Postural Assessment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Muscle Balance: Opposing Muscles. 2

2 The Standard Posture. 2

3 Ideal Plumb Alignment: Side View.. 3

4 Four Types of Postural Alignment 3

5 Faulty Plumb Alignment: Side View.. 3

6 Posture of Children. 3

7 Lordosis Posture. 3

8 Handedness: Effect on Posture. 3

9 Faulty Posture: Side and Back Views. 3

10 Ideal Segmental Alignment: Side View.. 3

11 Kyphosis-Lordosis Posture. 3

12 Sway-Back Posture. 3

13 Military-Type Posture. 3

14 Flat-Back Posture. 3

15 Ideal Alignment: Posterior View.. 3

16 Faulty Alignment: Posterior View.. 3

17 Faulty Head and Neck Positions. 4

18 Shoulders and Scapulae. 4

19 Good and Faulty Posture of Feet and Knees. 4

20 Good and Faulty Posture of Knees and Legs. 4

21 Legs in Good and Faulty Alignment 4

22 Postural Bowlegs and Knock-Knees. 4

23 Postural Bowing Compensating for Knock-Knees. 4

24 Posture in Sitting. 4

25 Procedure for Postural Examination. 4

1 Muscle Balance: Opposing Muscles

1.1 1.2 Foot

1.2.1

1.3 Knee

1.3.1

1.4 Hip

1.4.1

1.5 Trunk

1.5.1

1.6 Pelvis

1.6.1

1.7 Principles

1.7.1

2 The Standard Posture

2.1 2.2 Pelvis and Low Back

2.2.1

2.3 Hip and Knee Joints

2.3.1

2.4 Ankle

2.4.1

2.5 Feet

2.5.1

2.6 Head and Neck

2.6.1

2.7 Thoracic Spine

2.7.1

2.8 Shoulder Joint and Shoulder Girdle

2.8.1

3 Ideal Plumb Alignment: Side View

Back Table of Contents References Illustrations

3.1

4 Four Types of Postural Alignment

4.1

5 Faulty Plumb Alignment: Side View

5.1

6 Posture of Children

6.1

7 Lordosis Posture

7.1

8 Handedness: Effect on Posture

8.1

9 Faulty Posture: Side and Back Views

9.1

10 Ideal Segmental Alignment: Side View

10.1

11 Kyphosis-Lordosis Posture

11.1

12 Sway-Back Posture

12.1

13 Military-Type Posture

13.1

14 Flat-Back Posture

14.1

15 Ideal Alignment: Posterior View

15.1

16 Faulty Alignment: Posterior View

16.1

17 Faulty Head and Neck Positions

17.1

18 Shoulders and Scapulae

18.1

19 Good and Faulty Posture of Feet and Knees

19.1

20 Good and Faulty Posture of Knees and Legs

20.1

21 Legs in Good and Faulty Alignment

21.1

22 Postural Bowlegs and Knock-Knees

22.1

23 Postural Bowing Compensating for Knock-Knees

23.1

24 Posture in Sitting

24.1

25 Procedure for Postural Examination

25.1 25.2 Equipment

25.2.1 25.2.2 Posture Boards

25.2.2.1

25.2.3 Plumb Line

25.2.3.1

25.2.4 Folding Ruler with Spirit Level

25.2.4.1

25.2.5 Set of Six Blocks

25.2.5.1

25.2.6 Marking Pencil

25.2.6.1

25.2.7 Tape Measure

25.2.7.1

25.2.8 Chart for Recording Examination Findings

25.2.8.1

25.2.9 Appropriate Clothing

25.2.9.1

25.3 Alignment in Standing

25.3.1 25.3.2 Anterior View

25.3.2.1

25.3.3 Lateral View

25.3.3.1

25.3.4 Posterior View

25.3.4.1

25.4 Tests for Flexibility and Muscle Length

25.4.1

25.5 Muscle Strength Tests

25.5.1

25.6 Interpretation of Test Findings

25.6.1

25.7 Leg Length Measurements

25.7.1

25.8 Postural Examination

25.8.1 25.8.2 Postural Examination Chart

25.8.2.1

25.9 Faulty Posture, Side View: Analysis and Treatment

25.9.1

25.10 Faulty Head and Shoulder Positions: Analysis and Treatment

25.10.1

25.11 Faulty Posture, Back View: Analysis and Treatment

25.11.1

25.12 Faulty Leg, Knee, and Foot Positions: Analysis and Treatment

25.12.1

25.13 Developmental and Environmental Effects on Posture

25.13.1

25.14 Posture Instruction

25.14.1

25.15 Good and Faulty Posture: Summary Chart

25.15.1

25.16 Exercises

25.16.1