Orthopedic Tests

Table of Contents

1 Low Back Evaluation. 4

1.1 Abdominal Palpation. 4

1.2 Achilles Reflex. 4

1.3 Adam's Sign. 5

1.4 Babinski's Sign. 5

1.5 Bechterew's Test 5

1.6 Braggart’s Sign. 5

1.7 Calf Measurement 6

1.8 Cremasteric Reflex. 6

1.9 Dejerine's Triad (deh"-zher-ēnz') 6

1.10 Derifield Test 7

1.11 Dorso-Lumbar Spinal Motion. 7

1.12 Elv's Heel To Buttock Test 7

1.13 Fajersztajn's Test (Fire-stein's) 8

1.14 Gaenslen’s Test (Genz’-lenz) 8

1.15 Goldthwaite’s Test 8

1.16 Heel/Toe Walk 8

1.17 Hernia (Inguinal) 9

1.18 Hip Joint R.O.M. 9

1.19 Hoover's Sign. 9

1.20 Jugular Compression. 10

1.21 Kemp's Sign. 10

1.22 Laquerre's Test 10

1.23 Lasegue Rebound Test 11

1.24 Lasegue's Test (Lah-Sāgz') 11

1.25 Leg Length-Short 11

1.26 Lewin’s Standing Test 11

1.27 Lewin's Supine Test 12

1.28 Lindner's Sign. 12

1.29 Mcburney's Point 12

1.30 Minors Sign. 13

1.31 Murphy's Punch Test 13

1.32 Neri's Bowing Test (Ner'-ēēz) 13

1.33 Patellar Reflex. 14

1.34 Patrick-Fabere Test 14

1.35 S0to-Hall Test 14

1.36 Tenderness. 14

1.37 Thomas Test 15

1.38 Trendglenberg’s Test 15

1.39 Well Leg Raising Test 15

1.40 Yeoman's Test 15

2 Cervico-Brachial, Upper Thoracic Evaluation. 16

2.1 Adson's Test (A Vascular Sign) 16

2.2 Allen's Test (A Vascular Sign) 16

2.3 Cervical Compression. 16

2.4 Cervical Motion. 16

2.5 Clavical Prominent 16

2.6 Dizzyness on Moves. 16

2.7 Ear Most Exposed. 16

2.8 Eye Movements. 16

2.9 Facial Pain. 16

2.10 Facial Paralysis. 16

2.11 Finger to Nose and Finger to Finger Tests. 16

2.12 Hand Strength-Weak 16

2.13 Handedness. 16

2.14 Head Tilt 16

2.15 Lungs. 16

2.16 Motor Nerves. 16

2.17 Mouth-Throat 16

2.18 Pain. 16

2.19 Palpation of Cervicals. 16

2.20 Paresthesia. 16

2.21 Reflexes. 16

2.22 Scapula Prominent 16

2.23 Shoulder Depression Test 16

2.24 Shoulder High. 16

2.25 Shoulder Shrug. 16

2.26 Thoracic Flex. 16

2.27 Thoracic Masses. 16

2.28 Thoracic is Tender 16

2.29 TMJ 16

2.30 Wright's Test 16

3 Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist, and Hand Evaluation. 16

3.1 Anterior Stability Test 16

3.2 Apprehension Test for Shoulder Dislocation. 16

3.3 Axillary Nodes. 16

3.4 Bicipital Tendinitis Test 16

3.5 Biceps Strength. 17

3.6 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Test Tinel's Test, Phalen's Test 17

