing Position

57.8.1.1      

57.8.2            During Test

57.8.2.1      

57.8.3            Movement aberrations

57.8.3.1      

57.8.4            Postural Imbalance

57.8.4.1      

57.9 Alternate Testing Method

57.9.1             

57.10                   Graphic Illustration

57.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

57.11                   Video Demonstration

57.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

57.12    Organ Reflexes

57.12.1      None

57.12.2      Illustrations

57.13                   Meridian Association

57.13.1       

57.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

57.14.1       

57.15                   Nutritional

57.15.1       

57.16                   General Discussion

57.16.1       

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58      GLUTEUS MINIMUS ANT & POST

Back Table of Contents References

 

58.1 Testing Position

58.1.1             

58.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

58.2.1             

58.3 Stabilization

58.3.1             

58.4 Test

58.4.1             

58.5 Pressure

58.5.1             

58.6 Weakness

58.6.1             

58.7 Shortness

58.7.1             

58.8 Body Language of Weakness

58.8.1            Testing Position

58.8.1.1      

58.8.2            During Test

58.8.2.1      

58.8.3            Movement aberrations

58.8.3.1      

58.8.4            Postural Imbalance

58.8.4.1      

58.9 Alternate Testing Method

58.9.1             

58.10                   Graphic Illustration

58.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

58.11                   Video Demonstration

58.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

58.12    Organ Reflexes

58.12.1      None

58.12.2      Illustrations

58.13                   Meridian Association

58.13.1       

58.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

58.14.1       

58.15                   Nutritional

58.15.1       

58.16                   General Discussion

58.16.1       

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59      GRACILIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

59.1 Testing Position

59.1.1             

59.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

59.2.1             

59.3 Stabilization

59.3.1             

59.4 Test

59.4.1             

59.5 Pressure

59.5.1             

59.6 Weakness

59.6.1             

59.7 Shortness

59.7.1             

59.8 Body Language of Weakness

59.8.1            Testing Position

59.8.1.1      

59.8.2            During Test

59.8.2.1      

59.8.3            Movement aberrations

59.8.3.1      

59.8.4            Postural Imbalance

59.8.4.1      

59.9 Alternate Testing Method

59.9.1             

59.10                   Graphic Illustration

59.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

59.11                   Video Demonstration

59.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

59.12    Organ Reflexes

59.12.1      None

59.12.2      Illustrations

59.13                   Meridian Association

59.13.1       

59.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

59.14.1       

59.15                   Nutritional

59.15.1       

59.16                   General Discussion

59.16.1       

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60      GRACILIS & HAMSTRINGS

Back Table of Contents References

 

60.1 Testing Position

60.1.1             

60.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

60.2.1             

60.3 Stabilization

60.3.1             

60.4 Test

60.4.1             

60.5 Pressure

60.5.1             

60.6 Weakness

60.6.1             

60.7 Shortness

60.7.1             

60.8 Body Language of Weakness

60.8.1            Testing Position

60.8.1.1      

60.8.2            During Test

60.8.2.1      

60.8.3            Movement aberrations

60.8.3.1      

60.8.4            Postural Imbalance

60.8.4.1      

60.9 Alternate Testing Method

60.9.1             

60.10                   Graphic Illustration

60.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

60.11                   Video Demonstration

60.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

60.12    Organ Reflexes

60.12.1      None

60.12.2      Illustrations

60.13                   Meridian Association

60.13.1       

60.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

60.14.1       

60.15                   Nutritional

60.15.1       

60.16                   General Discussion

60.16.1       

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61      HIP FLEXORS

Back Table of Contents References

 

61.1 Testing Position

61.1.1             

61.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

61.2.1             

61.3 Stabilization

61.3.1             

61.4 Test

61.4.1             

61.5 Pressure

61.5.1             

61.6 Weakness

61.6.1             

61.7 Shortness

61.7.1             

61.8 Body Language of Weakness

61.8.1            Testing Position

61.8.1.1      

61.8.2            During Test

61.8.2.1      

61.8.3            Movement aberrations

61.8.3.1      

61.8.4            Postural Imbalance

61.8.4.1      

61.9 Alternate Testing Method

61.9.1             

61.10                   Graphic Illustration

61.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

61.11                   Video Demonstration

61.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

61.12    Organ Reflexes

61.12.1      None

61.12.2      Illustrations

61.13                   Meridian Association

61.13.1       

61.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

61.14.1       

61.15                   Nutritional

61.15.1       

61.16                   General Discussion

61.16.1       

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62      HIP ADDUCTORS

Back Table of Contents References

 

62.1 Testing Position

62.1.1             

62.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

62.2.1             

62.3 Stabilization

62.3.1             

62.4 Test

62.4.1             

62.5 Pressure

62.5.1             

62.6 Weakness

62.6.1             

62.7 Shortness

62.7.1             

62.8 Body Language of Weakness

62.8.1            Testing Position

62.8.1.1      

62.8.2            During Test

62.8.2.1      

62.8.3            Movement aberrations

62.8.3.1      

62.8.4            Postural Imbalance

62.8.4.1      

62.9 Alternate Testing Method

62.9.1             

62.10                   Graphic Illustration

62.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

62.11                   Video Demonstration

62.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

62.12    Organ Reflexes

62.12.1      None

62.12.2      Illustrations

62.13                   Meridian Association

62.13.1       

62.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

62.14.1       

62.15                   Nutritional

62.15.1       

62.16                   General Discussion

62.16.1       

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63      ILIACUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

63.1 Testing Position

63.1.1             

63.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

63.2.1             

63.3 Stabilization

63.3.1             

63.4 Test

63.4.1             

63.5 Pressure

63.5.1             

63.6 Weakness

63.6.1             

63.7 Shortness

63.7.1             

63.8 Body Language of Weakness

63.8.1            Testing Position

63.8.1.1      

63.8.2            During Test

63.8.2.1      

63.8.3            Movement aberrations

63.8.3.1      

63.8.4            Postural Imbalance

63.8.4.1      

63.9 Alternate Testing Method

63.9.1             

63.10                   Graphic Illustration

63.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

63.11                   Video Demonstration

63.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

63.12    Organ Reflexes

63.12.1      None

63.12.2      Illustrations

63.13                   Meridian Association

63.13.1       

63.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

63.14.1       

63.15                   Nutritional

63.15.1       

63.16                   General Discussion

63.16.1       

---

64      ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

64.1 Testing Position

64.1.1             

64.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

64.2.1             

64.3 Stabilization

64.3.1             

64.4 Test

64.4.1             

64.5 Pressure

64.5.1             

64.6 Weakness

64.6.1             

64.7 Shortness

64.7.1             

64.8 Body Language of Weakness

64.8.1            Testing Position

64.8.1.1      

64.8.2            During Test

64.8.2.1      

64.8.3            Movement aberrations

64.8.3.1      

64.8.4            Postural Imbalance

64.8.4.1      

64.9 Alternate Testing Method

64.9.1             

64.10                   Graphic Illustration

64.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

64.11                   Video Demonstration

64.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

64.12    Organ Reflexes

64.12.1      None

64.12.2      Illustrations

64.13                   Meridian Association

64.13.1       

64.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

64.14.1       

64.15                   Nutritional

64.15.1       

64.16                   General Discussion

64.16.1       

---

65      ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM

Back Table of Contents References

 

65.1 Testing Position

65.1.1             

65.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

65.2.1             

65.3 Stabilization

65.3.1             

65.4 Test

65.4.1             

65.5 Pressure

65.5.1             

65.6 Weakness

65.6.1             

65.7 Shortness

65.7.1             

65.8 Body Language of Weakness

65.8.1            Testing Position

65.8.1.1      

65.8.2            During Test

65.8.2.1      

65.8.3            Movement aberrations

65.8.3.1      

65.8.4            Postural Imbalance

65.8.4.1      

65.9 Alternate Testing Method

65.9.1             

65.10                   Graphic Illustration

65.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

65.11                   Video Demonstration

65.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

65.12    Organ Reflexes

65.12.1      None

65.12.2      Illustrations

65.13                   Meridian Association

65.13.1       

65.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

65.14.1       

65.15                   Nutritional

65.15.1       

65.16                   General Discussion

65.16.1       

---

66      ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

66.1 Testing Position

66.1.1             

66.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

66.2.1             

66.3 Stabilization

66.3.1             

66.4 Test

66.4.1             

66.5 Pressure

66.5.1             

66.6 Weakness

66.6.1             

66.7 Shortness

66.7.1             

66.8 Body Language of Weakness

66.8.1            Testing Position

66.8.1.1      

66.8.2            During Test

66.8.2.1      

66.8.3            Movement aberrations

66.8.3.1      

66.8.4            Postural Imbalance

66.8.4.1      

66.9 Alternate Testing Method

66.9.1             

66.10                   Graphic Illustration

66.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

66.11                   Video Demonstration

66.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

66.12    Organ Reflexes

66.12.1      None

66.12.2      Illustrations

66.13                   Meridian Association

66.13.1       

66.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

66.14.1       

66.15                   Nutritional

66.15.1       

66.16                   General Discussion

66.16.1       

---

67      ILIOPSOAS & PSOAS MINOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

67.1 Testing Position

67.1.1             

67.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

67.2.1             

67.3 Stabilization

67.3.1             

67.4 Test

67.4.1             

67.5 Pressure

67.5.1             

67.6 Weakness

67.6.1             

67.7 Shortness

67.7.1             

67.8 Body Language of Weakness

67.8.1            Testing Position

67.8.1.1      

67.8.2            During Test

67.8.2.1      

67.8.3            Movement aberrations

67.8.3.1      

67.8.4            Postural Imbalance

67.8.4.1      

67.9 Alternate Testing Method

67.9.1             

67.10                   Graphic Illustration

67.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

67.11                   Video Demonstration

67.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

67.12    Organ Reflexes

67.12.1      None

67.12.2      Illustrations

67.13                   Meridian Association

67.13.1       

67.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

67.14.1       

67.15                   Nutritional

67.15.1       

67.16                   General Discussion

67.16.1       

---

 

68      INFRASPINATUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

68.1 Testing Position

68.1.1             

68.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

68.2.1             

68.3 Stabilization

68.3.1             

68.4 Test

68.4.1             

68.5 Pressure

68.5.1             

68.6 Weakness

68.6.1             

68.7 Shortness

68.7.1             

68.8 Body Language of Weakness

68.8.1            Testing Position

68.8.1.1      

68.8.2            During Test

68.8.2.1      

68.8.3            Movement aberrations

68.8.3.1      

68.8.4            Postural Imbalance

68.8.4.1      

68.9 Alternate Testing Method

68.9.1             

68.10                   Graphic Illustration

68.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

68.11                   Video Demonstration

68.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

68.12    Organ Reflexes

68.12.1      None

68.12.2      Illustrations

68.13                   Meridian Association

68.13.1       

68.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

68.14.1       

68.15                   Nutritional

68.15.1       

68.16                   General Discussion

68.16.1       

---

69      INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV

Back Table of Contents References

 

69.1 Testing Position

69.1.1             

69.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

69.2.1             

69.3 Stabilization

69.3.1             

69.4 Test

69.4.1             

69.5 Pressure

69.5.1             

69.6 Weakness

69.6.1             

69.7 Shortness

69.7.1             

69.8 Body Language of Weakness

69.8.1            Testing Position

69.8.1.1      

69.8.2            During Test

69.8.2.1      

69.8.3            Movement aberrations

69.8.3.1      

69.8.4            Postural Imbalance

69.8.4.1      

69.9 Alternate Testing Method

69.9.1             

69.10                   Graphic Illustration

69.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

69.11                   Video Demonstration

69.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

69.12    Organ Reflexes

69.12.1      None

69.12.2      Illustrations

69.13                   Meridian Association

69.13.1       

69.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

69.14.1       

69.15                   Nutritional

69.15.1       

69.16                   General Discussion

69.16.1       

---

70      INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV

Back Table of Contents References

 

