RESEARCH ARTICLES                         Independent Variables   Population     Dependent Variables                                                        
# Authors Year Article Title Publication Edition Volume Page(s) Language (Other) Category Subject Publication Type #1 Publication Type #2 Summary Library Institution Author Institution Database Online Abstract Variables Defined Full Text FREE (WEB) Full Text PAY (WEB) Treatment Frequency Patient Group Emotion # 1 Emotion # 2 Emotion # 3 Sensory # 1 Sensory # 2 Lab # 1 Lab # 2 Lab # 3 Lab # 4 Neurological #1 Behavior # 1 Behavior # 2 Behavior # 3 Behavior # 4 Task/Test # 1 Task/Test # 2 Psych/Soc # 1 Psych/Soc # 2 Psych/Soc # 3 Ortho # 1 Ortho # 2 Ortho # 3 Cardi/Pulm # 1 Cardi/Pulm # 2 Gastro/Intest # 1 Risk # 1 Risk #2 Risk #3 ADL # 1 ADL # 2 Measurments # 1 Measurments # 2 Measurments # 3
1 Diego, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, J., Rothe, E., Castellanos, D., & Mesner, L. 2002 Aggressive adolescents benefit from massage therapy Adolescence 37 597-607   Behavior Aggressive Adolescents     Following a month of 2 chair massages per week the adolescents became less aggressive.   Touch Research Institue (TRI) Touch Research Institue (TRI) University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Chair Massage Month=2x/wk=8 Visits Children=Adolescents Aggression                                                                
2 Field, T. 1999 American adolescents touch each other less and are more aggressive toward their peers as compared with French adolescents Adolescence 34 753-758   Behavior Aggressive Adolescents     Touching peers during conversations in McDonalds Restaurants occurred more frequently in Paris than in Miami. In contrast, self-touching and aggressive behavior occurred more frequently among adolescent peers in Miami than in Paris.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation=Touching Peers   Children=Adolescents Aggression                                                                
3 Hart, S., Field, T. Hernandez-Reif, M., Nearing, G., Shaw, S., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 2001 Anorexia symptoms are reduced by massage therapy Eating Disorders 9 289-299   Behavior Anorexia     Massage therapy reduced anxiety, depressed mood and salivary cortisol (stress hormone) levels and resulted in decreased body dissatisfaction associated with anorexia.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional     Anxiety Depression       Cortisol (Salivary)                     Body Image                                
4 Diego, M.A., Jones, N.A., Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. 1998 Aromatherapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG patterns associated with positive mood and alertness International Journal of Neuroscience 96 217-224   Technique Aromatherapy     Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender   Adults Anxiety Depression               Frontal Alpha & Beta Power          Math Performance                                    
5 Sanders,C., Diego, M., Fernandez, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., and Roca, A. 2002 EEG asymmetry responses to lavender and rosemary aromas in adults and infants International Journal of Neuroscience 112 1305-1320   Technique Aromatherapy     Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender   Adults Anxiety Depression               Frontal Alpha & Beta Power          Math Performance                                    
6 Fernandez,M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Sanders, C., Diego, M., and Roca, A. 2004 EEG during lavender and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers Infant Behavior and Development 27 91-100   Technique Aromatherapy     Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender   Adults Anxiety Depression               Frontal Alpha & Beta Power          Math Performance                                    
7 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Seligman, S., Krasnegor, J., Sunshine, W., Rivas-Chacon, R., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 1997 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: benefits from massage therapy Journal of Pediatric Psychology 22 607-617   Disease Arthritis     Studies children with mild to moderate juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who were massage by their parents 15 minutes a day for 30 days (and a control group engaged in relaxation therapy). The children's anxiety and stess hormone (cortisol) levels were immediately decreased by the massage, and over the 30-day period their pain decreased on self-reports, parent reports, and their physician's assessment of pain (both the incidence and severity) and pain-limiting activities.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=(Parents) Relaxation Therapy Month=15min/dy=30dys=30 Visits Children Anxiety     Pain (Self Parent Physician ADL Reports)   Cortisol                                                      
8 Field, T., Henteleff, T., Hernandez-Reif M., Martinez, E., Mavunda, K., Kuhn C., & Schanberg S. 1998 Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy Journal of Pediatrics 132 854-858   Disease Asthma     This study showed positive effects of parents massaging their asthmatic children including increased peak air flow, improved pulmonary functions, less anxiety and reduced stress hormone (cortisol) in the children. Parental anxiety also decreased.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage Relaxation Therapy   Children Anxiety Parental Anxiety (Parents)       Cortisol                                 Peak Air Flow Pulmonary Functions                  
9 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., & Thimas, E. 2001 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: benefits from Tai Chi Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 5 120-123   Behavior Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder     Adolescents with ADHD displayed less anxiety, daydreaming behaviors, inappropriate emotions and hyperactivity and their conduct improved after participating in Tai Chi classes.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Tai Chi Classes   Children=Adolescents Anxiety Inappropriate Emotions                 Daydreaming Behaviours Hyperactivity                                          
10 Field, T., Quintino, O. & Hernandez-Reif, M., & Koslovsky, G. 1998 Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder benefit from massage therapy Adolescence 33 103-108   Behavior Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder     Adolescents with ADHD rated themselves as happier and were observed to fidget less after massage sessions. Also, teachers rated children receiving massage as less hyperactive and as spending more time on-task.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Adolescents Happyness (Self Rating)                   On-Task Behavior Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating) Fidgetting                                        
11 Abrams, S., Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (In Review)   ADHD symptoms in children are decreased following massage therapy         Behavior Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder     Children with ADHD showed more on-task behavior in the classroom and were rated as less hyperactive by their teachers following one month of twice weekly massages.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children                     On-Task Behavior Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating)                                          
12 Khilnani, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., and Shanberg, S. 2004 Massage therapy improves mood and behavior of students with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder Adolescence 152 623-638   Behavior Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder     Children with ADHD showed more on-task behavior in the classroom and were rated as less hyperactive by their teachers following one month of twice weekly massages.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children                     On-Task Behavior Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating)                                          
13 Field, T., Lasko, D, Mundy, P., Henteleff, T., Talpins, S., & Dowling, M. 1997 Autistic children's attentiveness and responsivity improve after touch therapy. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 27 333-338   Behavior Autistic Children     Touch sensitivity, attention to sounds and off-task classroom behavior decreased and relatedness to teachers increased after massage therapy.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Autistic                     Off-Task Classroom Behavior Attention-to-Sounds Touch Sensitivity Relatedness-to-Teachers                                      
14 Escalona, A., Field, T., Singer-Strunck, R., Cullen, C., & Hartshorn, K. 2001 Brief report: improvements in the behavior of children with autism following massage therapy. Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders 31 513-516   Behavior Autistic Children     Children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Autistic                     On-Task Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) Stereotypic Behavior Social Relatedness Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School)                               Sleep Problems        
15 Hartshorn,K., Olds, L., Field, T., Delage, J., Cullen, C. and Escalona, A. 2001 Creative movement therapy benefits children with autism Early Child and Development and Care 166 (1-5)   Behavior Autistic Children     Children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Autistic                     On-Task Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) Stereotypic Behavior Social Relatedness Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School)                               Sleep Problems        
16 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, T. 2001 Low back pain is reduced and range of motion increased after massage therapy International Journal of Neuroscience 106 131-145   Orthopedic Back Pain     Massage lessened lower back pain, depression and anxiety, and improved sleep. The massage therapy group also showed improved range of motion and their serotonin and dopamine levels were higher.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional     Anxiety Depression   Pain (Lower Back)                               ROM                 Sleep        