3.7 Clavical Low.. 17

3.8 Dermatome Involvement (Shoulder) 17

3.9 Drop Arm Test 17

3.10 Duga's Test (Doo'-Gas) 17

3.11 Elbow Motion. 17

3.12 Enlargements (Shoulder) 17

3.13 Finger Motion. 17

3.14 Frozen Shoulder 17

3.15 Hand Weakness. 17

3.16 Individual Finger Range of Motion. 17

3.17 Impingement Syndrome Test 17

3.18 Locking Test 17

3.19 Mills Test (Tennis Elbow) 17

3.20 Neurovascular Tests-Adson's Test (Shoulder) 17

3.21 Neurovascular Tests-Allen's Test (Shoulder) 17

3.22 Neurovascular Tests-Wright's Test (Shoulder) 17

3.23 Pinwheel Test (Shoulder) 17

3.24 Quadrant Test 17

3.25 Radial Nerve Test 17

3.26 Reflexes (Shoulder) 17

3.27 Rotary Cuff Test (Drop Arm Test) 17

3.28 Scapula Low.. 17

3.29 Scapula Prominent 17

3.30 Shoulder Depression Test 17

3.31 Shoulder Low.. 17

3.32 Shoulder Motion. 17

3.33 Tenderness (Shoulder) 17

3.34 Tennis Elbow Test (Elbow) 17

3.35 Test for Ligamentous Stability (Elbow) 17

3.36 Tinel's Sign (Ulnar Nerve) 17

3.37 Ulnar Nerve Test 17

3.38 Weakness (Shoulder) 18

3.39 Wrist Motion. 18

3.40 Yergason's Test 18

4 Knee, Ankle, and Foot Evaluation. 18

4.1 Ability to Squat 18

4.2 Achilles Rupture Test 18

4.3 Ankle Circumference. 18

4.4 Ankle Dorsiflexion. 18

4.5 Ankle Range of Motion. 18

4.6 Anterior Drawer Sign (Knee) 18

4.7 Apley's Compression Knee Test 18

4.8 Apley's Distraction Knee Test 18

4.9 Bakers Cyst (Popliteal Cyst) 18

4.10 Calcaneal (Heel) Spur 18

4.11 Dermatome Involvement (Knee, Ankle, and Foot) 18

4.12 Foot Arches. 18

4.13 Foot Condition (Hallux Valgus Tibial Artery) 18

4.14 Foot Position. 18

4.15 Foreleg Crepitation. 18

4.16 Gait (Knee, Ankle, and Foot ) 18

4.17 Hamstring Test 18

4.18 Heel to Buttock (For Knee and Leg) 18

4.19 Homan's Sign (Knee, Ankle, and Foot ) 18

4.20 Knee Circumference. 18

4.21 Knee Position. 18

4.22 Knee Prominences. 18

4.23 Knee Range of Motion. 18

4.24 Lateral Malleolus Prominent 18

4.25 Leg short 18

4.26 McMurray's Test (Torn Knee Medial Meniscus) 18

4.27 Medial Malleolus Prominent 18

4.28 Morton's Neuroma. 18

4.29 Osgood-Schlatter Syndrome. 18

4.30 Patellar Subluxation. 18

4.31 Posterior Drawer Sign (Knee) 18

4.32 Reflexes (Patellar and Achilles) 18

4.33 Tenderness (Ankle, Foot) 18

4.34 Tenderness (Knee) 18

4.35 Varicose Veins (Knee, Ankle, and Foot ) 18

1 Low Back Evaluation

1.1 Abdominal Palpation

1.1.1 Client supine, knees flexed

1.1.2 Examiner stands first on one side, then the other while palpating opposit side

1.1.3 Examiner places one hand over the other to enable the client to press deeply

1.1.4 Positive

1.1.4.1 Pain or tenderness

1.1.4.2 Masses

1.1.4.3 Not uniformly bilaterally

1.1.4.4 Extra firm areas

1.1.5 Signifies:

1.1.5.1 Intestinal, uterine, various organ pathology

1.1.5.2 Inflammation

1.1.5.3 Musculature involvement

1.2 Achilles Reflex

1.2.1 Client Sitting

1.2.2 Examiner firmly strikes Achilles tendon with hammer

1.2.3 Examiner compares reflex on right and left side

1.2.4 Positive:

1.2.4.1 Diminished response on one side

1.2.5 Signifies:

1.2.5.1 L4-L5 disc lesion

1.2.5.2 L5-S1 disc protrusion

1.3 Adam's Sign

1.3.1 If Client had an "S" or "C" scoliosis while standing upright

1.3.2 Direct Client to bow forward

1.3.3 Examiner stands in front

1.3.4 Negative:

1.3.4.1 Scoliosis straightens when flexed--this is indication of a functional scoliosis from short leg, etc

1.3.5 Positive:

1.3.5.1 Scoliosis does not improve on flexion

1.3.6 Signifies:

1.3.6.1 Pathological scoliosis

1.4 Babinski's Sign

1.4.1 Client Supine

1.4.2 Examiner uses opposite end of percussion hammer on plantar surface of each foot

1.4.3 Stroking firmly, begin at heel progress towards toes and across base of toes

1.4.4 Positive:

1.4.4.1 Instead of plantar flexion of great, first and second toes-the great toe extends, with the rest giving a fanlike abduction

1.4.5 Signifies:

1.4.5.1 Brain injuries

1.4.5.2 Meningitis

1.4.5.3 Cerebral edema

1.5 Bechterew's Test

1.5.1 Client sitting, extends one leg then the other, then both

1.5.2 If back pain is relieved, indicates a pelvic lesion, not lumbar

1.5.3 Positive:

1.5.3.1 Pain or sciatica increased

1.5.3.2 Client cannot do maneuver

1.5.4 Signifies:

1.5.4.1 Lumbar disc lesion

1.6 Braggart’s Sign

1.6.1 Client Supine

1.6.2 Examiner straight raises leg until pain produced

1.6.3 At first pain, Examiner dorsi-flexes the foot

1.6.4 Negative:

1.6.4.1 No increase in pain indicates muscle involvement

1.6.5 Positive:

1.6.5.1 Pain greatly exaggerated

1.6.5.2 Sciatica

1.6.6 Signifies:

1.6.6.1 INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE

1.6.6.2 Spinal cord tumors

1.7 Calf Measurement

1.7.1 Client Prone

1.7.2 Examiner measures circumference of calf at exact distance each leg-from heel to mid-calf

1.7.3 Positive:

1.7.3.1 One calf smaller by (+) 1/4 inch

1.7.4 Signifies:

1.7.4.1 Atrophy due to partial paralysis

1.7.4.2 Herniated disc

1.7.4.3 Congenital anomaly

1.7.4.4 CA of bone

1.7.4.5 Previous pathology, (stroke, polio. M/S. etc.)

1.7.4.6 Occupational habits (Punch press op., truck driver. heavy equip. op.)

1.8 Cremasteric Reflex

1.8.1 Client supine, testicles exposed

1.8.2 Examiner uses tongue depressor or percussion hammer handle

1.8.3 Examiner lightly stimulates skin on front and inner side of upper thigh

1.8.4 Positive:

1.8.4.1 Testicle does not retract on same side

1.8.5 Signifies:

1.8.5.1 Subluxation L 1 and L2

1.8.5.2 Spinal cord lesion between L 1 and L2

1.9 Dejerine's Triad (deh"-zher-ēnz')

1.9.1 Client sitting, have the client

1.9.1.1 Cough

1.9.1.2 Sneeze

1.9.1.3 Strain at stool

1.9.2 Intraspinal pressure is increased

1.9.3 Positive:

1.9.3.1 Increased radicular pain in low back

1.9.4 Signifies:

1.9.4.1 Disc involvement

1.9.4.2 Radiculitis

1.9.4.3 Meningitis

1.10 Derifield Test

1.10.1 Client Prone

1.10.2 Examiner first checks leg length with legs extended: if Examiner finds one leg shorter-Then Examiner flexes Clients legs together to 90°