70.1 Testing Position

70.1.1             

70.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

70.2.1             

70.3 Stabilization

70.3.1             

70.4 Test

70.4.1             

70.5 Pressure

70.5.1             

70.6 Weakness

70.6.1             

70.7 Shortness

70.7.1             

70.8 Body Language of Weakness

70.8.1            Testing Position

70.8.1.1      

70.8.2            During Test

70.8.2.1      

70.8.3            Movement aberrations

70.8.3.1      

70.8.4            Postural Imbalance

70.8.4.1      

70.9 Alternate Testing Method

70.9.1             

70.10                   Graphic Illustration

70.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

70.11                   Video Demonstration

70.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

70.12    Organ Reflexes

70.12.1      None

70.12.2      Illustrations

70.13                   Meridian Association

70.13.1       

70.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

70.14.1       

70.15                   Nutritional

70.15.1       

70.16                   General Discussion

70.16.1       

---

71      LATERAL TRUNK FLEXORS AND HIP ABDUCTORS GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

71.1 Testing Position

71.1.1             

71.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

71.2.1             

71.3 Stabilization

71.3.1             

71.4 Test

71.4.1             

71.5 Pressure

71.5.1             

71.6 Weakness

71.6.1             

71.7 Shortness

71.7.1             

71.8 Body Language of Weakness

71.8.1            Testing Position

71.8.1.1      

71.8.2            During Test

71.8.2.1      

71.8.3            Movement aberrations

71.8.3.1      

71.8.4            Postural Imbalance

71.8.4.1      

71.9 Alternate Testing Method

71.9.1             

71.10                   Graphic Illustration

71.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

71.11                   Video Demonstration

71.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

71.12    Organ Reflexes

71.12.1      None

71.12.2      Illustrations

71.13                   Meridian Association

71.13.1       

71.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

71.14.1       

71.15                   Nutritional

71.15.1       

71.16                   General Discussion

71.16.1       

---

72      LATERAL ROTATORS HIP

Back Table of Contents References

 

72.1 Testing Position

72.1.1             

72.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

72.2.1             

72.3 Stabilization

72.3.1             

72.4 Test

72.4.1             

72.5 Pressure

72.5.1             

72.6 Weakness

72.6.1             

72.7 Shortness

72.7.1             

72.8 Body Language of Weakness

72.8.1            Testing Position

72.8.1.1      

72.8.2            During Test

72.8.2.1      

72.8.3            Movement aberrations

72.8.3.1      

72.8.4            Postural Imbalance

72.8.4.1      

72.9 Alternate Testing Method

72.9.1             

72.10                   Graphic Illustration

72.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

72.11                   Video Demonstration

72.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

72.12    Organ Reflexes

72.12.1      None

72.12.2      Illustrations

72.13                   Meridian Association

72.13.1       

72.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

72.14.1       

72.15                   Nutritional

72.15.1       

72.16                   General Discussion

72.16.1       

---

 

73      LATISSIMUS DORSI

Back Table of Contents References

 

73.1 Testing Position

73.1.1             

73.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

73.2.1             

73.3 Stabilization

73.3.1             

73.4 Test

73.4.1             

73.5 Pressure

73.5.1             

73.6 Weakness

73.6.1             

73.7 Shortness

73.7.1             

73.8 Body Language of Weakness

73.8.1            Testing Position

73.8.1.1      

73.8.2            During Test

73.8.2.1      

73.8.3            Movement aberrations

73.8.3.1      

73.8.4            Postural Imbalance

73.8.4.1      

73.9 Alternate Testing Method

73.9.1             

73.10                   Graphic Illustration

73.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

73.11                   Video Demonstration

73.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

73.12    Organ Reflexes

73.12.1      None

73.12.2      Illustrations

73.13                   Meridian Association

73.13.1       

73.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

73.14.1       

73.15                   Nutritional

73.15.1       

73.16                   General Discussion

73.16.1       

---

74      LEVATOR SCAPULAE

Back Table of Contents References

 

74.1 Testing Position

74.1.1             

74.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

74.2.1             

74.3 Stabilization

74.3.1             

74.4 Test

74.4.1             

74.5 Pressure

74.5.1             

74.6 Weakness

74.6.1             

74.7 Shortness

74.7.1             

74.8 Body Language of Weakness

74.8.1            Testing Position

74.8.1.1      

74.8.2            During Test

74.8.2.1      

74.8.3            Movement aberrations

74.8.3.1      

74.8.4            Postural Imbalance

74.8.4.1      

74.9 Alternate Testing Method

74.9.1             

74.10                   Graphic Illustration

74.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

74.11                   Video Demonstration

74.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

74.12    Organ Reflexes

74.12.1      None

74.12.2      Illustrations

74.13                   Meridian Association

74.13.1       

74.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

74.14.1       

74.15                   Nutritional

74.15.1       

74.16                   General Discussion

74.16.1       

---

75      LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

75.1 Testing Position

75.1.1             

75.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

75.2.1             

75.3 Stabilization

75.3.1             

75.4 Test

75.4.1             

75.5 Pressure

75.5.1             

75.6 Weakness

75.6.1             

75.7 Shortness

75.7.1             

75.8 Body Language of Weakness

75.8.1            Testing Position

75.8.1.1      

75.8.2            During Test

75.8.2.1      

75.8.3            Movement aberrations

75.8.3.1      

75.8.4            Postural Imbalance

75.8.4.1      

75.9 Alternate Testing Method

75.9.1             

75.10                   Graphic Illustration

75.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

75.11                   Video Demonstration

75.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

75.12    Organ Reflexes

75.12.1      None

75.12.2      Illustrations

75.13                   Meridian Association

75.13.1       

75.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

75.14.1       

75.15                   Nutritional

75.15.1       

75.16                   General Discussion

75.16.1       

---

76      LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

76.1 Testing Position

76.1.1             

76.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

76.2.1             

76.3 Stabilization

76.3.1             

76.4 Test

76.4.1             

76.5 Pressure

76.5.1             

76.6 Weakness

76.6.1             

76.7 Shortness

76.7.1             

76.8 Body Language of Weakness

76.8.1            Testing Position

76.8.1.1      

76.8.2            During Test

76.8.2.1      

76.8.3            Movement aberrations

76.8.3.1      

76.8.4            Postural Imbalance

76.8.4.1      

76.9 Alternate Testing Method

76.9.1             

76.10                   Graphic Illustration

76.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

76.11                   Video Demonstration

76.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

76.12    Organ Reflexes

76.12.1      None

76.12.2      Illustrations

76.13                   Meridian Association

76.13.1       

76.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

76.14.1       

76.15                   Nutritional

76.15.1       

76.16                   General Discussion

76.16.1       

---

77      LONGISSIMUS THORACIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

77.1 Testing Position

77.1.1             

77.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

77.2.1             

77.3 Stabilization

77.3.1             

77.4 Test

77.4.1             

77.5 Pressure

77.5.1             

77.6 Weakness

77.6.1             

77.7 Shortness

77.7.1             

77.8 Body Language of Weakness

77.8.1            Testing Position

77.8.1.1      

77.8.2            During Test

77.8.2.1      

77.8.3            Movement aberrations

77.8.3.1      

77.8.4            Postural Imbalance

77.8.4.1      

77.9 Alternate Testing Method

77.9.1             

77.10                   Graphic Illustration

77.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

77.11                   Video Demonstration

77.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

77.12    Organ Reflexes

77.12.1      None

77.12.2      Illustrations

77.13                   Meridian Association

77.13.1       

77.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

77.14.1       

77.15                   Nutritional

77.15.1       

77.16                   General Discussion

77.16.1       

---

78      LONGUS CAPITIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

78.1 Testing Position

78.1.1             

78.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

78.2.1             

78.3 Stabilization

78.3.1             

78.4 Test

78.4.1             

78.5 Pressure

78.5.1             

78.6 Weakness

78.6.1             

78.7 Shortness

78.7.1             

78.8 Body Language of Weakness

78.8.1            Testing Position

78.8.1.1      

78.8.2            During Test

78.8.2.1      

78.8.3            Movement aberrations

78.8.3.1      

78.8.4            Postural Imbalance

78.8.4.1      

78.9 Alternate Testing Method

78.9.1             

78.10                   Graphic Illustration

78.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

78.11                   Video Demonstration

78.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

78.12    Organ Reflexes

78.12.1      None

78.12.2      Illustrations

78.13                   Meridian Association

78.13.1       

78.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

78.14.1       

78.15                   Nutritional

78.15.1       

78.16                   General Discussion

78.16.1       

---

79      LONGUS COLLI

Back Table of Contents References

 

79.1 Testing Position

79.1.1             

79.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

79.2.1             

79.3 Stabilization

79.3.1             

79.4 Test

79.4.1             

79.5 Pressure

79.5.1             

79.6 Weakness

79.6.1             

79.7 Shortness

79.7.1             

79.8 Body Language of Weakness

79.8.1            Testing Position

79.8.1.1      

79.8.2            During Test

79.8.2.1      

79.8.3            Movement aberrations

79.8.3.1      

79.8.4            Postural Imbalance

79.8.4.1      

79.9 Alternate Testing Method

79.9.1             

79.10                   Graphic Illustration

79.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

79.11                   Video Demonstration

79.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

79.12    Organ Reflexes

79.12.1      None

79.12.2      Illustrations

79.13                   Meridian Association

79.13.1       

79.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

79.14.1       

79.15                   Nutritional

79.15.1       

79.16                   General Discussion

79.16.1       

---

80      LUMBRICALS (FOOT) & INTEROSSEI

Back Table of Contents References

 

80.1 Testing Position

80.1.1             

80.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

80.2.1             

80.3 Stabilization

80.3.1             

80.4 Test

80.4.1             

80.5 Pressure

80.5.1             

80.6 Weakness

80.6.1             

80.7 Shortness

80.7.1             

80.8 Body Language of Weakness

80.8.1            Testing Position

80.8.1.1      

80.8.2            During Test

80.8.2.1      

80.8.3            Movement aberrations

80.8.3.1      

80.8.4            Postural Imbalance

80.8.4.1      

80.9 Alternate Testing Method

80.9.1             

80.10                   Graphic Illustration

80.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

80.11                   Video Demonstration

80.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

80.12    Organ Reflexes

80.12.1      None

80.12.2      Illustrations

80.13                   Meridian Association

80.13.1       

80.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

80.14.1       

80.15                   Nutritional

80.15.1       

80.16                   General Discussion

80.16.1       

---

81      LUMBRICALS (HAND) & INTEROSSEI

Back Table of Contents References

 

81.1 Testing Position

81.1.1             

81.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

81.2.1             

81.3 Stabilization

81.3.1             

81.4 Test

81.4.1             

81.5 Pressure

81.5.1             

81.6 Weakness

81.6.1             

81.7 Shortness

81.7.1             

81.8 Body Language of Weakness

81.8.1            Testing Position

81.8.1.1      

81.8.2            During Test

81.8.2.1      

81.8.3            Movement aberrations

81.8.3.1      

81.8.4            Postural Imbalance

81.8.4.1      

81.9 Alternate Testing Method

81.9.1             

81.10                   Graphic Illustration

81.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

81.11                   Video Demonstration

81.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

81.12    Organ Reflexes

81.12.1      None

81.12.2      Illustrations

81.13                   Meridian Association

81.13.1       

81.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

81.14.1       

81.15                   Nutritional

81.15.1       

81.16                   General Discussion

81.16.1       

---

 

82      MEDIAL ROTATORS HIP

Back Table of Contents References

 

82.1 Testing Position

82.1.1             

82.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

82.2.1             

82.3 Stabilization

82.3.1             

82.4 Test

82.4.1             

82.5 Pressure

82.5.1             

82.6 Weakness

82.6.1             

82.7 Shortness

82.7.1             

82.8 Body Language of Weakness

82.8.1            Testing Position

82.8.1.1      

82.8.2            During Test

82.8.2.1      

82.8.3            Movement aberrations

82.8.3.1      

82.8.4            Postural Imbalance

82.8.4.1      

82.9 Alternate Testing Method

82.9.1             

82.10                   Graphic Illustration

82.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

82.11                   Video Demonstration

82.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

82.12    Organ Reflexes

82.12.1      None

82.12.2      Illustrations

82.13                   Meridian Association

82.13.1       

82.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

82.14.1       

82.15                   Nutritional

82.15.1       

82.16                   General Discussion

82.16.1       

---

 

83      OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI

Back Table of Contents References

 