17 Escalona, A., Field, T., Cullen, C., Hartshorn, K., & Cruz, C. (In Review)   Behavior problem preschool children benefit from massage therapy Early Child Development and Care       Behavior Problem Children     Preschool children with behavior problems who received massage are showed more on-task behavior, less solitary play, and less aggression.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preschool Behavior Problems                     On-Task Behavior Solitary Play Aggression                                        
18 Hernandez-Reif, M., Ironsor, G., Field, T., Hurley, J., Katz, G., Diego, M., Weiss, S., Fletcher, MA., Shanberg, S and Kuhn, C. 2003 Breast cancer patients have improve immune and neuroendocrine function following massage therapy Journal of Psychosomatic Reseach 1 (1-8)   Disease Cancer (Breast)     Massage therapy reduced anxiety and depression and improved immune function including increased natural killer cell number.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Women Anxiety Depression       Natural Killer Cell Number Immune Function                                                    
19 Field, T., Shanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Fierro, K., Henteleff, T., Mueller, C., Yando, R. & Burman, I. 1998 Bulimic adolescents benefit from massage therapy Adolescence 33 555-563   Behavior Bulimia     Bulimic adolescent girls received massage therapy 2 times a week for 5 weeks. Effects included an improved body image, decreased depression and anxiety symptoms, decreased cortisol levels and increased dopamine and serotonin levels.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=2x/wk=5wks=10 Visits Children=Adolescent Girls (Bulimic) Anxiety Depression       Cortisol Serotonin                   Body Image                                
20 Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tuchel, T., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. 1998 Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 19 241-244   Disease Burn in Adults     Massage therapy sessions given prior to debridement (skin brushing) decreased depression and anger, and the subjects appeared less anxious during behavior observations and reported less pain. Lower pulse and cortisol suggested lower stress levels.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults Anxiety (Behavior Observations) Depression Anger Pain   Cortisol                                 Pulse                    
21 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Hart, S., Redzepi, M., Nierenberg, B., & Peck, M. 2001 Childrens' distressduring burn treatment is reduced by massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 22 191-195   Disease Burn in Children     Massage therapy given prior to dressing young children's (mean age = 2.5 years old) severe body burns decreased distress behaviors. Nurses also reported greater ease in completing the dressing change procedure for the children in the massage group. The massage was conducted to body parts that were not affected.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=young                     Distress Behaviors Dressing Ease (Nurses Report)                                          
22 Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tucchel, T.,Shanberg, F., Kuhn, C and Burman, I. 1998 Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 19 241-244   Disease Burn Postburn Symptoms     Massage therapy given to burn patients reportedly reduced itching, pain, and anxiety and improved mood immediately after the first and last therapy sessions, and their ratings on these measures improved from the first day to the last day of the study.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional     Anxiety Mood   Pain Itching                                                        
23 Field, T., Peck, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Krugman, S., Burman, I., & Ozment-Schenck, L. 2000 Postburn itching, pain, and psychological symptoms are reduced with massage therapy Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation 21 189-193   Disease Burn Postburn Symptoms     Massage therapy given to burn patients reportedly reduced itching, pain, and anxiety and improved mood immediately after the first and last therapy sessions, and their ratings on these measures improved from the first day to the last day of the study.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional     Anxiety Mood   Pain Itching                                                        
24 Field, T.., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hartsorn, K., Gruskin, A., Hernandez-Reif, M. and Sunshine, W. 2004 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome symptons are lessened fallowing massage therapy Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 8 (9-14)   Orthopedic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome     A daily self-massage for stretching tendons alleviated pain following one month.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Stretching Tendons Month=Daily(Self Massage)=mo=30 Visits         Pain                                                          
25 Field, T., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hartshorn, K., Gruskin, A., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Sunshine, W. (In Review)   Carpal tunnel syndrome is lessened following massage therapy. Hand       Orthopedic Carpal Tunnel Syndrome     A daily self-massage for stretching tendons alleviated pain following one month.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Stretching Tendons Month=Daily(Self Massage)=mo=30 Visits         Pain                                                          
26 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Diego, M., Manigat, N., Seonanes, J., Bornstein, J., & Waldman, R. (In Review)   Cerebral palsy symptoms in children decreased following massage therapy Journal of Early Intervention       Disease Cerebral Palsy     Massage therapy helped children with CP reduce spasticity, gain more muscle flexibility, and motor function and have more positive social interaction.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children                     Social Interaction                 Flexibility (Muscle) Spasticity Motor Function                      
27 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field,T.., Largie, S., Diego, M., Manigat, N., Seonares, J., Bornstein, J and Waldman, R. (In press and 2004)   Cerebral Palsy Symptoms in children decreased following a massage therapy Early Child Development and Care       Disease Cerebral Palsy     Massage therapy helped children with CP reduce spasticity, gain more muscle flexibility, and motor function and have more positive social interaction.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children                     Social Interaction                 Flexibility (Muscle) Spasticity Motor Function                      
28 Field, T, Sunshine, W., Hernandez-Reif, M., Quintino, O., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. 1997 Chronic fatigue syndrome: Massage therapy effects on depression and somatic symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome 3 43-51   Disease Chronic Fatigue Syndrome     Immediately following massage therapy depressed mood, anxiety and stress hormone (cortisol) levels were reduced. Following 10 days of massage therapy, fatigue related symptoms, particularly anxiety and somatic symptoms, were reduced, as were depression, difficulty sleeping and pain. Stress hormone (cortisol) also decreased and dopamine increased.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits   Anxiety Depressed Mood Somatic Symptoms Pain   Cortisol Dopamine                                           Sleeping (Difficulty) Fatigue Related Symptoms Fatigue Related Symptoms Fatigue Related Symptoms Fatigue Related Symptoms
29 Scafidi, F., Field, T., Wheeden, A., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Symanski, R., Zimmerman, E., & Bandstra, E. S. 1996 Cocaine exposed preterm neonates show behavioral and hormonal differences Pediatrics 97 851-855   Infants Cocaine Exposed Newborns     Massaged newborns had fewer postnatal complications and showed increased weight gain, and better performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (particularly on the motor scale), and less stress behaviors following 10 days of massage.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits Children=Newborns                     Stress Behaviors       Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale Performance (particularly on the motor scale)                     Weight Gain Postnatal Complications            
30 Jones, N.A., Field, T., Davalos, M., and Hart, S. (In press and 2004)   Cocaine-exposed children show greater right frontal EEG asymmetry and non-empatheric behavior International Journal of Neuroscience       Infants Cocaine Exposed Newborns     Massaged newborns had fewer postnatal complications and showed increased weight gain, and better performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (particularly on the motor scale), and less stress behaviors following 10 days of massage.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits Children=Newborns                     Stress Behaviors       Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale Performance (particularly on the motor scale)                     Weight Gain Postnatal Complications            
31 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., & Martinez, E. 1999 Cystic fibrosis symptoms are reduced with massage therapy intervention Journal of Pediatric Psychology 24 183-189   Disease Cystic Fibrosis     Children receiving daily bedtime massages from their parents reported being less anxious, and their mood and peak air flow readings improved.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage Day=Daily (Parent Massage-Bedtime) Children Anxiety Mood                                         Peak Air Flow                    
32 Leivadi, S., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., O'Rourke, M., D'Arienzo, S., Lewis, D., Del Pino, N., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 1999 Massage therapy and relaxation effects on university dance students Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 3 108-112   Technique Massage & Relaxation Dancers     Massage therapy improved range of motion, mood, and performance (including balance and posture) and decreased stress hormone (cortisol) after one month of twice weekly massage therapy.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=2x/wk=8 Visits Adults=Dancers   Mood       Cortisol                           ROM Performance (including balance and posture)                        