1.10.3 Positive:

1.10.3.1 Clients shortened leg becomes longer than other

1.10.4 Signifies:

1.10.4.1 Iliac subluxated on side of short leg

1.10.5 If no change occurs on flexion

1.10.5.1 Lower Clients Legs

1.10.5.2 Instruct Client to turn head to one side, then other, with legs ext.

1.10.6 Positive:

1.10.6.1 evens or alters leg length 4 -Signifies: cervical Subluxation

1.11 Dorso-Lumbar Spinal Motion

1.11.1 Degrees given are normal

1.11.1.1 Forward Flexion 90

1.11.1.2 Extension 30

1.11.1.3 Lateral Flexion 20

1.11.1.4 Rotation 30

1.11.2 Have patient go through these maneuvers and list restrictions at point of pain

1.11.3 For maximum accuracy a goniometer is recommended-this enables Examiner to keep accurate records of progress

1.12 Elv's Heel To Buttock Test

1.12.1 Client prone-Examiner at side

1.12.2 Examiner flexes leg and attempts to touch heel to opposite buttock

1.12.3 Positive

1.12.3.1 Pelvic or lumbar spine raises from table

1.12.3.2 Cannot be perform due pain

1.12.4 Signifies:

1.12.4.1 Hip lesion

1.12.4.2 Psoas MUSCLE irritation

1.12.4.3 Lumbosacral lesion

1.12.4.4 Tensor fascia lata contracture

1.12.4.5 Quadriceps muscular contracture

1.13 Fajersztajn's Test (Fire-stein's)

1.13.1 Client Supine

1.13.2 Examiner straight raises leg on asymptomatic side to point of pain

1.13.3 Examiner lowers leg until no pain and dorsi-flexes foot

1.13.4 Positive:

1.13.4.1 Sciatic pain produced on symptomatic side

1.13.5 Signifies:

1.13.5.1 Sciatic nerve root involvement, (disc syndrome)

1.13.5.2 Dural root sleeve adhesions

1.14 Gaenslen’s Test (Genz’-lenz)

1.14.1 Client supine, placed well to side of table

1.14.2 Client flexes thigh, clasps knee with both hands and pulls knee to abdomen

1.14.3 Clients other extremity hyperextended off edge of table

1.14.4 Examiner stands on flexed knee side with one hand on each knee

1.14.5 Examiner slowly puts pressure on each knee

1.14.6 Positive:

1.14.6.1 Pain in leg off edge of table in sacroiliac joint or down leg

1.14.7 Signifies:

1.14.7.1 Sacroiliac joint lesion

1.14.7.2 No pain signifies a LUMBOSACRAL lesion

1.14.8 Test both sides

1.15 Goldthwaite’s Test

1.15.1 Client Supine

1.15.2 Examiner places hand under lumbar spine

1.15.3 Examiner straight raises affected limb

1.15.4 Positive: (First)

1.15.4.1 Pain before lumbar spine moves

1.15.5 Signifies: (First)

1.15.5.1 Arthritis sprain of SACROILIAC joint

1.15.5.2 Subluxation

1.15.6 Positive : (Second)

1.15.6.1 Pain after lumbar spine moves

1.15.7 Signifies: (Second)

1.15.7.1 LUMBOSACRAL lesion

1.16 Heel/Toe Walk

1.16.1 Positive:

1.16.1.1 Can only walk a couple of steps

1.16.1.2 Cannot do at all

1.16.2 Signifies:

1.16.2.1 Weakness of Leg muscles

1.16.2.2 Early signs of developing pathological conditions, -- MS, Parkinson’s, diabetes, etc

1.17 Hernia (Inguinal)

1.17.1 Client standing-Examiner at side-Clients head turned away from Examiner

1.17.2 Examiner palpates inguinal ligament, which is located between ant superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercles on each side