83.1 Testing Position

83.1.1             

83.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

83.2.1             

83.3 Stabilization

83.3.1             

83.4 Test

83.4.1             

83.5 Pressure

83.5.1             

83.6 Weakness

83.6.1             

83.7 Shortness

83.7.1             

83.8 Body Language of Weakness

83.8.1            Testing Position

83.8.1.1      

83.8.2            During Test

83.8.2.1      

83.8.3            Movement aberrations

83.8.3.1      

83.8.4            Postural Imbalance

83.8.4.1      

83.9 Alternate Testing Method

83.9.1             

83.10                   Graphic Illustration

83.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

83.11                   Video Demonstration

83.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

83.12    Organ Reflexes

83.12.1      None

83.12.2      Illustrations

83.13                   Meridian Association

83.13.1       

83.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

83.14.1       

83.15                   Nutritional

83.15.1       

83.16                   General Discussion

83.16.1       

---

84      OPPONENS POLLICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

84.1 Testing Position

84.1.1             

84.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

84.2.1             

84.3 Stabilization

84.3.1             

84.4 Test

84.4.1             

84.5 Pressure

84.5.1             

84.6 Weakness

84.6.1             

84.7 Shortness

84.7.1             

84.8 Body Language of Weakness

84.8.1            Testing Position

84.8.1.1      

84.8.2            During Test

84.8.2.1      

84.8.3            Movement aberrations

84.8.3.1      

84.8.4            Postural Imbalance

84.8.4.1      

84.9 Alternate Testing Method

84.9.1             

84.10                   Graphic Illustration

84.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

84.11                   Video Demonstration

84.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

84.12    Organ Reflexes

84.12.1      None

84.12.2      Illustrations

84.13                   Meridian Association

84.13.1       

84.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

84.14.1       

84.15                   Nutritional

84.15.1       

84.16                   General Discussion

84.16.1       

---

85      PALMAR INTEROSSEI (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

85.1 Testing Position

85.1.1             

85.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

85.2.1             

85.3 Stabilization

85.3.1             

85.4 Test

85.4.1             

85.5 Pressure

85.5.1             

85.6 Weakness

85.6.1             

85.7 Shortness

85.7.1             

85.8 Body Language of Weakness

85.8.1            Testing Position

85.8.1.1      

85.8.2            During Test

85.8.2.1      

85.8.3            Movement aberrations

85.8.3.1      

85.8.4            Postural Imbalance

85.8.4.1      

85.9 Alternate Testing Method

85.9.1             

85.10                   Graphic Illustration

85.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

85.11                   Video Demonstration

85.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

85.12    Organ Reflexes

85.12.1      None

85.12.2      Illustrations

85.13                   Meridian Association

85.13.1       

85.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

85.14.1       

85.15                   Nutritional

85.15.1       

85.16                   General Discussion

85.16.1       

---

86      PALMARIS LONGUS & BREVIS (HAND)

Back Table of Contents References

 

86.1 Testing Position

86.1.1             

86.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

86.2.1             

86.3 Stabilization

86.3.1             

86.4 Test

86.4.1             

86.5 Pressure

86.5.1             

86.6 Weakness

86.6.1             

86.7 Shortness

86.7.1             

86.8 Body Language of Weakness

86.8.1            Testing Position

86.8.1.1      

86.8.2            During Test

86.8.2.1      

86.8.3            Movement aberrations

86.8.3.1      

86.8.4            Postural Imbalance

86.8.4.1      

86.9 Alternate Testing Method

86.9.1             

86.10                   Graphic Illustration

86.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

86.11                   Video Demonstration

86.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

86.12    Organ Reflexes

86.12.1      None

86.12.2      Illustrations

86.13                   Meridian Association

86.13.1       

86.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

86.14.1       

86.15                   Nutritional

86.15.1       

86.16                   General Discussion

86.16.1       

---

 

87      PECTINEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

87.1 Testing Position

87.1.1             

87.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

87.2.1             

87.3 Stabilization

87.3.1             

87.4 Test

87.4.1             

87.5 Pressure

87.5.1             

87.6 Weakness

87.6.1             

87.7 Shortness

87.7.1             

87.8 Body Language of Weakness

87.8.1            Testing Position

87.8.1.1      

87.8.2            During Test

87.8.2.1      

87.8.3            Movement aberrations

87.8.3.1      

87.8.4            Postural Imbalance

87.8.4.1      

87.9 Alternate Testing Method

87.9.1             

87.10                   Graphic Illustration

87.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

87.11                   Video Demonstration

87.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

87.12    Organ Reflexes

87.12.1      None

87.12.2      Illustrations

87.13                   Meridian Association

87.13.1       

87.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

87.14.1       

87.15                   Nutritional

87.15.1       

87.16                   General Discussion

87.16.1       

---

88      PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICULAR

Back Table of Contents References

 

88.1 Testing Position

88.1.1             

88.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

88.2.1             

88.3 Stabilization

88.3.1             

88.4 Test

88.4.1             

88.5 Pressure

88.5.1             

88.6 Weakness

88.6.1             

88.7 Shortness

88.7.1             

88.8 Body Language of Weakness

88.8.1            Testing Position

88.8.1.1      

88.8.2            During Test

88.8.2.1      

88.8.3            Movement aberrations

88.8.3.1      

88.8.4            Postural Imbalance

88.8.4.1      

88.9 Alternate Testing Method

88.9.1             

88.10                   Graphic Illustration

88.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

88.11                   Video Demonstration

88.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

88.12    Organ Reflexes

88.12.1      None

88.12.2      Illustrations

88.13                   Meridian Association

88.13.1       

88.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

88.14.1       

88.15                   Nutritional

88.15.1       

88.16                   General Discussion

88.16.1       

---

89      PECTORALIS MAJOR STERNAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

89.1 Testing Position

89.1.1             

89.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

89.2.1             

89.3 Stabilization

89.3.1             

89.4 Test

89.4.1             

89.5 Pressure

89.5.1             

89.6 Weakness

89.6.1             

89.7 Shortness

89.7.1             

89.8 Body Language of Weakness

89.8.1            Testing Position

89.8.1.1      

89.8.2            During Test

89.8.2.1      

89.8.3            Movement aberrations

89.8.3.1      

89.8.4            Postural Imbalance

89.8.4.1      

89.9 Alternate Testing Method

89.9.1             

89.10                   Graphic Illustration

89.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

89.11                   Video Demonstration

89.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

89.12    Organ Reflexes

89.12.1      None

89.12.2      Illustrations

89.13                   Meridian Association

89.13.1       

89.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

89.14.1       

89.15                   Nutritional

89.15.1       

89.16                   General Discussion

89.16.1       

---

90      PECTORALIS MINOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

90.1 Testing Position

90.1.1             

90.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

90.2.1             

90.3 Stabilization

90.3.1             

90.4 Test

90.4.1             

90.5 Pressure

90.5.1             

90.6 Weakness

90.6.1             

90.7 Shortness

90.7.1             

90.8 Body Language of Weakness

90.8.1            Testing Position

90.8.1.1      

90.8.2            During Test

90.8.2.1      

90.8.3            Movement aberrations

90.8.3.1      

90.8.4            Postural Imbalance

90.8.4.1      

90.9 Alternate Testing Method

90.9.1             

90.10                   Graphic Illustration

90.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

90.11                   Video Demonstration

90.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

90.12    Organ Reflexes

90.12.1      None

90.12.2      Illustrations

90.13                   Meridian Association

90.13.1       

90.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

90.14.1       

90.15                   Nutritional

90.15.1       

90.16                   General Discussion

90.16.1       

---

91      PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

91.1 Individual Muscle Discussion

91.1.1            PERONEUS BREVIS

91.1.2            PERONEUS LONGUS

91.2 Muscle Illustration

91.2.1           

91.2.2           

91.2.3           

91.3 Illustration Muscle Test

91.3.1            PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS

91.4 Summary of Overall Test

91.4.1            Start with the client supine. Assume we are testing the left foot. Stand facing the medial aspect of the foot. Grab the leg just above the ankle with your left hand. Grab the outside of the foot with the palm of your right hand just above the 5th metatarsal. Have the client plantar flex (Sole downward & Posterior) and evert the foot (sole facing outward (laterally)) Watch the peroneus longus/brevis tendons articulate (pop out). The tendons should be clearly visible and in a relatively straight line. Have the client relax the toes. Use your right hand to rotate the sole inward (medially). The tendons should pop out more when you do this. Muscle testing is tricky. It’s like patting your belly and rubbing your head or learning to drive a clutch car. With practice it’s easy. The rewards are smarter and more effective treatment.

91.5 Testing Position

91.5.1            Supine patient fully plantar flexes the foot and then everts it to the maximum amount.

91.5.2            The toes should be kept neutral or in flexion to limit action of the long muscles of toe flexion and exten­sion. The testing position should be such that the muscle and tendon progressing behind the lateral malleolus are in as straight a line as possible.

91.5.3            Alternate

91.5.3.1     Supine with extremity medially rotated, or side lying (on opposite side)

91.6 Patient Fixation Requirements

91.6.1            The patient must keep the foot in plantar flexion

91.6.2            The examiner supports the leg above the ankle joint

91.7 Stabilization

91.7.1            The examiner stabilizes the leg above the ankle

91.8 Test

91.8.1            Eversion of the foot with plantar flexion of the ankle joint

91.8.2            Pressure is directed on the side of the foot in the direction of inversion. The test must start from the maximum eversion allowed when the foot is in complete plantar flexion. The range of motion in this test is limited. No dorsiflexion of the foot should be allowed, nor should there be any flexion or extension of the toes. The examiner should observe the tendon which courses behind the external malleolus as evidence of maximum isolation of the muscles.

91.9 Pressure

91.9.1            Against the lateral border and sole of the foot in the direction of inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.

91.10                   Weakness

91.10.1      Decreases the strength of eversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the ankle joint

91.10.2      Allows a varus position of the foot and lessens the ability to rise on the toes.

91.10.3      Lateral stability of the ankle is decreased.

91.11                   Shortness

91.11.1      Results in an everted or valgus position of the foot

91.12                   Body Language of Weakness

91.12.1      Testing Position

91.12.1.1 It is not unusual to have such great weakness of these muscles that the patient cannot bring the foot into the testing position.

91.12.2      During Test

91.12.2.1 The patient's effort to recruit other muscles into this test is dramatic, and some­times extremely difficult to stop. The patient will attempt dorsiflexion of the foot and exten­sion of the toes. Even if the examiner prevents the patient from dorsiflexing his foot and extend­ing the toes by holding the position, the patient's effort will change the test significantly. If dorsi­flexion of the foot or extension of the toes is allowed, a strong peroneus longus and brevis may be indicated; in reality, the muscles may be exquisitely weak. In order to eliminate the dorsi­flexion and toe extension, it may be necessary to restart the test several times. Once the examiner has felt the dramatic difference be­tween testing a weak peroneus longus and brevis correctly, and the dramatic change the patient can make with dorsiflexion or toe extension, it becomes much easier to perform this test properly.

91.12.3      Movement aberrations

91.12.3.1  

91.12.4      Postural Imbalance

91.12.4.1 Balance of fhe ankle muscles is best observed when the patient is supine. Weakness of the peroneus IOl1gus and brevis causes the foot to invert. An imaginary line extending down the tibial ridge should extend over the second toe. Weakness of the peroneus longus and brevis causes this line to be lateral of the second toe or to miss the foot entirely. When evaluating the structural balance of the foot in the supine position, care must be taken thal the foot .is not resting on the table in such a manner that the table !"ressure deviates the foot from its relaxed position. It is best to have the foot hang over the edge of the table, or be supported by an ankle rest such as is present on most chiropractic tables.

91.13                   Alternate Testing Method

91.13.1       

91.14                   Video Demonstration

91.14.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

91.15                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

91.15.1       

91.16                   General Discussion

91.16.1      The peroneus longus and brevis are very important in maintaining normal foot and ankle function, this relates to the entire gait mechanism of the body. Weakness of these muscles is often due to foot subluxations. This can be deter­mined by challenging the foot structures and then re-testing the peroneus longus and brevis for im­proved function. These muscles are important lateral ankle stabilizers.

91.16.2      The peroneus longus and brevis may be injured from trauma, such as when the ankle is twisted. The trauma to the muscle may require origin/insertion technique or treatment to the proprioceptors of the muscles. After the ankle strain or sprain has re­covered, evaluation of the muscle{s} should be made for the possible need for treatment. Many recurrent twisted ankles are due to weakness of these muscles and their failure to recover.