33 Jones, N., & Field, T. 1999 Right frontal EEG asymmetry is attenuated by massage and music therapy. Adolescence 34 529-534   Emotion Depressed Mothers' EEG Patterns are Changed by Massage and Music Therapy     Brief sessions of massage therapy and music therapy were noted to shift the EEG of depressed mothers from greater relative right frontal activation (a pattern associated with depression) to symmetry.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Music Therapy Brief Sessions Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers                   EEG (relative right frontal activation=depression to Symetry (Normal))                                              
34 Tornek, A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M. and Jones, N. 2003 Music effects on EEG in intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms Psychiatry 66 (3) 234-243   Emotion Depressed Mothers' EEG Patterns are Changed by Massage and Music Therapy     Brief sessions of massage therapy and music therapy were noted to shift the EEG of depressed mothers from greater relative right frontal activation (a pattern associated with depression) to symmetry.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Music Therapy Brief Sessions Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers                   EEG (relative right frontal activation=depression to Symetry (Normal))                                              
35 Pelaez-Nogueras, M., Gewirtz, J.L., Field, T., Cigales, M., Malphurs, J., Clasky, S., & Sanchez, A. 1996 Infant preference for touch stimulation in face-to-face interactions Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 17 199-213   Infants Touch Stimulation     Infants showed more eye contact when adults, who were smiling and cooing, also touched them as compared to infants who received smiling and cooing without touch.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation=Adults Smiling and Cooing while Touching   Children=Infants                     Eye Contact                                            
36 Pelaez-Nogueras, M., Field, T., Hossain, Z., & Pickens, J. 1996  Depressed mothers' touching increases infants' positive affect and attention in still-face interactions Child Development 67 1780-1792   Emotion Depressed Mothers' Touching Increases Infants' Positive Affect and Attention     Depressed mothers increased their infant's positive affect and attentiveness by providing touch stimulation.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Touch Stimulation (Depressed Matohers)   Children=Infants                     Positive Affect Attentiveness                                          
37 Malphurs, J., Raag, T., Field, T., Pickens, J., & Pelaez-Nogueras, M. 1996 Touch by intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms Early Development and Parenting 5 111-115   Emotion Depressed Mothers Touching Infants     Mothers with depressive symptoms who were more likely to touch their infants in a negative way were more likely to be classified as intrusive.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers                     Mothers Observed Behavior (Classification=Intrusive)                                            
38 Lundy, B.L., Field, T., Cuadra, A., Nearing, G., Cigales, M. & Hashimoto, M. 1996 Mothers with depressive symptoms touching their newborns Early Development and Parenting 5 124-130   Emotion Depressed Mothers Touching Newborns     Mothers with depressed symptoms were compared to mothers with non-depressed symptoms one day after delivery on how they touched their newborns following an initial feeding. Depressed mothers touched their newborns less frequently.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Adults=Women=Mothers (Depressed Symptoms) Mothers (Non-Depressed Symptoms)                     Touch Frequency (Newbarns)                                            
39 Field, T., Diego, M., Dieter, J., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (In Review)   Depressed pregnant women benefit from massage therapy         Emotion Depressed Pregnant Mothers     This study is assessing the effects of massage therapy on depressed pregnant women expecting to find decreased depression, stress hormones, and obstetric complications including lower prematurity rates.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Women=Pregnat Women (Depressed)   Depression       Stress Hormones                                       Obstetric Complications Prematurity Rates            
40 Field, T., Grizzle, N., Scafidi, F., & Schanberg, S. 1996 Massage and relaxation therapies' effects on depressed adolescent mothers Adolescence 31 903-911   Emotion Depressed Teenage Mothers     Teenage mothers who received massage therapy versus those who received relaxation therapy were less depressed and less anxious both by their own report and based on behavior observations. In addition, their urinary cortisol levels were lower and their serotonin levels were higher, indicating they were less stressed and less depressed.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Relaxation Therapy   Chlldren=Adolescent=Mothers (Teenage) Anxiety (Self Report & Behavior Observatios) Depression (Self Report & Behavior Observatios)       Cortisol (Urinary) Serotonin                                                    
41 Schachner, L., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Duarte, A., & Krasnegor, J. 1998 Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms Decrease in Children Following Massage Therapy Pediatric Dermatology 15 390-395   Disease Dermatitis in Children     Children's affect and activity levels improved as did all measures of skin condition including less redness, lichenification, excoriation, and pruritis after massage therapy. Parents' anxiety levels also decreased.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children Adults=Parents Anxiety (Parents)                                                 Skin Condition (Redness, Lichenification, Excoriation, and Pruritis)              
42 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., LaGreca A., Shaw, K., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 1997 Massage therapy lowers blood glucose levels in children with Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes Spectrum 10 237-239   Disease Diabetes     Following one month of parents massaging their children with diabetes, the children's glucose levels decreased to the normal range and their increased dietary compliance increased. Also the parents' and children's anxiety and depression levels decreased.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage Month=1 Month Children=Diabetic Anxiety (Parents & Children) Depression (Parents & Children)       Glucose         Dietary Compliance                                            
43 Hernandez-Reif, M., Ironson, G., Field, T., Largie, S., Deigo, M., Mora, D., & Bornstein, J. (In Review)   Children with Down Syndrome improved in motor function and muscle tone following massage therapy Journal of Early Intervention       Disease Down Syndrome     Infants with Down syndrome improved in muscle tone and in performance on motor tasks following massage therapy.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Infants=Down Syndrome                             Motor Tasks (Performance)         Muscle Tone                          
44 Schanberg, S. & Field, T. 1987 Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and preterm human neonate Child Development 58 1431-1447   Miscellaneous Rats Early Stimulation     Research is reviewed on the critical nature of rubbing the rat pup and the preterm newborn for their growth and development.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Rubbing   Rats=Rat Pup Children=Newborn=Preterm                                                   Growth & Development (Review Article=No Results)              
45 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Quintino, 0., Schanberg, S. & Kuhn, C. 1998 Elder retired volunteers benefit from giving massage therapy to infants Journal of Applied Gerontology 17 229-239   Technique Elderly Retired Volunteers Providing Versus Receiving Massage     Elderly retired volunteers were assessed after giving infants massage for a month versus receiving massage for a month themselves. Results were: 1) they reported less anxiety and fewer depressive symptoms and an improved mood after giving infants massage; 2) their pulse decreased; 3) their cortisol levels decreased; and 4) they reported improved self esteem and a better lifestyle (e.g. fewer doctor visits and more social contacts) after the one month period. These effects were stronger for giving infants the massages than receiving massages themselves, suggesting that the massager can benefit from simply giving massages.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Massage=NonProfessional=Volunteer Massage to infants Month=1 Month Adults=Seniors=Elderly Retired Volunteers (Giving Vs Receiving Massage) Anxiety Depression Mood     Cortisol         Life style (Self Report) (Doctor Visits-Social Contacts)           Self Esteem                                
46 Cullen, C., Field, T., Escalona, A., & Hartshorn, K. 2000 Father-infants interactions are enhanced by massage therapy Early Child Development and Care 164 41-47   Technique Father-Infant Massage     Fathers gave their infants daily massages 15 minutes prior to bedtime for one month. The fathers in the massage group showed more optimal interaction behavior with their infants.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents=Fathers Month=Daily (Parent Massage-15 min prior Bedtime)=30 Visits Adults=Men=Fathers who give daily massage to their infants                     Interaction Behavior with their Infants                                            
47 Sunshine, W., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Quintino, O., Fierro, K., Kuhn, C., Burman, I., and Schanberg, S. 1996 Fibromyalgia benefits from massage therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 2 18-22   Disease Fibromyalgia Syndrome     Massage therapy (as compared to transcutaneous electrical stimulation) improved sleep patterns and decreased pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression and cortisol levels.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation   Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients Anxiety Depression   Pain   Cortisol                                             Sleep Patterns Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue
48 Field, T., Delage, J. and Hernandez-Reif, M. 2003 Movement and massage therapy reduces fibromyalgia pain Journal of Bodywork annd Movement Therapies 1 49-52   Disease Fibromyalgia Syndrome     Massage therapy (as compared to transcutaneous electrical stimulation) improved sleep patterns and decreased pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression and cortisol levels.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation   Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients Anxiety Depression   Pain   Cortisol                                             Sleep Patterns Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue Fatigue
49 Field, T., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sunshine, W., & Douglas, S. 2002 Fibromyalgia pain and substance P decrease and sleep improves after massage therapy Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 8 72-76   Disease Fibromyalgia     Fibromyalgia patients slept better (showed lower activity levels suggesting more deep sleep), and had lower substance P levels and less pain following a month of biweekly massages.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=2x/wk=8 Visits Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients       Pain   Substance P                                             Sleep (Bsed on Nightime Activity Levels)        
50 Scafidi, F. & Field, T. 1997 Massage therapy improves behavior in neonates born to HIV positive mothers Journal of Pediatric Psychology 21 889-897   Disease HIV Exposed Newborns     Increased weight gain and improved performance on the Brazelton Newborn Scale (motor and state scales) were experienced by the massaged newborns.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Infants=Neonates (born to HIV positive mothers)                             Brazelton Newborn Scale Performance (Motor and State Scales)                     Weight Gain              
51 Diego, M.A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, K., Friedman, L., and Ironson, G. 2001 HIV adolescents show improved immune function following massage therapy International Journal of Neuroscience 106 35-45   Disease HIV in Adolescents     Natural killer cells, CD4 cells and CD4/CD8 ratio increased after one month of massage therapy.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=1 Month Children=Adolescents=HIV Adolescents           Natural Killer Cells CD4 Cells CD4/CD8 Ratio                                                  
52 Ironson, G., Field, T., Scafidi, F., Hashimoto, M., Kumar, M., Kumar, A., Price, A., Goncalves, A., Burman, I., Tetenman, C., Patarca, R., & Fletcher, M. A. 1996 Massage therapy is associated with enhancement of the immune system's cytotoxic capacity International Journal of Neuroscience 84 205-218   Disease HIV Positive Adults     This study examined massage therapy effects on anxiety and depression levels and on immune function. The subjects received a 45-minute massage five times weekly for a 1-month period. The findings were that: 1) anxiety, stress and cortisol levels were significantly reduced; and 2) natural killer cells and natural killer cell activity increased, suggesting positive effects on the immune system.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=5x(45 min ses)/wk=20 Visits Adults=HIV Positive Anxiety Stress       Cortisol Natural Killer Cells Natural Killer Cell Activity                                                  
53 Field, T., Quintino, O., Henteleff, T., Wells-Keife, L., & Delvecchio-Feinberg, G. 1997 Job stress reduction therapies Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 3 54-56   Emotion Hospital Job Stress     Hospital nursing and physician staff members were provided massage therapy, relaxation therapy and music therapy. These therapies significantly reduced anxiety, depression and fatigue as well as increased vigor.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Relaxation Therapy Music Therapy   Adults=Hospital nursing and physician staff Anxiety Depression                                                     Fatigue Vigor Vigor Vigor Vigor
54 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, H., Hossain, Z., & Burman, I. 2000 High blood pressure and associated symptoms were reduced by massage therapy Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 4 31-38   Cardiovascular Hypertension     Massage therapy decreased diastolic blood pressure, anxiety and cortisol (stress hormone) levels.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional     Anxiety         Cortisol                                       Diastolic Blood Pressure              
55 Field, T., Grizzle, N., Scafidi, F., Abrams, S., & Richardson, S., Kuhn, C. and Shanberg, S. 1996 Massage therapy for infants of depressed mothers Infant Behavior and Development 19 109-114   Infants Infants of Depressed Mothers     Infants who received massage therapy versus those who were rocked experienced 1) greater daily weight gain; 2) more organized sleep/wake behaviors; 3) less fussiness; 4) improved sociability and soothability, 5) improved interaction behaviors; and 6) lower cortisol and norepinephrine and increased serotonin levels (suggesting less depression).
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Therapy Rocking   Children=Infants of depressed mothers           Cortisol Serotonin Norepinephrine     Organized Sleep/Wake Behaviors Fussiness Sociability  Interaction Behaviors Soothability                       Daily Weight Gain              
56 Diego, M., Field, T., Hart, S., Hernandez-Reif, M., Jones, N., Cullen, C., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 2002 Facial expressions and EEG in infants of intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms Depression and Anxiety 15 (10-17)   Infants Infants of Depressed Mothers     Infants of intrusive mothers with depresive symptoms showed more differential responding to the facial expressions than the infants of withdrawn mothers.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Children=Infants of intrusive mothers with depresive symtoms Children=Infants of withdrawn mothers                     Differential Responding to Facial Expressions                                            
57 Field, T. 1986 Interventions for premature infants Journal of Pediatrics 109 183-191   Infants Interventions for Premature Infants     Early touch interventions and their effects on high-risk infants are reviewed.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Touch Interventions   Children=Infants=High -Risk Infants                                                                  
58 Field, T., Ironson, G., Scafidi, F., Nawrocki, T., Goncalves, A., Burman, I., Pickens, J., Fox, N., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 1996 Massage therapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG pattern of alertness and math computations International Journal of Neuroscience 86 197-205   Emotion Job Performance Stress     Massaged subjects showed 1) decreased frontal EEG alpha and beta waves and increased delta activity consistent with enhanced alertness; 2) math problems were completed in significantly less time with significantly fewer errors after the massage; and 3) anxiety, cortisol (stress hormone) and job stress levels were lower at the end of the 5 week period.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Month=5 Weeks   Anxiety         Cortisol       Frontal EEG Alpha and Beta Waves & Delta Activity         Math Problems (Time to Completion & Error Rate)   Job Stress Levels                                
59 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Seligman, S., Krasnegor, J., Sunshine, W., Rivas-Chacon, R., & Schanberg, S. and Kuhn, C. 1997 Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis benefits from massage therapy Journal of Pediatric Psychology 22 607-617   Disease Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis     Positive effects of parents massaging their arthritic children included less pain (particularly at night) and less morning stiffness as assessed by the Parent, Child and Physician's Assessment as well as lower anxiety and cortisol levels.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents   Children=Children with Rheumatoid Arthritis Anxiety     Pain (particularly at night)(Parent, Child and Physician's Assessment) Morning Stiffness (Parent, Child and Physician's Assessment) Cortisol                                                      
60 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Taylor, S., & Quintino, 0., & Burman, I. 1997 Labor pain is reduced by massage therapy Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 18 286-291   Pregnancy Labor Pain     Massage therapy during labor decreased anxiety and pain. In addition, the massaged mothers had shorter labor, shorter hospital stay and less depressed mood.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Women=Mothers in Labor Anxiety Depression   Pain                                           Length of Labor Length of hospitalization            
61 Cigales, M., Field, T., Lundy, B., Cuadra, A. & Hart, S. 1997 Massage enhances recovery from habituation in normal infants Infant Behavior & Development 20 29-34   Behavior Learning by Infants     Massaging the lower limbs for a few minutes enhanced habituation (or simple learning) by infants.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Massaging Lower Limbs Minutes=Few Minutes Children=Infants                             Habituation (or simple learning)                                    
62 Hart, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Lundy, B. 1998 Preschoolers' cognitive performance improves following massage Early Child Development & Care 143 59-64   Behavior Learning in Preschoolers     Preschoolers who received a 15-minute massage showed better performance on the block design and greater accuracy on the animal pegs subsets of the WPPSI.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Minutes=15-Minutes Children=Preschoolers                             Block Design (Performance)  Animal Pegs (Accuracy) (Subsets of the WPPSI)                                  