1.17.3 Have Client cough while you are palpating

1.17.4 Positive:

1.17.4.1 Any unusual bulges

1.17.4.2 Tenderness

1.17.5 Signifies:

1.17.5.1 Possible hernia if bulge is located

1.17.5.2 Possible Iliopsoas bursitis, if tender

1.17.5.3 T12 Thoracic Intercostal Anterior Cutaneous Branch

1.17.5.4 T12 Thoracic Intercostal Dorsal Dermatomal Branch

1.17.5.5 Quadratus Lumborum Trigger Points

1.17.5.6 Osteoarthritis of hip

1.18 Hip Joint R.O.M

1.18.1 Client supine, knees flexed

1.18.2 Examiner puts each hip through motions

1.18.3 For best results a goniometer is recommended

1.18.4 Record degree at point pain or where restrictions begin

1.18.5 Do the backward extension movement later when patient is prone

1.18.6 Positive:

1.18.6.1 Pain, restrictions or hip "noises"

1.18.7 Signifies:

1.18.7.1 Hip pathology

1.18.7.2 Osteoarthritis

1.18.7.3 Inflammation

1.18.7.4 MUSCLE involvement

1.18.7.5 Degenerative disease of hip versus lumbosacral lesion

1.19 Hoover's Sign

1.19.1 Malingers test

1.19.2 Client supine, legs extended

1.19.3 Examiner cups heel of well leg and asks Client to straight raise affected leg

1.19.4 Positive:

1.19.4.1 No or very little pressure in Examiners hand on well leg

1.19.5 Signifies:

1.19.5.1 Possible malingering patient

1.19.5.2 If sincere problem there should be sufficient pressure on well leg heel

1.20 Jugular Compression

1.20.1 Client sitting-Examiner standing in back

1.20.2 Examiner holds digital pressure over jugular veins for 30 to 45 seconds

1.20.3 Examiner-while continuing pressure asks Client to cough deeply

1.20.4 Positive:

1.20.4.1 Pain in low back

1.20.4.2 Occasionally may cause pain in cervical or thoracic region

1.20.5 Signifies:

1.20.5.1 Almost always signifies presence of cord tumors

1.20.6 Contraindicated

1.20.6.1 Geriatrics

1.20.6.2 Clients with suspected arteriosclerosis

1.20.7 Alert

1.20.7.1 All Clients may cause dizziness or light-headedness

1.21 Kemp's Sign

1.21.1 Client standing-back to Examiner -bend the client gently backward, then move the client obliquely first right then left

1.21.2 Positive:

1.21.2.1 Pain that side

1.21.2.2 Radiates down sciatic nerve

1.21.3 Signifies:

1.21.3.1 Probable disc herniation

1.22 Laquerre's Test

1.22.1 Client Supine

1.22.2 Examiner flexes thigh and leg

1.22.3 Examiner abducts thigh (Rotating it outward), using both hands

1.22.4 Positive:

1.22.4.1 Pain

1.22.5 Signifies:

1.22.5.1 Hip joint lesion

1.22.5.2 Iliopsoas spasms

1.22.5.3 Sacroiliac joint lesion

1.22.5.4 Disc degeneration from a lumbosacral lesion

1.23 Lasegue Rebound Test

1.23.1 At conclusion of a positive Lasegue’s and Braggarts, (18 & 19)-Examiner suddenly drops leg into pillow Examiner soft item