91.16.3      Muscle testing would help determine the relative involvement of the peroneus brevis/longus vs. ankle ligaments after a sprain. If the muscle test hurts, clients may have injured the peroneus brevis and longus (Tenosynovitis or worse). Muscle testing also helps determine whether a disc or facet joint problem in the low back is pressing on the motor nerves (L4-S2) or if there is other nerve impingement of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve supplying these muscles. Although the muscle test is not diagnostic of disc involvement or peripheral nerve impingement if muscles are weak it may be a sign of problems elsewhere. Since both these muscles are associated in applied kinesiology with the Bladder, muscle testing may also help determine the functioning of this organ and its associated channel (Eastern Medicine)

91.16.4      Some consider that the peroneus longus {and possibly brevis} - acting together with the peroneus tertius and tibialis anterior and posterior - acts as a sling mechanism to support the arch. Basmajian et al.5 demonstrated by electromyography that there was no activity of the peroneus longus when the static foot was loaded with up to a 400-pound load unless the foot was everted. In that case, some subjects showed marked or slight activity in the muscle. Gray,8 in a study of normal feet compared to flat feet, confirmed Basmajian's findings for normal feet. In the subjects with flat feet, 22 of 27 showed marked activity in the peroneus longus when the subjects were in a comfortable standing position, feet spread six inches apart.

91.16.5      Jonsson and Rundgren12 compared the function of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles by electro­myography. Their study was unique in that the needle electrodes were confirmed to be in the appro­priate muscle by injecting CO2 gas into the muscle through the insertion needle, and then evaluatihg by x-ray whether the needle was actually in the appro­priate muscle. They found the muscles to act together qualitatively, but not necessarily quantitatively. The muscles' action was found to be primarily foot pronation.

91.16.6      In weight bearing, with a strong pull on its insertion at the base of the first metatarsal, the peroneus longus causes the head of the first metatarsal to be pressed downward into the supporting surface.

---

92      PERONEUS TERTIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

92.1 Testing Position

92.1.1             

92.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

92.2.1             

92.3 Stabilization

92.3.1             

92.4 Test

92.4.1             

92.5 Pressure

92.5.1             

92.6 Weakness

92.6.1             

92.7 Shortness

92.7.1             

92.8 Body Language of Weakness

92.8.1            Testing Position

92.8.1.1      

92.8.2            During Test

92.8.2.1      

92.8.3            Movement aberrations

92.8.3.1      

92.8.4            Postural Imbalance

92.8.4.1      

92.9 Alternate Testing Method

92.9.1             

92.10                   Graphic Illustration

92.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

92.11                   Video Demonstration

92.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

92.12    Organ Reflexes

92.12.1      None

92.12.2      Illustrations

92.13                   Meridian Association

92.13.1       

92.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

92.14.1       

92.15                   Nutritional

92.15.1       

92.16                   General Discussion

92.16.1       

---

93      PIRIFORMIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

93.1 Testing Position

93.1.1             

93.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

93.2.1             

93.3 Stabilization

93.3.1             

93.4 Test

93.4.1             

93.5 Pressure

93.5.1             

93.6 Weakness

93.6.1             

93.7 Shortness

93.7.1             

93.8 Body Language of Weakness

93.8.1            Testing Position

93.8.1.1      

93.8.2            During Test

93.8.2.1      

93.8.3            Movement aberrations

93.8.3.1      

93.8.4            Postural Imbalance

93.8.4.1      

93.9 Alternate Testing Method

93.9.1             

93.10                   Graphic Illustration

93.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

93.11                   Video Demonstration

93.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

93.12    Organ Reflexes

93.12.1      None

93.12.2      Illustrations

93.13                   Meridian Association

93.13.1       

93.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

93.14.1       

93.15                   Nutritional

93.15.1       

93.16                   General Discussion

93.16.1       

---

94      PLANTAR INTEROSSEI (FOOT)

Back Table of Contents References

 

94.1 Testing Position

94.1.1             

94.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

94.2.1             

94.3 Stabilization

94.3.1             

94.4 Test

94.4.1             

94.5 Pressure

94.5.1             

94.6 Weakness

94.6.1             

94.7 Shortness

94.7.1             

94.8 Body Language of Weakness

94.8.1            Testing Position

94.8.1.1      

94.8.2            During Test

94.8.2.1      

94.8.3            Movement aberrations

94.8.3.1      

94.8.4            Postural Imbalance

94.8.4.1      

94.9 Alternate Testing Method

94.9.1             

94.10                   Graphic Illustration

94.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

94.11                   Video Demonstration

94.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

94.12    Organ Reflexes

94.12.1      None

94.12.2      Illustrations

94.13                   Meridian Association

94.13.1       

94.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

94.14.1       

94.15                   Nutritional

94.15.1       

94.16                   General Discussion

94.16.1       

---

95      POPLITEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

95.1 Testing Position

95.1.1             

95.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

95.2.1             

95.3 Stabilization

95.3.1             

95.4 Test

95.4.1             

95.5 Pressure

95.5.1             

95.6 Weakness

95.6.1             

95.7 Shortness

95.7.1             

95.8 Body Language of Weakness

95.8.1            Testing Position

95.8.1.1      

95.8.2            During Test

95.8.2.1      

95.8.3            Movement aberrations

95.8.3.1      

95.8.4            Postural Imbalance

95.8.4.1      

95.9 Alternate Testing Method

95.9.1             

95.10                   Graphic Illustration

95.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

95.11                   Video Demonstration

95.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

95.12    Organ Reflexes

95.12.1      None

95.12.2      Illustrations

95.13                   Meridian Association

95.13.1       

95.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

95.14.1       

95.15                   Nutritional

95.15.1       

95.16                   General Discussion

95.16.1       

---

96      PRONATOR QUADRATUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

96.1 Testing Position

96.1.1             

96.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

96.2.1             

96.3 Stabilization

96.3.1             

96.4 Test

96.4.1             

96.5 Pressure

96.5.1             

96.6 Weakness

96.6.1             

96.7 Shortness

96.7.1             

96.8 Body Language of Weakness

96.8.1            Testing Position

96.8.1.1      

96.8.2            During Test

96.8.2.1      

96.8.3            Movement aberrations

96.8.3.1      

96.8.4            Postural Imbalance

96.8.4.1      

96.9 Alternate Testing Method

96.9.1             

96.10                   Graphic Illustration

96.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

96.11                   Video Demonstration

96.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

96.12    Organ Reflexes

96.12.1      None

96.12.2      Illustrations

96.13                   Meridian Association

96.13.1       

96.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

96.14.1       

96.15                   Nutritional

96.15.1       

96.16                   General Discussion

96.16.1       

---

97      PRONATOR TERES

Back Table of Contents References

 

97.1 Testing Position

97.1.1             

97.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

97.2.1             

97.3 Stabilization

97.3.1             

97.4 Test

97.4.1             

97.5 Pressure

97.5.1             

97.6 Weakness

97.6.1             

97.7 Shortness

97.7.1             

97.8 Body Language of Weakness

97.8.1            Testing Position

97.8.1.1      

97.8.2            During Test

97.8.2.1      

97.8.3            Movement aberrations

97.8.3.1      

97.8.4            Postural Imbalance

97.8.4.1      

97.9 Alternate Testing Method

97.9.1             

97.10                   Graphic Illustration

97.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

97.11                   Video Demonstration

97.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

97.12    Organ Reflexes

97.12.1      None

97.12.2      Illustrations

97.13                   Meridian Association

97.13.1       

97.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

97.14.1       

97.15                   Nutritional

97.15.1       

97.16                   General Discussion

97.16.1       

---

98      PRONATOR TERES & PRONATOR QUADRATUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

98.1 Testing Position

98.1.1             

98.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

98.2.1             

98.3 Stabilization

98.3.1             

98.4 Test

98.4.1             

98.5 Pressure

98.5.1             

98.6 Weakness

98.6.1             

98.7 Shortness

98.7.1             

98.8 Body Language of Weakness

98.8.1            Testing Position

98.8.1.1      

98.8.2            During Test

98.8.2.1      

98.8.3            Movement aberrations

98.8.3.1      

98.8.4            Postural Imbalance

98.8.4.1      

98.9 Alternate Testing Method

98.9.1             

98.10                   Graphic Illustration

98.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

98.11                   Video Demonstration

98.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

98.12    Organ Reflexes

98.12.1      None

98.12.2      Illustrations

98.13                   Meridian Association

98.13.1       

98.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

98.14.1       

98.15                   Nutritional

98.15.1       

98.16                   General Discussion

98.16.1       

---

 

99      PSOAS

Back Table of Contents References

 

99.1 Testing Position

99.1.1             

99.2 Patient Fixation Requirements

99.2.1             

99.3 Stabilization

99.3.1             

99.4 Test

99.4.1             

99.5 Pressure

99.5.1             

99.6 Weakness

99.6.1             

99.7 Shortness

99.7.1             

99.8 Body Language of Weakness

99.8.1            Testing Position

99.8.1.1      

99.8.2            During Test

99.8.2.1      

99.8.3            Movement aberrations

99.8.3.1      

99.8.4            Postural Imbalance

99.8.4.1      

99.9 Alternate Testing Method

99.9.1             

99.10                   Graphic Illustration

99.10.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

99.11                   Video Demonstration

99.11.1      INTERTRANSVERSARII

99.12    Organ Reflexes

99.12.1      None

99.12.2      Illustrations

99.13                   Meridian Association

99.13.1       

99.14                   Reactive Muscle Correlation

99.14.1       

99.15                   Nutritional

99.15.1       

99.16                   General Discussion

99.16.1       

---

100                     PYRAMIDALIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

100.1                   Testing Position

100.1.1       

100.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

100.2.1       

100.3                   Stabilization

100.3.1       

100.4                   Test

100.4.1       

100.5                   Pressure

100.5.1       

100.6                   Weakness

100.6.1       

100.7                   Shortness

100.7.1       

100.8                   Body Language of Weakness

100.8.1      Testing Position

100.8.1.1  

100.8.2      During Test

100.8.2.1  

100.8.3      Movement aberrations

100.8.3.1  

100.8.4      Postural Imbalance

100.8.4.1  

100.9                   Alternate Testing Method

100.9.1       

100.10            Graphic Illustration

100.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

100.11            Video Demonstration

100.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

100.12                      Organ Reflexes

100.12.1 None

100.12.2 Illustrations

100.13            Meridian Association

100.13.1  

100.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

100.14.1  

100.15            Nutritional

100.15.1  

100.16            General Discussion

100.16.1  

---

101                     QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GENERAL

Back Table of Contents References

 

101.1                   Testing Position

101.1.1       

101.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

101.2.1       

101.3                   Stabilization

101.3.1       

101.4                   Test

101.4.1       

101.5                   Pressure

101.5.1       

101.6                   Weakness

101.6.1       

101.7                   Shortness

101.7.1       

101.8                   Body Language of Weakness

101.8.1      Testing Position

101.8.1.1  

101.8.2      During Test

101.8.2.1  

101.8.3      Movement aberrations

101.8.3.1  

101.8.4      Postural Imbalance

101.8.4.1  

101.9                   Alternate Testing Method

101.9.1       

101.10            Graphic Illustration

101.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

101.11            Video Demonstration

101.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

101.12                      Organ Reflexes

101.12.1 None

101.12.2 Illustrations

101.13            Meridian Association

101.13.1  

101.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

101.14.1  

101.15            Nutritional

101.15.1  

101.16            General Discussion

101.16.1  

---

 

102                     QUADRATUS LUMBORUM

Back Table of Contents References

 

102.1                   Testing Position

102.1.1       

102.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

102.2.1       

102.3                   Stabilization

102.3.1       

102.4                   Test

102.4.1       

102.5                   Pressure

102.5.1       

102.6                   Weakness

102.6.1       

102.7                   Shortness

102.7.1       

102.8                   Body Language of Weakness

102.8.1      Testing Position

102.8.1.1  

102.8.2      During Test

102.8.2.1  

102.8.3      Movement aberrations

102.8.3.1  

102.8.4      Postural Imbalance

102.8.4.1  

102.9                   Alternate Testing Method

102.9.1       

102.10            Graphic Illustration

102.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

102.11            Video Demonstration

102.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

102.12                      Organ Reflexes

102.12.1 None

102.12.2 Illustrations

102.13            Meridian Association

102.13.1  

102.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

102.14.1  

102.15            Nutritional

102.15.1  

102.16            General Discussion

102.16.1  

---

103                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

103.1                   Testing Position

103.1.1       

103.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

103.2.1       

103.3                   Stabilization

103.3.1       

103.4                   Test

103.4.1       

103.5                   Pressure

103.5.1       

103.6                   Weakness

103.6.1       

103.7                   Shortness

103.7.1       

103.8                   Body Language of Weakness

103.8.1      Testing Position

103.8.1.1  

103.8.2      During Test

103.8.2.1  

103.8.3      Movement aberrations

103.8.3.1  

103.8.4      Postural Imbalance

103.8.4.1  

103.9                   Alternate Testing Method

103.9.1       

103.10            Graphic Illustration

103.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

103.11            Video Demonstration

103.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

103.12                      Organ Reflexes

103.12.1 None

103.12.2 Illustrations

103.13            Meridian Association

103.13.1  

103.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

103.14.1  

103.15            Nutritional

103.15.1  

103.16            General Discussion

103.16.1  

---

104                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FIRST DIVISION)