63 Field, T., Cullen, C., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sprinz, P., Beebe, K., Kissell, B., & Bango-Sanchez, V. 2001 Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapy 3 (1-5)   Disease Leukemia     Twenty children with leukemia were provided with daily massages by their parents and were compared to a standard treatment control group. Following a month of massage therapy, depressed mood decreased in the children's parents, and the children's white blood cell and neutrophil counts increased.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Month=Daily=30 Visits Children=Children with Leukemia Adults=Parents   Depression       White Blood Cell Count Neutrophil Count                                                    
64 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Dieter, J., Swerdlow. & Diego, M. 1998 Migraine headaches were reduced by massage therapy International Journal of Neuroscience 96 (1-11)   Disease Migraine Headaches     Massage therapy decreased the occurrence of headaches, sleep disturbances and distress symptoms and increased serotonin levels.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Migraine Headache Patients       Headaches Distress Symptoms Serotonin                                             Sleep Disturbances        
65 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Field, T., & Theakston, H. 1998 Multiple Sclerosis patients benefit from massage therapy Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 2 168-174   Disease Multiple Sclerosis     Massage therapy decreased anxiety and depressed mood, and improved self-esteem, body image and social functioning.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Multiple Sclerosis Patients Anxiety Depression                             Body Image Self-Esteem Social Functioning                            
66 Prodromidis, M., Field, T., Arendt, R., Singer, L., Yando, R. & Bendell, D. 1995 Mothers touching newborns: A comparison of rooming-in versus minimal contact Birth 22 196-200   Infants Newborns     Women who had extended and early contact with their newborns looked at, talked to, and touched their infants more, watched less television, and talked less on the telephone than mothers with minimal contact with their infants. These findings suggest that increased postpartum contact with infants leads not only to more interaction, but also to more touching as well as touching in more intimate places (face and head), thus highlighting the value of rooming-in arrangements for mothers and infants.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Extended Postpartum Contact with Infants (Rooming-In) Minimal Postpartum Contact with Infants (No Rooming-In)   Adults=Women=Mothers with Newborns                     Infant Interaction (Looking, Talking, Intimate Touching (Face & Head) Other Behaviors (TV Viewing, Telephone Talking)                                          
67 Field, T. 1987 Alleviating stress in NICU neonates Review Journal of the American Osteopathic Association 87 646-650   Infants Newborns     Alleviating Stress in Intensive-Care Neonates: Intensive care nursery environments and their effects as well as positive tactile stimulation effects are reviewed.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Tactile Stimulation   Children=Newborns                                                                  
68 Field, T. 1990 Alleviating stress in newborn infants in the intensive care unit Perinatology 17 (1-9)   Infants Newborns     Alleviating Stress in Newborns: Stressful effects of intensive care nursery environments are reviewed including the effects of high-intensity noise, bright lights, cold, invasive and painful procedures. Touch interventions were associated with 1) fewer startle responses, 2) decreased need for ventilation, and 3) fewer clenched fists. The stimulated infants averaged greater weight gain, were awake and active for a greater period of time and scored better on the Brazelton Scale.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Touch Interventions High-Intensity Noise Bright Lights Cold Invasive and Painful Procedures   Children=Newborns                     Startle Responses Clenched Fists Alertness Activity Level Brazelton Scale Performance               Ventilation Needs     Weight Gain              
69 Field, T., T., Schanberg, S., Davalos, M. & Malphurs, J. 1996 Massage with oil has more positive effects on newborn infants Pre and Perinatal Psychology Journal 11 73-78   Technique Oil Versus No Oil Massage     Infants showed fewer stress behaviors (e.g. grimacing and clenched fists) and lower cortisol levels (stress hormones) following massage with oil versus massage without oil.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Oil Massage=Professional=Without Oil   Children=Newborns           Cortisol         Stress Behaviors (e.g. Grimacing and Clenched fists)                                            
70 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Cullen, C., Beutler, J., Sanders, C. Weiner, W., Rodriguez-Bateman, D., Zelaya, L., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. 2002 Parkinson's disease symptoms are differentially affected by massage therapy versus progressive muscle relaxation: A pilot study Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies       Disease Parkinson's Disease     Adults with Parkinson's Disease were assigned to receive massage therapy or progressive muscle relaxation twice a week for five weeks. The massaged group received higher physician scores on daily living activities and the participants rated themselves as improved in daily functioning, having more effective and less disturbed sleep.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Progressive Muscle Relaxation Month=2x/Wk=5wks=10 Visits Adults=Parkinson's Disease Patients                                                         Physician Scores (Daily Living Activities) Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep)
71 Field, T., Peck, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Stern, S., Burman, I., Krugman, S., & Ozment-Schenck, L. 2000 Postburn itching, pain, and psychological symptoms are reduced with massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 21 189-193   Disease Burn (Post)     Ten massage therapy sessions led to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars from burns.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) Anxiety Depression Anger Pain Itching                                                        
72 Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tuchel, T., Shanberg, F., Kuhn, C. and Burman, I. 1998 Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 19 241-244   Disease Burn (Post)     Ten massage therapy sessions led to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars from burns.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) Anxiety Depression Anger Pain Itching                                                        
73 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Hart, S., Redzepi, M., Nieremberg, B. and Peck, M. 2001 Children distress during burn treatments is reduced by massage therapy Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation 22 191-195   Disease Burn (Post)     Ten massage therapy sessions led to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars from burns.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=10 Days=10 Visits Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) Anxiety Depression Anger Pain Itching                                                        
74 Field, T., Seligman, S., Scafidi, F., & Schanberg, S. 1996 Alleviating postraumatic stress in children following Hurricane Andrew Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 17 37-50   Emotion Post Traumatic Stress Disorder     Massage therapy decreased the anxiety, depression and stress hormone levels (cortisol) of children who survived Hurricane Andrew. In addition, their drawings became less depressed.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Survivers Hurricane Andrew Anxiety Depression       Cortisol                                                      
75 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Hart, S., Theakston, H., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. 1999 Pregnant women benefit from massage therapy Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 19 31-38   Pregnancy Pregnancy     This study showed decreased anxiety and stress hormones (norepinephrine) during pregnancy and fewer obstetric and postnatal complications including lower prematurity rates following pregnancy massage.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Pregnacy   Adults=Women=Pregnant Women Anxiety         Norepinephrine                                       Obstetric & Postnatal complications (Including Prematurity Rates)              
76 Diego, M., Dieter, J., Field, T., Lecanuet, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Beutler, J., Largie, S., Redzepi, M., & Salman, F. 2002 Fetal activity following vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen and foot and hand massage Developmental Psychobiology 41 396-406   Pregnancy Pregnancy     Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage Minute=3 Minutes Fetus=Midgestation                     Fetal Activity During Midgestation                                            
77 Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shanberg, S. and Kuhn, C. ( In press) 2004 Masssage therapy effects on depressed pregnant women Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecolog       Pregnancy Pregnancy     Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage Minute=3 Minutes Fetus=Midgestation                     Fetal Activity During Midgestation                                            
78 Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandedz-Reif, M., Shanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Yando, R and Bendell, D. (In review)   Pregnancy Anxiety Effects on the Fetus and Neonate         Pregnancy Pregnancy     Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage Minute=3 Minutes Fetus=Midgestation                     Fetal Activity During Midgestation                                            
79 Hernandez-Reif, M., Martinez, A., Field, T., Quintino, O., Hart, S. & Burman, I. 2000 Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms are relieved by massage therapy Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecolog 21 (9-15)   Disease Premenstrual Symptoms     Mood improved and anxiety, pain and water retention symptoms decreased after massage therapy.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adult=Women Premenstrual Syndrome Anxiety Mood   Pain Water Retention Symptoms                                                        