1.23.2 Positive:

1.23.2.1 Increased pain (No pain possible malingerer)

1.23.2.2 Muscle spasms

1.23.2.3 Sciatica

1.23.3 Signifies:

1.23.3.1 Disc involvement

1.24 Lasegue's Test (Lah-Sāgz')

1.24.1 Client Supine

1.24.2 Examiner raises Clients leg-Locking knees so they do not flex

1.24.3 Positive:

1.24.3.1 Pain before leg reaches 90°

1.24.3.2 Sciatic notch pain

1.24.3.3 No pain if Examiner flexes knee and brings knee to chest

1.24.4 Signifies:

1.24.4.1 Lumbosacral lesion

1.24.4.2 Disc involvement

1.24.4.3 Both

1.25 Leg Length-Short

1.25.1 Client Supine

1.25.2 Examiner uses a tape measure calculating distance from umbilicus to each medial Malleoli

1.25.3 Signifies:

1.25.3.1 Congenital short leg

1.25.3.2 Deformity of hip

1.25.3.3 Possible slight polio when a child

1.25.4 Heel lifts recommended if shortness exceeds 3/8' , .Remember Everyone has slight shortness

1.25.5 Recheck lengths periodically

1.26 Lewin’s Standing Test

1.26.1 Client standing-back to Examiner, -then bends forward

1.26.2 Examiner cautiously pulls back on one knee--then the other-- then both

1.26.3 Positive

1.26.3.1 Pain

1.26.3.2 Leg snaps forward into flexion

1.26.4 Signifies

1.26.4.1 Lumbo-sacral lesion

1.26.4.2 Lower lumbar lesion

1.26.4.3 Sacroiliac lesion

1.26.4.4 Gluteal lesion

1.27 Lewin's Supine Test

1.27.1 Client Supine

1.27.2 Examiner places arm across Clients thighs above knees

1.27.3 Client told to sit up

1.27.4 Positive

1.27.4.1 Client unable to sit up

1.27.5 Signifies:

1.27.5.1 Arthritis of Lumbar spine, sacroiliac joint or lumbosacral joint

1.27.5.2 Lumbar fibrosis

1.27.5.3 Degenerative INTERVERTEBRAL DISC DISEASE with protrusion

1.27.5.4 Client can localize site of lesion

1.28 Lindner's Sign

1.28.1 Client supine examiner flexes Clients head upon their chest

1.28.2 Examiner creates cervical and dorsolumbar flexion, placing the patient's trunk into a large "C-shaped" curve.

1.28.3 Positive:

1.28.3.1 Sign is considered present when this action aggravates or reduplicates the radicular pain of the patient's main complaint