Back Table of Contents References

 

104.1                   Testing Position

104.1.1       

104.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

104.2.1       

104.3                   Stabilization

104.3.1       

104.4                   Test

104.4.1       

104.5                   Pressure

104.5.1       

104.6                   Weakness

104.6.1       

104.7                   Shortness

104.7.1       

104.8                   Body Language of Weakness

104.8.1      Testing Position

104.8.1.1  

104.8.2      During Test

104.8.2.1  

104.8.3      Movement aberrations

104.8.3.1  

104.8.4      Postural Imbalance

104.8.4.1  

104.9                   Alternate Testing Method

104.9.1       

104.10            Graphic Illustration

104.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

104.11            Video Demonstration

104.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

104.12                      Organ Reflexes

104.12.1 None

104.12.2 Illustrations

104.13            Meridian Association

104.13.1  

104.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

104.14.1  

104.15            Nutritional

104.15.1  

104.16            General Discussion

104.16.1  

---

105                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (SECOND DIVISION)

Back Table of Contents References

 

105.1                   Testing Position

105.1.1       

105.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

105.2.1       

105.3                   Stabilization

105.3.1       

105.4                   Test

105.4.1       

105.5                   Pressure

105.5.1       

105.6                   Weakness

105.6.1       

105.7                   Shortness

105.7.1       

105.8                   Body Language of Weakness

105.8.1      Testing Position

105.8.1.1  

105.8.2      During Test

105.8.2.1  

105.8.3      Movement aberrations

105.8.3.1  

105.8.4      Postural Imbalance

105.8.4.1  

105.9                   Alternate Testing Method

105.9.1       

105.10            Graphic Illustration

105.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

105.11            Video Demonstration

105.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

105.12                      Organ Reflexes

105.12.1 None

105.12.2 Illustrations

105.13            Meridian Association

105.13.1  

105.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

105.14.1  

105.15            Nutritional

105.15.1  

105.16            General Discussion

105.16.1  

---

106                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (THIRD DIVISION)

Back Table of Contents References

 

106.1                   Testing Position

106.1.1       

106.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

106.2.1       

106.3                   Stabilization

106.3.1       

106.4                   Test

106.4.1       

106.5                   Pressure

106.5.1       

106.6                   Weakness

106.6.1       

106.7                   Shortness

106.7.1       

106.8                   Body Language of Weakness

106.8.1      Testing Position

106.8.1.1  

106.8.2      During Test

106.8.2.1  

106.8.3      Movement aberrations

106.8.3.1  

106.8.4      Postural Imbalance

106.8.4.1  

106.9                   Alternate Testing Method

106.9.1       

106.10            Graphic Illustration

106.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

106.11            Video Demonstration

106.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

106.12                      Organ Reflexes

106.12.1 None

106.12.2 Illustrations

106.13            Meridian Association

106.13.1  

106.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

106.14.1  

106.15            Nutritional

106.15.1  

106.16            General Discussion

106.16.1  

---

107                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION LATERAL)

Back Table of Contents References

 

107.1                   Testing Position

107.1.1       

107.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

107.2.1       

107.3                   Stabilization

107.3.1       

107.4                   Test

107.4.1       

107.5                   Pressure

107.5.1       

107.6                   Weakness

107.6.1       

107.7                   Shortness

107.7.1       

107.8                   Body Language of Weakness

107.8.1      Testing Position

107.8.1.1  

107.8.2      During Test

107.8.2.1  

107.8.3      Movement aberrations

107.8.3.1  

107.8.4      Postural Imbalance

107.8.4.1  

107.9                   Alternate Testing Method

107.9.1       

107.10            Graphic Illustration

107.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

107.11            Video Demonstration

107.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

107.12                      Organ Reflexes

107.12.1 None

107.12.2 Illustrations

107.13            Meridian Association

107.13.1  

107.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

107.14.1  

107.15            Nutritional

107.15.1  

107.16            General Discussion

107.16.1  

---

108                     RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION MEDIAL)

Back Table of Contents References

 

108.1                   Testing Position

108.1.1       

108.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

108.2.1       

108.3                   Stabilization

108.3.1       

108.4                   Test

108.4.1       

108.5                   Pressure

108.5.1       

108.6                   Weakness

108.6.1       

108.7                   Shortness

108.7.1       

108.8                   Body Language of Weakness

108.8.1      Testing Position

108.8.1.1  

108.8.2      During Test

108.8.2.1  

108.8.3      Movement aberrations

108.8.3.1  

108.8.4      Postural Imbalance

108.8.4.1  

108.9                   Alternate Testing Method

108.9.1       

108.10            Graphic Illustration

108.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

108.11            Video Demonstration

108.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

108.12                      Organ Reflexes

108.12.1 None

108.12.2 Illustrations

108.13            Meridian Association

108.13.1  

108.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

108.14.1  

108.15            Nutritional

108.15.1  

108.16            General Discussion

108.16.1  

---

109                     RECTUS FEMORIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS)

Back Table of Contents References

 

109.1                   Testing Position

109.1.1       

109.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

109.2.1       

109.3                   Stabilization

109.3.1       

109.4                   Test

109.4.1       

109.5                   Pressure

109.5.1       

109.6                   Weakness

109.6.1       

109.7                   Shortness

109.7.1       

109.8                   Body Language of Weakness

109.8.1      Testing Position

109.8.1.1  

109.8.2      During Test

109.8.2.1  

109.8.3      Movement aberrations

109.8.3.1  

109.8.4      Postural Imbalance

109.8.4.1  

109.9                   Alternate Testing Method

109.9.1       

109.10            Graphic Illustration

109.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

109.11            Video Demonstration

109.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

109.12                      Organ Reflexes

109.12.1 None

109.12.2 Illustrations

109.13            Meridian Association

109.13.1  

109.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

109.14.1  

109.15            Nutritional

109.15.1  

109.16            General Discussion

109.16.1  

---

110                     RHOMBOID, LEVATOR SCAPULAE, & TRAPEZIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

110.1                   Testing Position

110.1.1       

110.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

110.2.1       

110.3                   Stabilization

110.3.1       

110.4                   Test

110.4.1       

110.5                   Pressure

110.5.1       

110.6                   Weakness

110.6.1       

110.7                   Shortness

110.7.1       

110.8                   Body Language of Weakness

110.8.1      Testing Position

110.8.1.1  

110.8.2      During Test

110.8.2.1  

110.8.3      Movement aberrations

110.8.3.1  

110.8.4      Postural Imbalance

110.8.4.1  

110.9                   Alternate Testing Method

110.9.1       

110.10            Graphic Illustration

110.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

110.11            Video Demonstration

110.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

110.12                      Organ Reflexes

110.12.1 None

110.12.2 Illustrations

110.13            Meridian Association

110.13.1  

110.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

110.14.1  

110.15            Nutritional

110.15.1  

110.16            General Discussion

110.16.1  

---

 