80 Field, T., Harding, J. Soliday, B., Lasko, D., Gonzalez, N. & Valdeon, C. 1998 Touching in infant, toddler and preschool nurseries Early Child Development and Care 98 113-120   Behavior Touch in Preschools     Teachers touching children was rarely observed in infant, toddler and preschool nurseries. These data were then presented to the teachers along with examples of appropriate touch, and they were requested to provide more touching in the classroom. The amount of touching subsequently increased.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Touching Instruction   Adults=Teachers                     Amount of Touching (Teachers Touching Children)                                            
81 Cigales, M., Field, T., Hossain, Z., Pelaez-Nogueras, M. & Gewirtz, J. 1996 Touch among children at nursery school Early Child Development and Care 126 101-110   Behavior Touch in Preschools     Preschoolers demonstrated less "task" related touch but more "communication" related touch in their classroom as compared to the infants and toddlers in their classrooms. Affectionate touch and aggressive touch was more prevalent among toddlers than other age children.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Children=Preschoolers Children=Infants/Toddlers                     Task Related Touch Communication Related Touch Affectionate Touch Aggressive Touch                                      
82 Field, T. 1999 Preschoolers in America are touched less and are more aggressive than preschoolers in France Early Child Development and Care 151 (11-17)   Behavior Touch in Preschool Children in U.S. and France     Studies compared a high touch culture (France) and a low touch culture (U.S.) on preschool playgrounds and at McDonald's Restaurants in Paris and Miami. Data analyses suggest that preschool children in Paris are touched more by their mothers and touch each other more and are less aggressive toward their peers.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Children=Preschoolers (high touch culture (France)) (low touch culture (U.S.))  (preschool playgrounds) (McDonald's Restaurants) (Paris and Miami)                     Mothers Touching Child Child to Child Touch Child to Child Aggressive Touch                                        
83 Dieter, J., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Emory, E and Redzepi, M. 2003 Preterm infants gain more weight and sleep less following 5 days of massage therapy Journal of Pediatric Psychology 28(6) 403-411   Infants Preterm Infant Massage in Five Days     Preterm infants gained more weight following as few as 5 days of massage therapy.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=5 Days=5 Visits Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain              
84 Morrow, C., Field, T., Scafidi, F.A., Roberts, J., Eisen, L., Larson, S.K., Hogan, A.E., and Bandstra, E.S. 1991 Differential effects of massage and heelstick procedures on Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in preterm neonates Infant Behavior and Development 14 397-414   Infants Preterm Neonates' Responses to massage and Heelsticks     Routine heelstick procedures and tactile-kinesthetic massage were performed on stabilized preterm neonates to examine the differential effects on Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension (TcPO2). TcPO2 levels during the heelstick were significantly lower than during the massage stimulation. The findings indicate that social forms of touch such as massage do not appear to have a medically compromising effect on TcPO2.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=tactile-kinesthetic Routine heelstick procedures   Children=Preterm Neonates                                             Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension (TcPO2)                    
85 Field, T., Schanberg, S. M., Scafidi, F., Bauer, C. R., Vega-Lahr, N., Garcia, R., Nystrom, J., & Kuhn, C. M. 1986 Tactile/ kinesthetic stimulation effects on preterm neonates Pediatrics 77 654-658   Infants Preterm Newborns Gain More Weight     Preterm infants gained 47% more weight, became more socially responsive, and were discharged 6 days earlier at a hospital cost savings of $10,000 per infant (or 4.7 billion dollars if the 470,000 preemies born each year were massaged). The underlying biological mechanism for weight gain in the massaged preterm newborns may be an increase in vagal tone and, in turn, an increase in insulin (food absorption hormone).
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants                     Social Responsiveness                             Weight Gain Discharge Date            
86 Field, T. 2001 Massage therapy facilitates weight gain in preterm infants Current Directions in Psychological Science 10 51-54   Infants Preterm Newborns Gain More Weight     Although the underlying mechanism for this relationship between massage therapy and weight gain has not yet been established, possibilities that have been explored in studies with both humans and rats include (a) increased protein synthesis, (b) increased vagal activity that releases food-absorption hormones like insulin and enhances gastric motility and (c) decreased cortisol levels leading to increased oxytocin.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants           Cortisol (Oxytocin Levels) Protein Synthesis Food Absorbption Hormones (Insuline)   Vagal Activity                             Gastric Motility                
87 Scafidi, F., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Bauer, C., Vega-Lahr, N., & Garcia, R. 1986 Effects of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation on the clinical course and sleep/wake behavior of preterm neonates Infant Behavior and Development 9 91-105   Infants Preterm Newborns Sleep Better     Preterm infants who were massaged before sleep fell asleep more quickly and slept more soundly with better sleep patterns. They showed improved weight gain as compared to infants who were not massaged before sleep.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants=Before Sleep                   Sleep Depth (Sleep Patterns)                                     Sleep (Time to Fall Asleep)  Weight Gain  Weight Gain  Weight Gain  Weight Gain
88 Scafidi, F., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Bauer, C, Tucci, K., Roberts, J., Morrow, C., & Kuhn, C.M. 1990 Massage stimulates growth in preterm infants: A replication Infant Behavior and Development 13 167-188   Infants Preterm Newborns Have a Better Clinical Course     Preterm Infants received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation over a 10-day period. The infants averaged 21% greater weight gain per day and spent more time awake and active during sleep/wake behavior observations.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=tactile/kinesthetic stimulation Observation Day=10 Days Children=Preterm Infants                     Sleep/ Wake Behavior                             Weight Gain              
89 Scafidi, F., Field, T., & Schanberg, S. 1993 Factors that predict which preterm infants benefit most from massage therapy Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 14 176-180   Infants Preterm Infants Who Benefit the Most From Massage     Preterm infants received three daily 15-minute massages for 10 days. The massage therapy infants gained significantly more weight per day than did the control infants. For the massage therapy group, the pattern of greater caloric intake and more days in Intermediate care before the study period along with more obstetric complications differentiated the high from the low weight gainers, suggesting that the infants who had experienced more complications before the study benefited more from the massage therapy.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=3x/day=15 min/Session=10 Days=30 Sessions Children=Preterm Infants           Caloric Intake                                       Weight Gain Days In Intermediate Care Obstetric Complications          
90 Field, T 2002 Preterm infant massage therapy studies: An American approach Seminars in Neonatology 7 487-494   Infants Preterm Infants Who Benefit the Most From Massage     Preterm infants received three daily 15-minute massages for 10 days. The massage therapy infants gained significantly more weight per day than did the control infants. For the massage therapy group, the pattern of greater caloric intake and more days in Intermediate care before the study period along with more obstetric complications differentiated the high from the low weight gainers, suggesting that the infants who had experienced more complications before the study benefited more from the massage therapy.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=3x/day=15 min/Session=10 Days=30 Sessions Children=Preterm Infants           Caloric Intake                                       Weight Gain Days In Intermediate Care Obstetric Complications          
91 Field, T., Scafidi, & Schanberg, S. 1987 Massage of preterm newborns to improve growth and development. Pediatric Nursing   13 385-387   Infants Preterm Infants Develop Better     Preterm infants who received massage therapy as newborns showed greater weight gain and more optimal cognitive and motor development eight months later.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants                                 Cognitive and Motor Development                 Weight Gain              
92 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Diego, M., & Beutler, J. 2001 Letter-to-the-Editor: Evidence-Based Medicine and Massage Pediatrics 108 (4) 1053   Infants Preterm Infants' Weight Influences Massage Therapy Benefits     In a review of preterm infant massage studies, massage therapy was found to facilitate weight gain only when the intervention was started when the preterm infant weighed between 1100 and 1300 g.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain (Timing Between 1100 &1300 g.)              
93 Field, T. 2001 Massage therapy facilitates weight gain in preterm infants Current Directions in Psychological Science 10 51-54   Infants Preterm Infants' Weight Influences Massage Therapy Benefits     In a review of preterm infant massage studies, massage therapy was found to facilitate weight gain only when the intervention was started when the preterm infant weighed between 1100 and 1300 g.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain (Timing Between 1100 &1300 g.)              
