Anaerobic Exercise-Biomechanics and Applied Kinesiology

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Kinesiology. 2

1.1. 2

2 Biomechanics. 2

2.1. 2

2.2 Center of Gravity. 2

2.3 Line of Gravity and Base of Support 2

2.4 Forces and Motion. 2

3 Physical Laws Affecting Motion. 2

3.1. 2

3.2 Inertia. 2

3.3 Acceleration and Momentum. 2

3.4 Impact and Reactive Forces. 2

3.5 Linear and Rotary Motion. 2

3.6 Levers and Torque. 2

3.7 Lever Classes. 2

3.8 Musculoskeletal Considerations. 2

3.9 Kinds of Muscular Contraction. 2

4 Applied Kinesiology. 3

4.1. 3

4.2 The Goal: Exercise Analysis. 3

5 Muscles and Movements of the Upper Extremity. 3

5.1. 3

5.2 Posterior Shoulder Girdle Muscles. 3

5.3 Rotator Cuff Muscles. 3

5.4 Anterior Shoulder Girdle Muscles. 3

5.5 Muscles of the Shoulder Joint Proper 3

5.6 Injury Prevention Through Neutral Alignment 4

5.7 Summary of the Muscles and Movements of the Upper Extremity. 4

6 Muscles and Movements of the Lower Extremity. 4

6.1. 4

6.2 Muscles Acting to Tilt the Pelvis. 4

6.3 Anterior Muscles: Hip Flexors. 4

6.4 Posterior Hip Muscles: Hip Extensors. 4

7 Muscles Acting at the Knee Joint 5

7.1. 5

7.2 Anterior Muscles: Knee Extensors. 5

7.3 Posterior Muscles: Knee Flexors. 5

7.4 Posterior Muscles Acting at the Ankle: Plantar Flexors. 5

7.5 Anterior Muscles Acting at the Ankle: Dorsiflexors. 5

7.6 Lateral Muscles Acting at the Ankle and Foot 5

7.7 Summary of the Muscles and Movements of the Pelvis and Lower Extremity. 5

8 Posture and Muscle Imbalance. 5

8.1. 5

9 Examples of Exercise Analysis. 5

9.1. 5

9.2 Push-Up. 6

9.3 Lat Pull-Down. 6

10 Creating Progressive Exercise Programs. 7

10.1. 7

11 Summary. 7

11.1. 7

1 Kinesiology

1.1

2 Biomechanics

2.1 2.2 Center of Gravity

2.2.1

2.3 Line of Gravity and Base of Support

2.3.1

2.4 Forces and Motion

2.4.1

3 Physical Laws Affecting Motion

3.1 3.2 Inertia

3.2.1

3.3 Acceleration and Momentum

3.3.1

3.4 Impact and Reactive Forces

3.4.1

3.5 Linear and Rotary Motion

3.5.1

3.6 Levers and Torque

3.6.1

3.7 Lever Classes

3.7.1

3.8 Musculoskeletal Considerations

3.8.1

3.9 Kinds of Muscular Contraction

3.9.1 3.9.2 Static (Isometric) Contraction

3.9.2.1

3.9.3 Concentric (Shorting) Contraction

3.9.3.1

3.9.4 Eccentric (Lengthening) Contraction

3.9.4.1

4 Applied Kinesiology

4.1 4.2 The Goal: Exercise Analysis

4.2.1

5 Muscles and Movements of the Upper Extremity

5.1 5.2 Posterior Shoulder Girdle Muscles

5.2.1 5.2.2 Trapezius

5.2.2.1

5.2.3 Rhomboids

5.2.3.1

5.2.4 Levator Scapulae

5.2.4.1

5.3 Rotator Cuff Muscles

5.3.1

5.4 Anterior Shoulder Girdle Muscles

5.4.1

5.5 Muscles of the Shoulder Joint Proper

5.5.1 Deltoid

5.5.1.1

5.5.2 Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major

5.5.2.1

5.5.3 Pectoralis Major

5.5.3.1

5.5.4 Coracobrachialis and Biceps Brachii

5.5.4.1

5.5.5 Triceps

5.5.5.1

5.6 Injury Prevention Through Neutral Alignment

5.6.1

5.7 Summary of the Muscles and Movements of the Upper Extremity

5.7.1

6 Muscles and Movements of the Lower Extremity

6.1 6.2 Muscles Acting to Tilt the Pelvis

6.2.1

6.3 Anterior Muscles: Hip Flexors

6.3.1 6.3.2 Iliopsoas

6.3.2.1

6.3.3 Rectus Femoris and Other Hip Flexors

6.3.3.1

6.4 Posterior Hip Muscles: Hip Extensors

6.4.1 6.4.2 Gluteus Maximus

6.4.2.1

6.4.3 Deep External Rotators

6.4.3.1

6.4.4 Hamstrings

6.4.4.1

6.4.5 Medial Hip Muscles: Adductor Group

6.4.5.1

6.4.6 Lateral Hip Muscles: Hip Abductors

6.4.6.1

6.4.7 Example of Movement Analysis: The Hip during Walking

6.4.7.1

7 Muscles Acting at the Knee Joint

7.1 7.2 Anterior Muscles: Knee Extensors

7.2.1

7.3 Posterior Muscles: Knee Flexors

7.3.1

7.4 Posterior Muscles Acting at the Ankle: Plantar Flexors

7.4.1 Gastrocnemius and Soleus Group

7.4.1.1

7.5 Anterior Muscles Acting at the Ankle: Dorsiflexors

7.5.1

7.6 Lateral Muscles Acting at the Ankle and Foot

7.6.1 The peroneus longus and brevis are the muscles that compose the lateral compartment of the lower leg (Fig. 3-41). Their tendons curve around the lateral malleolus of the ankle and attach to the first and fifth metatarsal, respectively. Their common functions are plantarflexion and eversion. They are active in walking and are also important in maneuvering on uneven ground. Toe-tapping side to side is a warm-up for these muscles also.

7.7 Summary of the Muscles and Movements of the Pelvis and Lower Extremity

7.7.1

8 Posture and Muscle Imbalance

8.1

9 Examples of Exercise Analysis

9.1 9.2 Push-Up

9.2.1 9.2.2 Up –Phase

9.2.2.1 9.2.2.2 Shoulders

9.2.2.2.1

9.2.2.3 Shoulder Girdle

9.2.2.3.1

9.2.2.4 Elbows

9.2.2.4.1

9.2.2.5 Head and Neck

9.2.2.5.1

9.2.2.6 Lumbar Spine

9.2.2.6.1

9.2.2.7 Hips

9.2.2.7.1

9.2.3 Down-Phase

9.2.4

9.3 Lat Pull-Down

9.3.1 9.3.2 Down-Phase

9.3.2.1 9.3.2.2 Shoulders

9.3.2.2.1

9.3.2.3 Shoulder Girdle

9.3.2.3.1

9.3.2.4 Elbows

9.3.2.4.1

9.3.2.5 Wrists

9.3.2.5.1

9.3.2.6 Head and Neck

9.3.2.6.1

9.3.2.7 Lumbar Spine

9.3.2.7.1

9.3.2.8 Hips

9.3.2.8.1

9.3.3 Return Phase

9.3.3.1

10 Creating Progressive Exercise Programs