111                     RHOMBOID MAJOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

111.1                   Testing Position

111.1.1       

111.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

111.2.1       

111.3                   Stabilization

111.3.1       

111.4                   Test

111.4.1       

111.5                   Pressure

111.5.1       

111.6                   Weakness

111.6.1       

111.7                   Shortness

111.7.1       

111.8                   Body Language of Weakness

111.8.1      Testing Position

111.8.1.1  

111.8.2      During Test

111.8.2.1  

111.8.3      Movement aberrations

111.8.3.1  

111.8.4      Postural Imbalance

111.8.4.1  

111.9                   Alternate Testing Method

111.9.1       

111.10            Graphic Illustration

111.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

111.11            Video Demonstration

111.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

111.12                      Organ Reflexes

111.12.1 None

111.12.2 Illustrations

111.13            Meridian Association

111.13.1  

111.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

111.14.1  

111.15            Nutritional

111.15.1  

111.16            General Discussion

111.16.1  

---

112                     RHOMBOID MINOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

112.1                   Testing Position

112.1.1       

112.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

112.2.1       

112.3                   Stabilization

112.3.1       

112.4                   Test

112.4.1       

112.5                   Pressure

112.5.1       

112.6                   Weakness

112.6.1       

112.7                   Shortness

112.7.1       

112.8                   Body Language of Weakness

112.8.1      Testing Position

112.8.1.1  

112.8.2      During Test

112.8.2.1  

112.8.3      Movement aberrations

112.8.3.1  

112.8.4      Postural Imbalance

112.8.4.1  

112.9                   Alternate Testing Method

112.9.1       

112.10            Graphic Illustration

112.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

112.11            Video Demonstration

112.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

112.12                      Organ Reflexes

112.12.1 None

112.12.2 Illustrations

112.13            Meridian Association

112.13.1  

112.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

112.14.1  

112.15            Nutritional

112.15.1  

112.16            General Discussion

112.16.1  

---

113                     SARTORIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

113.1                   Testing Position

113.1.1       

113.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

113.2.1       

113.3                   Stabilization

113.3.1       

113.4                   Test

113.4.1       

113.5                   Pressure

113.5.1       

113.6                   Weakness

113.6.1       

113.7                   Shortness

113.7.1       

113.8                   Body Language of Weakness

113.8.1      Testing Position

113.8.1.1  

113.8.2      During Test

113.8.2.1  

113.8.3      Movement aberrations

113.8.3.1  

113.8.4      Postural Imbalance

113.8.4.1  

113.9                   Alternate Testing Method

113.9.1       

113.10            Graphic Illustration

113.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

113.11            Video Demonstration

113.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

113.12                      Organ Reflexes

113.12.1 None

113.12.2 Illustrations

113.13            Meridian Association

113.13.1  

113.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

113.14.1  

113.15            Nutritional

113.15.1  

113.16            General Discussion

113.16.1  

---

114                     SCALENUS ANTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

114.1                   Testing Position

114.1.1       

114.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

114.2.1       

114.3                   Stabilization

114.3.1       

114.4                   Test

114.4.1       

114.5                   Pressure

114.5.1       

114.6                   Weakness

114.6.1       

114.7                   Shortness

114.7.1       

114.8                   Body Language of Weakness

114.8.1      Testing Position

114.8.1.1  

114.8.2      During Test

114.8.2.1  

114.8.3      Movement aberrations

114.8.3.1  

114.8.4      Postural Imbalance

114.8.4.1  

114.9                   Alternate Testing Method

114.9.1       

114.10            Graphic Illustration

114.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

114.11            Video Demonstration

114.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

114.12                      Organ Reflexes

114.12.1 None

114.12.2 Illustrations

114.13            Meridian Association

114.13.1  

114.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

114.14.1  

114.15            Nutritional

114.15.1  

114.16            General Discussion

114.16.1  

---

115                     SCALENUS MEDIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

115.1                   Testing Position

115.1.1       

115.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

115.2.1       

115.3                   Stabilization

115.3.1       

115.4                   Test

115.4.1       

115.5                   Pressure

115.5.1       

115.6                   Weakness

115.6.1       

115.7                   Shortness

115.7.1       

115.8                   Body Language of Weakness

115.8.1      Testing Position

115.8.1.1  

115.8.2      During Test

115.8.2.1  

115.8.3      Movement aberrations

115.8.3.1  

115.8.4      Postural Imbalance

115.8.4.1  

115.9                   Alternate Testing Method

115.9.1       

115.10            Graphic Illustration

115.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

115.11            Video Demonstration

115.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

115.12                      Organ Reflexes

115.12.1 None

115.12.2 Illustrations

115.13            Meridian Association

115.13.1  

115.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

115.14.1  

115.15            Nutritional

115.15.1  

115.16            General Discussion

115.16.1  

---

116                     SCALENUS POSTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

116.1                   Testing Position

116.1.1       

116.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

116.2.1       

116.3                   Stabilization

116.3.1       

116.4                   Test

116.4.1       

116.5                   Pressure

116.5.1       

116.6                   Weakness

116.6.1       

116.7                   Shortness

116.7.1       

116.8                   Body Language of Weakness

116.8.1      Testing Position

116.8.1.1  

116.8.2      During Test

116.8.2.1  

116.8.3      Movement aberrations

116.8.3.1  

116.8.4      Postural Imbalance

116.8.4.1  

116.9                   Alternate Testing Method

116.9.1       

116.10            Graphic Illustration

116.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

116.11            Video Demonstration

116.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

116.12                      Organ Reflexes

116.12.1 None

116.12.2 Illustrations

116.13            Meridian Association

116.13.1  

116.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

116.14.1  

116.15            Nutritional

116.15.1  

116.16            General Discussion

116.16.1  

---

117                     SEMIMEMBRANOSUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

117.1                   Testing Position

117.1.1       

117.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

117.2.1       

117.3                   Stabilization

117.3.1       

117.4                   Test

117.4.1       

117.5                   Pressure

117.5.1       

117.6                   Weakness

117.6.1       

117.7                   Shortness

117.7.1       

117.8                   Body Language of Weakness

117.8.1      Testing Position

117.8.1.1  

117.8.2      During Test

117.8.2.1  

117.8.3      Movement aberrations

117.8.3.1  

117.8.4      Postural Imbalance

117.8.4.1  

117.9                   Alternate Testing Method

117.9.1       

117.10            Graphic Illustration

117.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

117.11            Video Demonstration

117.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

117.12                      Organ Reflexes

117.12.1 None

117.12.2 Illustrations

117.13            Meridian Association

117.13.1  

117.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

117.14.1  

117.15            Nutritional

117.15.1  

117.16            General Discussion

117.16.1  

---

118                     SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

118.1                   Testing Position

118.1.1       

118.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

118.2.1       

118.3                   Stabilization

118.3.1       

118.4                   Test

118.4.1       

118.5                   Pressure

118.5.1       

118.6                   Weakness

118.6.1       

118.7                   Shortness

118.7.1       

118.8                   Body Language of Weakness

118.8.1      Testing Position

118.8.1.1  

118.8.2      During Test

118.8.2.1  

118.8.3      Movement aberrations

118.8.3.1  

118.8.4      Postural Imbalance

118.8.4.1  

118.9                   Alternate Testing Method

118.9.1       

118.10            Graphic Illustration

118.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

118.11            Video Demonstration

118.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

118.12                      Organ Reflexes

118.12.1 None

118.12.2 Illustrations

118.13            Meridian Association

118.13.1  

118.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

118.14.1  

118.15            Nutritional

118.15.1  

118.16            General Discussion

118.16.1  

---

119                     SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

119.1                   Testing Position

119.1.1       

119.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

119.2.1       

119.3                   Stabilization

119.3.1       

119.4                   Test

119.4.1       

119.5                   Pressure

119.5.1       

119.6                   Weakness

119.6.1       

119.7                   Shortness

119.7.1       

119.8                   Body Language of Weakness

119.8.1      Testing Position

119.8.1.1  

119.8.2      During Test

119.8.2.1  

119.8.3      Movement aberrations

119.8.3.1  

119.8.4      Postural Imbalance

119.8.4.1  

119.9                   Alternate Testing Method

119.9.1       

119.10            Graphic Illustration

119.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

119.11            Video Demonstration

119.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

119.12                      Organ Reflexes

119.12.1 None

119.12.2 Illustrations

119.13            Meridian Association

119.13.1  

119.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

119.14.1  

119.15            Nutritional

119.15.1  

119.16            General Discussion

119.16.1  

---

120                     SEMISPINALIS THORACIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

120.1                   Testing Position

120.1.1       

120.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

120.2.1       

120.3                   Stabilization

120.3.1       

120.4                   Test

120.4.1       

120.5                   Pressure

120.5.1       

120.6                   Weakness

120.6.1       

120.7                   Shortness

120.7.1       

120.8                   Body Language of Weakness

120.8.1      Testing Position

120.8.1.1  

120.8.2      During Test

120.8.2.1  

120.8.3      Movement aberrations

120.8.3.1  

120.8.4      Postural Imbalance

120.8.4.1  

120.9                   Alternate Testing Method

120.9.1       

120.10            Graphic Illustration

120.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

120.11            Video Demonstration

120.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

120.12                      Organ Reflexes

120.12.1 None

120.12.2 Illustrations

120.13            Meridian Association

120.13.1  

120.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

120.14.1  

120.15            Nutritional

120.15.1  

120.16            General Discussion

120.16.1  

---

121                     SEMITENDINOSUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

121.1                   Testing Position

121.1.1       

121.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

121.2.1       

121.3                   Stabilization

121.3.1       

121.4                   Test

121.4.1       

121.5                   Pressure

121.5.1       

121.6                   Weakness

121.6.1       

121.7                   Shortness

121.7.1       

121.8                   Body Language of Weakness

121.8.1      Testing Position

121.8.1.1  

121.8.2      During Test

121.8.2.1  

121.8.3      Movement aberrations

121.8.3.1  

121.8.4      Postural Imbalance

121.8.4.1  

121.9                   Alternate Testing Method

121.9.1       

121.10            Graphic Illustration

121.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

121.11            Video Demonstration

121.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

121.12                      Organ Reflexes

121.12.1 None

121.12.2 Illustrations

121.13            Meridian Association

121.13.1  

121.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

121.14.1  

121.15            Nutritional

121.15.1  

121.16            General Discussion

121.16.1  

---

122                     SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

122.1                   Testing Position

122.1.1       

122.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

122.2.1       

122.3                   Stabilization

122.3.1       

122.4                   Test

122.4.1       

122.5                   Pressure

122.5.1       

122.6                   Weakness

122.6.1       

122.7                   Shortness

122.7.1       

122.8                   Body Language of Weakness

122.8.1      Testing Position

122.8.1.1  

122.8.2      During Test

122.8.2.1  

122.8.3      Movement aberrations

122.8.3.1  

122.8.4      Postural Imbalance

122.8.4.1  

122.9                   Alternate Testing Method

122.9.1       

122.10            Graphic Illustration

122.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

122.11            Video Demonstration

122.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

122.12                      Organ Reflexes

122.12.1 None

122.12.2 Illustrations

122.13            Meridian Association

122.13.1  

122.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

122.14.1  

122.15            Nutritional

122.15.1  

122.16            General Discussion

122.16.1  

---

123                     SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

123.1                   Testing Position

123.1.1       

123.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

123.2.1       

123.3                   Stabilization

123.3.1       

123.4                   Test

123.4.1       

123.5                   Pressure

123.5.1       

123.6                   Weakness

123.6.1       

123.7                   Shortness

123.7.1       

123.8                   Body Language of Weakness

123.8.1      Testing Position

123.8.1.1  

123.8.2      During Test

123.8.2.1  

123.8.3      Movement aberrations

123.8.3.1  

123.8.4      Postural Imbalance

123.8.4.1  

123.9                   Alternate Testing Method

123.9.1       

123.10            Graphic Illustration

123.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

123.11            Video Demonstration

123.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

123.12                      Organ Reflexes

123.12.1 None

123.12.2 Illustrations

123.13            Meridian Association

123.13.1  

123.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

123.14.1  

123.15            Nutritional

123.15.1  

123.16            General Discussion

123.16.1  

---

124                     SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

124.1                   Testing Position

124.1.1       

124.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

124.2.1       

124.3                   Stabilization

124.3.1       

124.4                   Test

124.4.1       

124.5                   Pressure

124.5.1       

124.6                   Weakness

124.6.1       

124.7                   Shortness

124.7.1       

124.8                   Body Language of Weakness

124.8.1      Testing Position

124.8.1.1  

124.8.2      During Test

124.8.2.1  

124.8.3      Movement aberrations

124.8.3.1  

124.8.4      Postural Imbalance

124.8.4.1  

124.9                   Alternate Testing Method

124.9.1       

124.10            Graphic Illustration

124.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

124.11            Video Demonstration

124.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

124.12                      Organ Reflexes

124.12.1 None

124.12.2 Illustrations

124.13            Meridian Association

124.13.1  

124.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

124.14.1  

124.15            Nutritional

124.15.1  

124.16            General Discussion

124.16.1  

---

125                     SHOULDER MEDIAL ROTATORS

Back Table of Contents References

 

125.1                   Testing Position

125.1.1       

125.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

125.2.1       

125.3                   Stabilization

125.3.1       

125.4                   Test

125.4.1       

125.5                   Pressure

125.5.1       

125.6                   Weakness

125.6.1       

125.7                   Shortness

125.7.1       

125.8                   Body Language of Weakness

125.8.1      Testing Position

125.8.1.1  

125.8.2      During Test

125.8.2.1  

125.8.3      Movement aberrations

125.8.3.1  

125.8.4      Postural Imbalance

125.8.4.1  

125.9                   Alternate Testing Method

125.9.1       

125.10            Graphic Illustration

125.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

125.11            Video Demonstration

125.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

125.12                      Organ Reflexes

125.12.1 None

125.12.2 Illustrations

125.13            Meridian Association

125.13.1  

125.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

125.14.1  

125.15            Nutritional

125.15.1  

125.16            General Discussion

125.16.1  

---

126                     SHOULDER LATERAL ROTATORS

Back Table of Contents References

 

126.1                   Testing Position

126.1.1       

126.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

126.2.1       

126.3                   Stabilization

126.3.1       

126.4                   Test

126.4.1       

126.5                   Pressure

126.5.1       

126.6                   Weakness

126.6.1       

126.7                   Shortness

126.7.1       

126.8                   Body Language of Weakness

126.8.1      Testing Position

126.8.1.1  

126.8.2      During Test

126.8.2.1  

126.8.3      Movement aberrations

126.8.3.1  

126.8.4      Postural Imbalance

126.8.4.1  

126.9                   Alternate Testing Method

126.9.1       

126.10            Graphic Illustration

126.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

126.11            Video Demonstration

126.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

126.12                      Organ Reflexes

126.12.1 None

126.12.2 Illustrations

126.13            Meridian Association

126.13.1  

126.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

126.14.1  

126.15            Nutritional

126.15.1  

126.16            General Discussion

126.16.1  

---

 