94 Field, T., Morrow, C., Valdeon, C., Larson, S., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S. 1992 Massage therapy reduces anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric patients Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 31 125-130   Emotion Psychiatric Patients (Child and Adolescent)     Following five 30-minute massages these children/ adolescents had better sleep patterns, lower depression and anxiety and lower stress hormone levels (cortisol and norepinephrine).
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional Day=5=30 minute=5 Sessions Children=Children/Adolescent Anxiety Depression       Cortisol Norepinephrine                                           Sleep Patterns        
95 Pauk, J., Kuhn, C., Field, T., and Schanberg, S. 1986 Positive effects of tactile versus kinesthetic or vestibular stimulation on neuroendocrine and ODC activity in maternally deprived rat pups Life Science 39 2081-2087   Miscellaneous Rat Pups     Maternally deprived rat pups showed increased growth hormone following simulated rubbing.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Rubbing   Rats=Rat Pup (Maternally Deprived)           Growth Hormone                                                      
96 Field, T. 1995 Massage therapy for infants and children Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics 16 105-111   Review Review Paper     Massage Therapy for Infants and Children: The effects of massage therapy on infants and children with various medical conditions are reviewed. The conditions range from infants who are premature, cocaine-exposed, HIV-exposed and infants of depressed mothers. The childhood conditions include asthma, burns, cancer, dermatitis, diabetes, eating disorders (bulimia), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric disorders.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Infants/Children                                                                  
97 Field, T. 1999 Massage therapy: More than a laying on of hands Contemporary Pediatrics 16 77-94   Review Review Paper     Massage Therapy Effects on Infants and Children: Infant and child massage therapy studies ranging across several conditions are reviewed along with recommendations to pediatricians and parents.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Infants/Children                                                                  
98 Field, T. 1998 Massage therapy effects American Psychologist 53 1270-1281   Review Review Paper     Massage Therapy Effects: Infant, child and adult massage therapy studies ranging across many conditions including attention disorders, depression, addictions, pain syndrome, immune and autoimmune disorders are reviewed along with potential underlying mechanisms.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Infants/Children Adult                                                                  
99 Field, T. 2002 Massage therapy Complementary and Alternative Medicine 86 163-171   Review Review Paper     Massage Therapy: Research on massage therapy and its effects on various conditions including depression, anorexia nervosa, smoking, fibromyalgia, migraine headaches, immune disorders, and diabetes.

   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults Children                                                                  
100 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Hart, S., Quintino, O., Drose, L., Field, T., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S 1997 Sexual abuse effects are lessened by massage therapy Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 1 65-69   Emotion Sexual Abuse     Massage therapy reduced aversion to touch and decreased anxiety, depression and cortisol levels, in women who had been sexually or physically abused.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Women=Sexually or hysically Abused Anxiety Depression       Cortisol                     Aversion to Touch                                
101 Field, T., Kilmer, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Burman, I. 1996 Preschool Children's Sleep and Wake Behavior: Effects of massage therapy Early Child Development and Care 120 39-44   Behavior Sleep by Preschoolers     Preschool children who received massage fell asleep sooner, and slept longer during nap time, had decreased activity levels and better behavior ratings.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Children=Preschool                     Activity Levels Behavior Ratings                                 Sleep (Time to Sleep and Duration during nap time)        
102 Field, T. & Hernandez-Reif, M. 2001 Sleep problems in infants decrease following massage therapy Early Child Development and Care 168 95-104   Behavior Sleep Disturbances in Infants     Infants who received massage therapy before bedtime by a parent experienced less difficulty falling asleep and better sleep patterns.
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage Day=Before Bedtime Children=Infants                                                         Falling Asleep Sleep Patterns Sleep Patterns Sleep Patterns Sleep Patterns
103 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., and Hart, S. 1999 cravings are reduced by self-massage Preventive Medicine 28 28-32   Behavior Smoking     Cravings, anxious behaviors and the number of cigarettes smoked were reduced by self-massage (rubbing ear lobes or hands whenever subjects experienced a craving).
   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Rubbing Ear Loabes or Hands with Craving   Adults                     Cravings Anxious Behaviors Number of Cigarettes Smoked                                        
104 Diego, M., Field, T., and Hernandez-Reif, M., Brucker, B., Hart, S., & Burman, I. 2002 Spinal cord patients benefits from massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience   112 133-142   Disease Spinal Cord Injuries     Massage therapy improved functional abilities, range of motion and muscle strength in spinal cord injury patients.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional   Adults=Spinal Cord Injury Patients                                       Functional Abilities Range of Motion Muscle Strength                      
105 Field, T. 1988 Stimulation of preterm infants Pediatrics in Review 10 149-154   Infants Stimulation in Preterm Infants     Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation   Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption)              
106 Field, T. 2003 Stimulation in preterm infants Pediatrics in Review 24 (4-10)   Infants Stimulation in Preterm Infants     Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation   Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption)              
107 Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M and Freedman, J. 2004 Stimulation programs for preterm infants Social Policy Report 18 (1-19)   Infants Stimulation in Preterm Infants     Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation   Children=Preterm Infants                                                   Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption)              
108 Field, T. 2001 Touch Research Institutes: an interview with Dr. Tiffany Field (intervew by Peter Mackereth) Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery 7 84-89   Miscellaneous Touch Research Institutes-Interview     This paper reports on a visit to TRI while participating on a 3-day workshop. A brief overview of the history of TRI and an interview with Dr. Tiffany Field is included.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Interview                                                                      
109 Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Diego, M., & Largie, S. 2002 Depressed mothers' newborns show inferior face discrimination Infant Mental Health Journal (In Press)       Infants Face Discrimination     Infants of depressed mothers took longer to habituate their mothers' face/voice and afterwards displayed no visual preference for mother or stranger, compared to infants of non-depressed mothers who showed a novelty preference for stranger.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Observation   Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers Children=Infants=Non-Depressed Mothers                     HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger)                                          
110 Fernandez, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Sanders, C., Diego, M., & Roca, A. (In Review )   EEG during lavendar and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed mothers         Infants Odor Perception     Infants of depressed mothers exposed to rosemary or lavender oil showed a shift in EEG toward greater relative left frontal asymmetry. This shift is associated with an approaching pattern of behavior and response to positive stimuli.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender Oil   Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers                     HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger)                                          
111 Sanders, C., Diego, M., Fernandez, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Roca, A. 2002 EEG asymmetry responses to lavendar and rosemary aromas in adults and infants International Journal of Neuroscience 112 1205-1220   Infants Odor Perception     Infants of depressed mothers exposed to rosemary or lavender oil showed a shift in EEG toward greater relative left frontal asymmetry. This shift is associated with an approaching pattern of behavior and response to positive stimuli.   Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami   Y     Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender Oil   Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers                     HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger)                                          
112 A Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 280 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     In Reply.—Advocates of TT postulate that an HEF exists. Can such an entity be measured or perceived? Do any welldesigned studies show a beneficial effect against any health problem? Our article addressed all of these points. If TT practitioners could sense an HEF, they should be able to sense whether they are near an experimenter’s hand. None of the tested practitionersdemonstratedsuch ability.Noneobjected to the study’s design before they were tested. Proponents still offer no alternative testable hypothesis or protocol. Nor have any stepped forward to attempt to demonstrate the existence of an HEF, even though a million-dollar reward is available.1 Dolores Krieger, PhD, RN, the founder of TT, has stated