1.28.3.2 Pain lumbar region with sciatic radiation

1.28.4 Signifies:

1.28.4.1 Nerve root involvement

1.29 Mcburney's Point

1.29.1 Client Supine

1.29.2 Examiner standing on right side

1.29.3 Examiner applies pressure between umbilicus and right ASIS

1.29.4 Positive:

1.29.4.1 Pain at examiner’s contact point

1.29.4.2 Pain radiating into right thigh

1.29.5 Signifies:

1.29.5.1 Acute appendicitis

1.29.5.2 Chronic appendicitis

1.29.5.3 Ruptured appendicitis-if pain all over abdomen

1.30 Minors Sign

1.30.1 Examiner observes Client as they arise from sitting position

1.30.1.1 Positive

1.30.1.1.1 Client places one hand on healthy leg

1.30.1.1.2 Client places other hand on affected side of back

1.30.1.1.3 Client flexes well leg and extends affected leg

1.30.1.1.4 Client shifts all weight to healthy leg

1.30.1.2 Signifies:

1.30.1.2.1 Sciatic Radiculitis

1.30.1.2.2 SACROILIAC lesions

1.30.1.2.3 LUMBOSACRAL strains and sprains

1.30.1.2.4 Fractures

1.31 Murphy's Punch Test

1.31.1 Client prone-Examiner standing on opposite side being tested

1.31.2 Examiner places one hand over kidney regions

1.31.3 Examiner strikes top of first hand, with the lateral side of other hand made into a fist

1.31.4 Positive:

1.31.4.1 Excessive pain

1.31.4.2 Pain radiating into groin

1.31.4.3 Client may have fever, nausea or vomiting

1.31.5 Signifies:

1.31.5.1 Kidney involvement

1.32 Neri's Bowing Test (Ner'-ēēz)

1.32.1 Client standing-direct the client to bow forward

1.32.2 Examiner does not assist Client

1.32.2.1 Positive

1.32.2.1.1 Knee flexes on affected side

1.32.2.1.2 Pain in leg

1.32.2.2 Signifies

1.32.2.2.1 LUMBOSACRAL or SACROILIAC lesions

1.32.2.2.2 Subluxation

1.32.2.2.3 Lower lumbar disc problem

1.33 Patellar Reflex

1.33.1 Any absence (0) or extreme (+4), could indicate possible neurological pathology

1.33.2 If one side responds less than the other it signifies possible L -4 involvement on that side

1.34 Patrick-Fabere Test

1.34.1 Particularly valuable in geriatric cases

1.34.2 Client Supine

1.34.3 Examiner flexes thigh and leg

1.34.4 Examiner places clients external malleolus over opposite patella

1.34.5 Examiner depresses flexed knee

1.34.6 Positive:

1.34.6.1 Pain produced

1.34.7 Signifies:

1.34.7.1 Inflammatory hip disease

1.34.7.2 Arthritis

1.34.7.3 Lesions in or around hip

1.35 S0to-Hall Test

1.35.1 Client Supine

1.35.2 Examiner flexes Clients head while pressing firmly against Clients sternum with other hand, (this prevents flexion of thoracic and lumbar vertebra)

1.35.3 Positive:

1.35.3.1 Pain anywhere along vertebral column

1.35.4 Signifies:

1.35.4.1 Vertebral injuries

1.35.4.2 Vertebral fractures

1.36 Tenderness

1.36.1 Client prone, arms at side

1.36.2 Examiner taps spinous processes lightly with percussion hammer

1.36.3 Examiner palpates spine and surrounding soft tissue, first lightly then firmly with hands

1.36.4 Positive:

1.36.4.1 Pain or tenderness

1.36.4.2 Masses

1.36.5 Signifies:

1.36.5.1 Inflammation

1.36.5.2 Subluxation

1.36.5.3 Bruises, MUSCLE spasms

1.36.5.4 Active osteoarthritis

1.36.5.5 Cutaneous pathology

1.37 Thomas Test

1.37.1 Client supine legs extended

1.37.2 Examiner flexes uninvolved leg until knee touches abdomen

1.37.3 Positive:

1.37.3.1 Client cannot keep involved thigh on table

1.37.4 Signifies:

1.37.4.1 Contracture of hip

1.37.4.2 Shortened Iliopsoas MUSCLE

1.37.4.3 TB or other hip disease

1.38 Trendglenberg’s Test

1.38.1 Client standing-back to Examiner - wearing jockey shorts or panties, to view buttocks

1.38.2 Client first raises flexed right knee to level of hip

1.38.3 Repeat raising left knee

1.38.4 Positive

1.38.4.1 Buttock is high on standing side

1.38.4.2 Buttock is low on raised side

1.38.5 Signifies:

1.38.5.1 Mainly a test for hip involvement

1.38.5.2 Weakness of Gluteus Medius

1.38.5.3 Congenital hip involvement

1.38.5.4 Hip Subluxation

1.38.5.5 Hip fracture

1.38.5.6 Muscular dystrophy Examiner polio etc

1.39 Well Leg Raising Test

1.39.1 Client Supine

1.39.2 Examiner straight leg raises unaffected limb, then flexes thigh affected limb remains extended

1.39.3 Positive:

1.39.3.1 Sciatic pain in affected, extended limb

1.39.4 Signifies:

1.39.4.1 Strong indication of a ruptured disc

1.40 Yeoman's Test

1.40.1 Client prone-Examiner on opposite side

1.40.2 Examiner firmly places one hand over suspected SACROILIAC joint

1.40.3 Examiner first flexes knee to limit, then Examiner hyperextends thigh

1.40.4 Positive:

1.40.4.1 Pain in SACROILIAC joint

1.40.5 Signifies:

1.40.6 SACROILIAC lesion, due ~train on Ant. SACROILIAC ligaments

2 Cervico-Brachial, Upper Thoracic Evaluation