127                     SOLEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

127.1                   Testing Position

127.1.1       

127.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

127.2.1       

127.3                   Stabilization

127.3.1       

127.4                   Test

127.4.1       

127.5                   Pressure

127.5.1       

127.6                   Weakness

127.6.1       

127.7                   Shortness

127.7.1       

127.8                   Body Language of Weakness

127.8.1      Testing Position

127.8.1.1  

127.8.2      During Test

127.8.2.1  

127.8.3      Movement aberrations

127.8.3.1  

127.8.4      Postural Imbalance

127.8.4.1  

127.9                   Alternate Testing Method

127.9.1       

127.10            Graphic Illustration

127.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

127.11            Video Demonstration

127.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

127.12                      Organ Reflexes

127.12.1 None

127.12.2 Illustrations

127.13            Meridian Association

127.13.1  

127.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

127.14.1  

127.15            Nutritional

127.15.1  

127.16            General Discussion

127.16.1  

---

128                     SPINALIS CAPITIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

128.1                   Testing Position

128.1.1       

128.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

128.2.1       

128.3                   Stabilization

128.3.1       

128.4                   Test

128.4.1       

128.5                   Pressure

128.5.1       

128.6                   Weakness

128.6.1       

128.7                   Shortness

128.7.1       

128.8                   Body Language of Weakness

128.8.1      Testing Position

128.8.1.1  

128.8.2      During Test

128.8.2.1  

128.8.3      Movement aberrations

128.8.3.1  

128.8.4      Postural Imbalance

128.8.4.1  

128.9                   Alternate Testing Method

128.9.1       

128.10            Graphic Illustration

128.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

128.11            Video Demonstration

128.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

128.12                      Organ Reflexes

128.12.1 None

128.12.2 Illustrations

128.13            Meridian Association

128.13.1  

128.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

128.14.1  

128.15            Nutritional

128.15.1  

128.16            General Discussion

128.16.1  

---

129                     SPINALIS CERVICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

129.1                   Testing Position

129.1.1       

129.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

129.2.1       

129.3                   Stabilization

129.3.1       

129.4                   Test

129.4.1       

129.5                   Pressure

129.5.1       

129.6                   Weakness

129.6.1       

129.7                   Shortness

129.7.1       

129.8                   Body Language of Weakness

129.8.1      Testing Position

129.8.1.1  

129.8.2      During Test

129.8.2.1  

129.8.3      Movement aberrations

129.8.3.1  

129.8.4      Postural Imbalance

129.8.4.1  

129.9                   Alternate Testing Method

129.9.1       

129.10            Graphic Illustration

129.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

129.11            Video Demonstration

129.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

129.12                      Organ Reflexes

129.12.1 None

129.12.2 Illustrations

129.13            Meridian Association

129.13.1  

129.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

129.14.1  

129.15            Nutritional

129.15.1  

129.16            General Discussion

129.16.1  

---

130                     SPINALIS THORACIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

130.1                   Testing Position

130.1.1       

130.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

130.2.1       

130.3                   Stabilization

130.3.1       

130.4                   Test

130.4.1       

130.5                   Pressure

130.5.1       

130.6                   Weakness

130.6.1       

130.7                   Shortness

130.7.1       

130.8                   Body Language of Weakness

130.8.1      Testing Position

130.8.1.1  

130.8.2      During Test

130.8.2.1  

130.8.3      Movement aberrations

130.8.3.1  

130.8.4      Postural Imbalance

130.8.4.1  

130.9                   Alternate Testing Method

130.9.1       

130.10            Graphic Illustration

130.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

130.11            Video Demonstration

130.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

130.12                      Organ Reflexes

130.12.1 None

130.12.2 Illustrations

130.13            Meridian Association

130.13.1  

130.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

130.14.1  

130.15            Nutritional

130.15.1  

130.16            General Discussion

130.16.1  

---

131                     SPLENIUS CAPITIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

131.1                   Testing Position

131.1.1       

131.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

131.2.1       

131.3                   Stabilization

131.3.1       

131.4                   Test

131.4.1       

131.5                   Pressure

131.5.1       

131.6                   Weakness

131.6.1       

131.7                   Shortness

131.7.1       

131.8                   Body Language of Weakness

131.8.1      Testing Position

131.8.1.1  

131.8.2      During Test

131.8.2.1  

131.8.3      Movement aberrations

131.8.3.1  

131.8.4      Postural Imbalance

131.8.4.1  

131.9                   Alternate Testing Method

131.9.1       

131.10            Graphic Illustration

131.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

131.11            Video Demonstration

131.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

131.12                      Organ Reflexes

131.12.1 None

131.12.2 Illustrations

131.13            Meridian Association

131.13.1  

131.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

131.14.1  

131.15            Nutritional

131.15.1  

131.16            General Discussion

131.16.1  

---

132                     SPLENIUS CERVICIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

132.1                   Testing Position

132.1.1       

132.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

132.2.1       

132.3                   Stabilization

132.3.1       

132.4                   Test

132.4.1       

132.5                   Pressure

132.5.1       

132.6                   Weakness

132.6.1       

132.7                   Shortness

132.7.1       

132.8                   Body Language of Weakness

132.8.1      Testing Position

132.8.1.1  

132.8.2      During Test

132.8.2.1  

132.8.3      Movement aberrations

132.8.3.1  

132.8.4      Postural Imbalance

132.8.4.1  

132.9                   Alternate Testing Method

132.9.1       

132.10            Graphic Illustration

132.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

132.11            Video Demonstration

132.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

132.12                      Organ Reflexes

132.12.1 None

132.12.2 Illustrations

132.13            Meridian Association

132.13.1  

132.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

132.14.1  

132.15            Nutritional

132.15.1  

132.16            General Discussion

132.16.1  

---

133                     STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

Back Table of Contents References

 

133.1                   Testing Position

133.1.1       

133.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

133.2.1       

133.3                   Stabilization

133.3.1       

133.4                   Test

133.4.1       

133.5                   Pressure

133.5.1       

133.6                   Weakness

133.6.1       

133.7                   Shortness

133.7.1       

133.8                   Body Language of Weakness

133.8.1      Testing Position

133.8.1.1  

133.8.2      During Test

133.8.2.1  

133.8.3      Movement aberrations

133.8.3.1  

133.8.4      Postural Imbalance

133.8.4.1  

133.9                   Alternate Testing Method

133.9.1       

133.10            Graphic Illustration

133.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

133.11            Video Demonstration

133.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

133.12                      Organ Reflexes

133.12.1 None

133.12.2 Illustrations

133.13            Meridian Association

133.13.1  

133.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

133.14.1  

133.15            Nutritional

133.15.1  

133.16            General Discussion

133.16.1  

---

134                     SUBCLAVIUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

134.1                   Testing Position

134.1.1       

134.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

134.2.1       

134.3                   Stabilization

134.3.1       

134.4                   Test

134.4.1       

134.5                   Pressure

134.5.1       

134.6                   Weakness

134.6.1       

134.7                   Shortness

134.7.1       

134.8                   Body Language of Weakness

134.8.1      Testing Position

134.8.1.1  

134.8.2      During Test

134.8.2.1  

134.8.3      Movement aberrations

134.8.3.1  

134.8.4      Postural Imbalance

134.8.4.1  

134.9                   Alternate Testing Method

134.9.1       

134.10            Graphic Illustration

134.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

134.11            Video Demonstration

134.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

134.12                      Organ Reflexes

134.12.1 None

134.12.2 Illustrations

134.13            Meridian Association

134.13.1  

134.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

134.14.1  

134.15            Nutritional

134.15.1  

134.16            General Discussion

134.16.1  

---

135                     SUBSCAPULARIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

135.1                   Testing Position

135.1.1       

135.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

135.2.1       

135.3                   Stabilization

135.3.1       

135.4                   Test

135.4.1       

135.5                   Pressure

135.5.1       

135.6                   Weakness

135.6.1       

135.7                   Shortness

135.7.1       

135.8                   Body Language of Weakness

135.8.1      Testing Position

135.8.1.1  

135.8.2      During Test

135.8.2.1  

135.8.3      Movement aberrations

135.8.3.1  

135.8.4      Postural Imbalance

135.8.4.1  

135.9                   Alternate Testing Method

135.9.1       

135.10            Graphic Illustration

135.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

135.11            Video Demonstration

135.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

135.12                      Organ Reflexes

135.12.1 None

135.12.2 Illustrations

135.13            Meridian Association

135.13.1  

135.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

135.14.1  

135.15            Nutritional

135.15.1  

135.16            General Discussion

135.16.1  

---

136                     SUPINATOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

136.1                   Testing Position

136.1.1       

136.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

136.2.1       

136.3                   Stabilization

136.3.1       

136.4                   Test

136.4.1       

136.5                   Pressure

136.5.1       

136.6                   Weakness

136.6.1       

136.7                   Shortness

136.7.1       

136.8                   Body Language of Weakness

136.8.1      Testing Position

136.8.1.1  

136.8.2      During Test

136.8.2.1  

136.8.3      Movement aberrations

136.8.3.1  

136.8.4      Postural Imbalance

136.8.4.1  

136.9                   Alternate Testing Method

136.9.1       

136.10            Graphic Illustration

136.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

136.11            Video Demonstration

136.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

136.12                      Organ Reflexes

136.12.1 None

136.12.2 Illustrations

136.13            Meridian Association

136.13.1  

136.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

136.14.1  

136.15            Nutritional

136.15.1  

136.16            General Discussion

136.16.1  

---

137                     SUPINATOR & BICEPS

Back Table of Contents References

 

137.1                   Testing Position

137.1.1       

137.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

137.2.1       

137.3                   Stabilization

137.3.1       

137.4                   Test

137.4.1       

137.5                   Pressure

137.5.1       

137.6                   Weakness

137.6.1       

137.7                   Shortness

137.7.1       

137.8                   Body Language of Weakness

137.8.1      Testing Position

137.8.1.1  

137.8.2      During Test

137.8.2.1  

137.8.3      Movement aberrations

137.8.3.1  

137.8.4      Postural Imbalance

137.8.4.1  

137.9                   Alternate Testing Method

137.9.1       

137.10            Graphic Illustration

137.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

137.11            Video Demonstration

137.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

137.12                      Organ Reflexes

137.12.1 None

137.12.2 Illustrations

137.13            Meridian Association

137.13.1  

137.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

137.14.1  

137.15            Nutritional

137.15.1  

137.16            General Discussion

137.16.1  

---

 

138                     SUPRASPINATUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

138.1                   Testing Position

138.1.1       

138.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

138.2.1       

138.3                   Stabilization

138.3.1       

138.4                   Test

138.4.1       

138.5                   Pressure

138.5.1       

138.6                   Weakness

138.6.1       

138.7                   Shortness

138.7.1       

138.8                   Body Language of Weakness

138.8.1      Testing Position

138.8.1.1  

138.8.2      During Test

138.8.2.1  

138.8.3      Movement aberrations

138.8.3.1  

138.8.4      Postural Imbalance

138.8.4.1  

138.9                   Alternate Testing Method

138.9.1       

138.10            Graphic Illustration

138.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

138.11            Video Demonstration

138.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

138.12                      Organ Reflexes

138.12.1 None

138.12.2 Illustrations

138.13            Meridian Association

138.13.1  

138.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

138.14.1  

138.15            Nutritional

138.15.1  

138.16            General Discussion

138.16.1  

---

139                     SUPRASPINATUS & MIDDLE DELTOID

Back Table of Contents References

 

139.1                   Testing Position

139.1.1       

139.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

139.2.1       

139.3                   Stabilization

139.3.1       

139.4                   Test

139.4.1       

139.5                   Pressure

139.5.1       

139.6                   Weakness

139.6.1       

139.7                   Shortness

139.7.1       

139.8                   Body Language of Weakness

139.8.1      Testing Position

139.8.1.1  

139.8.2      During Test

139.8.2.1  

139.8.3      Movement aberrations

139.8.3.1  

139.8.4      Postural Imbalance

139.8.4.1  

139.9                   Alternate Testing Method

139.9.1       

139.10            Graphic Illustration

139.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

139.11            Video Demonstration

139.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

139.12                      Organ Reflexes

139.12.1 None

139.12.2 Illustrations

139.13            Meridian Association

139.13.1  

139.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

139.14.1  

139.15            Nutritional

139.15.1  

139.16            General Discussion

139.16.1  

---

 

140                     TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE

Back Table of Contents References

 

140.1                   Testing Position

140.1.1       

140.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

140.2.1       

140.3                   Stabilization

140.3.1       

140.4                   Test

140.4.1       

140.5                   Pressure

140.5.1       

140.6                   Weakness

140.6.1       

140.7                   Shortness

140.7.1       

140.8                   Body Language of Weakness

140.8.1      Testing Position

140.8.1.1  

140.8.2      During Test

140.8.2.1  

140.8.3      Movement aberrations

140.8.3.1  

140.8.4      Postural Imbalance

140.8.4.1  

140.9                   Alternate Testing Method

140.9.1       

140.10            Graphic Illustration

140.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

140.11            Video Demonstration

140.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

140.12                      Organ Reflexes

140.12.1 None

140.12.2 Illustrations

140.13            Meridian Association

140.13.1  

140.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

140.14.1  

140.15            Nutritional

140.15.1  

140.16            General Discussion

140.16.1  

---

141                     TERES MAJOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

141.1                   Testing Position

141.1.1       

141.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

141.2.1       

141.3                   Stabilization

141.3.1       

141.4                   Test

141.4.1       

141.5                   Pressure

141.5.1       

141.6                   Weakness

141.6.1       

141.7                   Shortness

141.7.1       

141.8                   Body Language of Weakness

141.8.1      Testing Position

141.8.1.1  

141.8.2      During Test

141.8.2.1  

141.8.3      Movement aberrations

141.8.3.1  

141.8.4      Postural Imbalance

141.8.4.1  

141.9                   Alternate Testing Method

141.9.1       

141.10            Graphic Illustration

141.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

141.11            Video Demonstration

141.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

141.12                      Organ Reflexes

141.12.1 None

141.12.2 Illustrations

141.13            Meridian Association

141.13.1  

141.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

141.14.1  

141.15            Nutritional

141.15.1  

141.16            General Discussion

141.16.1  

---

142                     TERES MINOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

142.1                   Testing Position

142.1.1       

142.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

142.2.1       

142.3                   Stabilization

142.3.1       

142.4                   Test

142.4.1       

142.5                   Pressure

142.5.1       

142.6                   Weakness

142.6.1       

142.7                   Shortness

142.7.1       

142.8                   Body Language of Weakness

142.8.1      Testing Position

142.8.1.1  

142.8.2      During Test

142.8.2.1  

142.8.3      Movement aberrations

142.8.3.1  

142.8.4      Postural Imbalance

142.8.4.1  

142.9                   Alternate Testing Method

142.9.1       

142.10            Graphic Illustration

142.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

142.11            Video Demonstration

142.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

142.12                      Organ Reflexes

142.12.1 None

142.12.2 Illustrations

142.13            Meridian Association

142.13.1  

142.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

142.14.1  

142.15            Nutritional

142.15.1  

142.16            General Discussion

142.16.1  

---

143                     TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

143.1                   Testing Position

143.1.1       

143.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

143.2.1       

143.3                   Stabilization

143.3.1       

143.4                   Test

143.4.1       

143.5                   Pressure

143.5.1       

143.6                   Weakness

143.6.1       

143.7                   Shortness

143.7.1       

143.8                   Body Language of Weakness

143.8.1      Testing Position

143.8.1.1  

143.8.2      During Test

143.8.2.1  

143.8.3      Movement aberrations

143.8.3.1  

143.8.4      Postural Imbalance

143.8.4.1  

143.9                   Alternate Testing Method

143.9.1       

143.10            Graphic Illustration

143.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

143.11            Video Demonstration

143.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

143.12                      Organ Reflexes

143.12.1 None

143.12.2 Illustrations

143.13            Meridian Association

143.13.1  

143.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

143.14.1  

143.15            Nutritional

143.15.1  

143.16            General Discussion

143.16.1  

---

144                     TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

Back Table of Contents References

 

144.1                   Testing Position

144.1.1       

144.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

144.2.1       

144.3                   Stabilization

144.3.1       

144.4                   Test

144.4.1       

144.5                   Pressure

144.5.1       

144.6                   Weakness

144.6.1       

144.7                   Shortness

144.7.1       

144.8                   Body Language of Weakness

144.8.1      Testing Position

144.8.1.1  

144.8.2      During Test

144.8.2.1  

144.8.3      Movement aberrations

144.8.3.1  

144.8.4      Postural Imbalance

144.8.4.1  

144.9                   Alternate Testing Method

144.9.1       

144.10            Graphic Illustration

144.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

144.11            Video Demonstration

144.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

144.12                      Organ Reflexes

144.12.1 None

144.12.2 Illustrations

144.13            Meridian Association

144.13.1  

144.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

144.14.1  

144.15            Nutritional

144.15.1  

144.16            General Discussion

144.16.1  

---

145                     TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS

Back Table of Contents References

 

145.1                   Testing Position

145.1.1       

145.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

145.2.1       

145.3                   Stabilization

145.3.1       

145.4                   Test

145.4.1       

145.5                   Pressure

145.5.1       

145.6                   Weakness

145.6.1       

145.7                   Shortness

145.7.1       

145.8                   Body Language of Weakness

145.8.1      Testing Position

145.8.1.1  

145.8.2      During Test

145.8.2.1  

145.8.3      Movement aberrations

145.8.3.1  

145.8.4      Postural Imbalance

145.8.4.1  

145.9                   Alternate Testing Method

145.9.1       

145.10            Graphic Illustration

145.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

145.11            Video Demonstration

145.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

145.12                      Organ Reflexes

145.12.1 None

145.12.2 Illustrations

145.13            Meridian Association

145.13.1  

145.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

145.14.1  

145.15            Nutritional

145.15.1  

145.16            General Discussion

145.16.1  

---

146                     TRAPEZIUS LOWER

Back Table of Contents References

 

146.1                   Testing Position

146.1.1       

146.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

146.2.1       

146.3                   Stabilization

146.3.1       

146.4                   Test

146.4.1       

146.5                   Pressure

146.5.1       

146.6                   Weakness

146.6.1       

146.7                   Shortness

146.7.1       

146.8                   Body Language of Weakness

146.8.1      Testing Position

146.8.1.1  

146.8.2      During Test

146.8.2.1  

146.8.3      Movement aberrations

146.8.3.1  

146.8.4      Postural Imbalance

146.8.4.1  

146.9                   Alternate Testing Method

146.9.1       

146.10            Graphic Illustration

146.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

146.11            Video Demonstration

146.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

146.12                      Organ Reflexes

146.12.1 None

146.12.2 Illustrations

146.13            Meridian Association

146.13.1  

146.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

146.14.1  

146.15            Nutritional

146.15.1  

146.16            General Discussion

146.16.1  

---

147                     TRAPEZIUS MIDDLE

Back Table of Contents References

 

147.1                   Testing Position

147.1.1       

147.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

147.2.1       

147.3                   Stabilization

147.3.1       

147.4                   Test

147.4.1       

147.5                   Pressure

147.5.1       

147.6                   Weakness

147.6.1       

147.7                   Shortness

147.7.1       

147.8                   Body Language of Weakness

147.8.1      Testing Position

147.8.1.1  

147.8.2      During Test

147.8.2.1  

147.8.3      Movement aberrations

147.8.3.1  

147.8.4      Postural Imbalance

147.8.4.1  

147.9                   Alternate Testing Method

147.9.1       

147.10            Graphic Illustration

147.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

147.11            Video Demonstration

147.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

147.12                      Organ Reflexes

147.12.1 None

147.12.2 Illustrations

147.13            Meridian Association

147.13.1  

147.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

147.14.1  

147.15            Nutritional

147.15.1  

147.16            General Discussion

147.16.1  

---

148                     TRAPEZIUS UPPER

Back Table of Contents References

 

148.1                   Testing Position

148.1.1       

148.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

148.2.1       

148.3                   Stabilization

148.3.1       

148.4                   Test

148.4.1       

148.5                   Pressure

148.5.1       

148.6                   Weakness

148.6.1       

148.7                   Shortness

148.7.1       

148.8                   Body Language of Weakness

148.8.1      Testing Position

148.8.1.1  

148.8.2      During Test

148.8.2.1  

148.8.3      Movement aberrations

148.8.3.1  

148.8.4      Postural Imbalance

148.8.4.1  

148.9                   Alternate Testing Method

148.9.1       

148.10            Graphic Illustration

148.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

148.11            Video Demonstration

148.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

148.12                      Organ Reflexes

148.12.1 None

148.12.2 Illustrations

148.13            Meridian Association

148.13.1  

148.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

148.14.1  

148.15            Nutritional

148.15.1  

148.16            General Discussion

148.16.1  

---

149                     TRICEPS BRACHII

Back Table of Contents References

 

149.1                   Testing Position

149.1.1       

149.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

149.2.1       

149.3                   Stabilization

149.3.1       

149.4                   Test

149.4.1       

149.5                   Pressure

149.5.1       

149.6                   Weakness

149.6.1       

149.7                   Shortness

149.7.1       

149.8                   Body Language of Weakness

149.8.1      Testing Position

149.8.1.1  

149.8.2      During Test

149.8.2.1  

149.8.3      Movement aberrations

149.8.3.1  

149.8.4      Postural Imbalance

149.8.4.1  

149.9                   Alternate Testing Method

149.9.1       

149.10            Graphic Illustration

149.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

149.11            Video Demonstration

149.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

149.12                      Organ Reflexes

149.12.1 None

149.12.2 Illustrations

149.13            Meridian Association

149.13.1  

149.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

149.14.1  

149.15            Nutritional

149.15.1  

149.16            General Discussion

149.16.1  

---

150                     TRICEPS BRACHII & ANCONEUS

Back Table of Contents References

 

150.1                   Testing Position

150.1.1       

150.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

150.2.1       

150.3                   Stabilization

150.3.1       

150.4                   Test

150.4.1       

150.5                   Pressure

150.5.1       

150.6                   Weakness

150.6.1       

150.7                   Shortness

150.7.1       

150.8                   Body Language of Weakness

150.8.1      Testing Position

150.8.1.1  

150.8.2      During Test

150.8.2.1  

150.8.3      Movement aberrations

150.8.3.1  

150.8.4      Postural Imbalance

150.8.4.1  

150.9                   Alternate Testing Method

150.9.1       

150.10            Graphic Illustration

150.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

150.11            Video Demonstration

150.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

150.12                      Organ Reflexes

150.12.1 None

150.12.2 Illustrations

150.13            Meridian Association

150.13.1  

150.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

150.14.1  

150.15            Nutritional

150.15.1  

150.16            General Discussion

150.16.1  

---

 

151                     VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS)

Back Table of Contents References

 

151.1                   Testing Position

151.1.1       

151.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

151.2.1       

151.3                   Stabilization

151.3.1       

151.4                   Test

151.4.1       

151.5                   Pressure

151.5.1       

151.6                   Weakness

151.6.1       

151.7                   Shortness

151.7.1       

151.8                   Body Language of Weakness

151.8.1      Testing Position

151.8.1.1  

151.8.2      During Test

151.8.2.1  

151.8.3      Movement aberrations

151.8.3.1  

151.8.4      Postural Imbalance

151.8.4.1  

151.9                   Alternate Testing Method

151.9.1       

151.10            Graphic Illustration

151.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

151.11            Video Demonstration

151.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

151.12                      Organ Reflexes

151.12.1 None

151.12.2 Illustrations

151.13            Meridian Association

151.13.1  

151.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

151.14.1  

151.15            Nutritional

151.15.1  

151.16            General Discussion

151.16.1  

---

152                     VASTUS LATERALIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS)

Back Table of Contents References

 

152.1                   Testing Position

152.1.1       

152.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

152.2.1       

152.3                   Stabilization

152.3.1       

152.4                   Test

152.4.1       

152.5                   Pressure

152.5.1       

152.6                   Weakness

152.6.1       

152.7                   Shortness

152.7.1       

152.8                   Body Language of Weakness

152.8.1      Testing Position

152.8.1.1  

152.8.2      During Test

152.8.2.1  

152.8.3      Movement aberrations

152.8.3.1  

152.8.4      Postural Imbalance

152.8.4.1  

152.9                   Alternate Testing Method

152.9.1       

152.10            Graphic Illustration

152.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

152.11            Video Demonstration

152.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

152.12                      Organ Reflexes

152.12.1 None

152.12.2 Illustrations

152.13            Meridian Association

152.13.1  

152.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

152.14.1  

152.15            Nutritional

152.15.1  

152.16            General Discussion

152.16.1  

---

153                     VASTUS MEDIALIS (QUADRICEPS FEMORIS)

Back Table of Contents References

 

153.1                   Testing Position

153.1.1       

153.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

153.2.1       

153.3                   Stabilization

153.3.1       

153.4                   Test

153.4.1       

153.5                   Pressure

153.5.1       

153.6                   Weakness

153.6.1       

153.7                   Shortness

153.7.1       

153.8                   Body Language of Weakness

153.8.1      Testing Position

153.8.1.1  

153.8.2      During Test

153.8.2.1  

153.8.3      Movement aberrations

153.8.3.1  

153.8.4      Postural Imbalance

153.8.4.1  

153.9                   Alternate Testing Method

153.9.1       

153.10            Graphic Illustration

153.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

153.11            Video Demonstration

153.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

153.12                      Organ Reflexes

153.12.1 None

153.12.2 Illustrations

153.13            Meridian Association

153.13.1  

153.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

153.14.1  

153.15            Nutritional

153.15.1  

153.16            General Discussion

153.16.1  

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154                      

Back Table of Contents References

 

154.1                   Testing Position

154.1.1       

154.2                   Patient Fixation Requirements

154.2.1       

154.3                   Stabilization

154.3.1       

154.4                   Test

154.4.1       

154.5                   Pressure

154.5.1       

154.6                   Weakness

154.6.1       

154.7                   Shortness

154.7.1       

154.8                   Body Language of Weakness

154.8.1      Testing Position

154.8.1.1  

154.8.2      During Test

154.8.2.1  

154.8.3      Movement aberrations

154.8.3.1  

154.8.4      Postural Imbalance

154.8.4.1  

154.9                   Alternate Testing Method

154.9.1       

154.10            Graphic Illustration

154.10.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

154.11            Video Demonstration

154.11.1 INTERTRANSVERSARII

154.12                      Organ Reflexes

154.12.1 None

154.12.2 Illustrations

154.13            Meridian Association

154.13.1  

154.14            Reactive Muscle Correlation

154.14.1  

154.15            Nutritional

154.15.1  

154.16            General Discussion

154.16.1  

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155                      



[1] I. A. Kapandji. (1970). The physiology of the joints vol. 2-lower limb. Edinburgh London: Churchill-livingstone.

[2] I. A. Kapandji. (1970). The physiology of the joints vol. 2-lower limb. Edinburgh London: Churchill-livingstone.

[3] R. Herman & Sarah J. Bragin. (Feb 1967). Function of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Physical Therapy, Vol 47, pp.  - .

[4] David H. Sutherland. (Jan 1966). An electromyographic study of the plantar flexors of the ankle in normal walking on a level. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery, Vol 48 No. 1, pp.  - .

[5] S. J. Houtz & Frank P. Walsh. (Dec 1959). Electromyographic analysis of the function of the muscles acting on the ankle during weight bearing with special reference to the biceps surae. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery, 41-A, pp. 469 - 481.