repeatedly that its practitioners senseanenergy field. In 1987, she wrote, “In Therapeutic Touch, assessment involves the use of the hands in a sensitive search of the healee’s energy field, for indications of energy imbalance. 		  Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
112 B Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 280 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Actually, the received impression is really an extension of the sense of touch as we usually think of it.”2 We leave it to JAMA readers to decide for themselves whether it is possible to manipulate an “energy field” with their hands if they cannot tell where it is. MsCollins asserts that 21 practitionersweretoofewto yield valid results. However, our power analysis showed that this numberwasmorethan adequate to test our simple hypothesis. Therapeutic Touch proponents never have objectively demonstrated that they can detect an HEF. Unless they do, it is reasonable to assume that none exists. Dr Schmidt suggests that our test subjects might not have been sufficiently skilled. That would be impossible to determine because TT has no accepted standards of training or practice. We approached every practitioner we could identify in our (Colorado) community. Nearly all agreed to be tested, and none was reliably able to detect the location of Emily’s hand.3   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
112 C Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 280 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch C (CONTINUED)      (CONTINUED) We see no reason to believe that they were less competent than practitioners elsewhere. Dr. Palmer is correct that the probability of getting 8 ormore correct is slightly higher than the probability of getting exactly 8 correct. However, this point does not affect the interpretation of the test data. Her discussion of the “true probability of a successful prediction” being 0.67 is disposed of by our power analysis, which she does not contradict. Moreover, TT postulates that an HEF can be sensed and manipulated for therapeutic benefit. All of our subjects claimed to do this routinely. For this to be true, the detection rate would have to be 100%. Our study centered on the performance of 28 subjects, not 280 independent trials. Since a normal distribution was expected under the null hypothesis,webelieve the t-distribution was the appropriate analytic tool. Our final conclusion was not based solely on the hypothesis that practitioners would detect the experimenter’s “energy field.”   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
112 D Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 280 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch D (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED)It also took into account—based on our literature analysis—that TT has never been shown to “work well in properly designed trials.” All 15 original participants were invited to be retested. Seven said they were unable to attend on the specific day. Only 1 said she didn’t feel she could perform“oncamera.”Nocomplaintsweremadeaboutthe presence of TV cameras before or during testing. DrBlankarguesthatTTmighthavemeritbecauseit is physically harmless, might exert a useful placebo effect, and offers “the full and unhurried attention of a caregiver.” We believe it is inherently harmful to misrepresent placebos as effective treatment. Moreover, there are much better ways for nurses and clinicians to provide beneficial attention to patients. DrIreland expresses concern about discarding an intervention that many patients say works. Anecdotal evidence is not sufficient to determine whether something works. Our extensive literature search found no evidence that TT provides any health benefit. Therapeutic Touch proponents still have not   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
112 E Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 280 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch E (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) stated any grounds on which their claims may be considered valid, nor have they presented any reasonable justification for TT’s continued professional use. Linda Rosa, BSN, RN Larry Sarner National Therapeutic Touch Study Group Loveland, Colo Stephen Barrett, MD Allentown, Pa   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
113 Blume E 1932 Massage as biochemical stimulation of
metabolism		 Leibesubungen 262-263     Miscellaneous Massage Biochemical         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
114 A Rosa L, Rosa E, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 A close look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 279 1005-1010   Technique Technique Therapeutic Touch  A     Touch (TT) is a widely used nursing practice rooted in mysticism but alleged to have a scientific basis. Practitioners of TT claim to treat many medical conditions by using their hands to manipulate a "human energy field" perceptible above the patient's skin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether TT practitioners can actually perceive a "human energy field." DESIGN: Twenty-one practitioners with TT experience for from 1 to 27 years were tested under blinded conditions to determine whether they could correctly identify which of their hands was closest to the investigator's hand. Placement of the investigator's hand was determined by flipping a coin. Fourteen practitioners were tested 10 times each, and 7 practitioners were tested 20 times each. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Practitioners of TT were asked to state whether the investigator's unseen hand hovered above their right hand or their left hand. To show the validity of TT theory, the practitioners should have been able to locate the investigator's hand 100% of the time.   MEDLINE Questionable Nurse Practices Task Force, National Council Against Health Fraud Inc, Loveland, Colo, USA. A MEDLINE Y     Therapeutic Touch (TT)=Professional Multiple Trials Practitioner                             (-Recognition of the presence of Investigator's hand)                                    
114 B Rosa L, Rosa E, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1998 A close look at Therapeutic Touch JAMA 279 1005-1010   Technique Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) A score of 50% would be expected through chance alone. RESULTS: Practitioners of TT identified the correct hand in only 123 (44%) of 280 trials, which is close to what would be expected for random chance. There was no significant correlation between the practitioner's score and length of experience (r=0.23). The statistical power of this experiment was sufficient to conclude that if TT practitioners could reliably detect a human energy field, the study would have demonstrated this. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-one experienced TT practitioners were unable to detect the investigator's "energy field." Their failure to substantiate TT's most fundamental claim is unrefuted evidence that the claims of TT are groundless and that further professional use is unjustified.   MEDLINE Questionable Nurse Practices Task Force, National Council Against Health Fraud Inc, Loveland, Colo, USA. B (CONTINUED)   Y     Therapeutic Touch (TT)=Professional Multiple Trials Practitioner                             (-Recognition of the presence of Investigator's hand)                                    
115 A Agarwal KN, Gupta A, Pushkarna R, Bhargava SK, Faridi
MM, Prabhu MK		 2000 Oil massage improves infant's growth and helps them sleep better, researchers
from India report		 Indian Journal of Medical Research 112 212-217   Technique Infant Massage (Use of Oil) A     Oil massage is a time-tested method of infant care practiced all over the world and is known to have beneficial effects. "Traditional systems of medicine in India advocate oil massage as an integral part of infant care," Dr. K. N. Agarwal writes in a recent issue
of the Indian Journal of Medical Research. Agarwal and his team from the University College of Medical Sciences in Delhi studied the effect
of oil massage on 125 healthy infants. The infants were approximately 6 weeks of age and were divided into five groups. Four groups received oil massage with herbal oil, sesame oil, mustard oil, and a mix of mineral oil with vitamin E, respectively. The fifth group served as "control group"
and did not receive any massage. The mothers were taught to massage the legs, back, arms, chest, abdomen, face and head in
that order. Oil massage was advised for a total of 10 minutes daily and was continued for 4 weeks.
   Bron: Reuters Health     Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Mothers Day=10 Minutes=4 weeks                                                               Weight Body Length, Head Circumference, Girth of Arm and Leg Blood Flow through the Femoral Artery
115 B Agarwal KN, Gupta A, Pushkarna R, Bhargava SK, Faridi
MM, Prabhu MK		 2000 Oil massage improves infant's growth and helps them sleep better, researchers
from India report		 Indian Journal of Medical Research 112 212-217   Technique Infant Massage (Use of Oil) B (Continued)     (CONTINUED) On completion of the study, the researchers observed that weight, body length, head circumference, girth of arm and leg was increased in the four groups that received oil massage. The most significant increase was seen in the group that received massage with sesame oil. The length, arm and leg girth in this group were 1 centimeter (cm), 0.9 cm and 0.7 cm more than that of the control group, respectively. A significant increase in the blood flow through the femoral artery, the main artery supplying the leg, was also seen in this group. The investigators also observed that the infants slept better soon after the massage. The beneficial effects on growth and sleep are probably due to increased blood flow and increase
in levels of growth promoting hormones like growth hormone and insulin, the authors explained. Vegetable oils such as sesame oil are best suited for massage as they have a beneficial effect on growth and blood flow, and are better absorbed as compared to mineral oil, Agarwal and colleagues concluded.		   Bron: Reuters Health     Y                                                                       Weight Body Length, Head Circumference, Girth of Arm and Leg Blood Flow through the Femoral Artery
116 A Birk TJ; MacArthur RD; McGrady A; Khuder S. 1996 Lack of effect of 12 weeks of massage therapy on
immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected
persons.		 Int Conf AIDS Jul 7-12;11(2) 270   Disease HIV-Massage Lack of Effect on Immune Function A     Objective: To assess the effects of massage therapy alone, or massage therapy combined with either exercise training or stress management counseling, on immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected persons. Methods: 42 HIV-infected persons were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: a) once weekly massage therapy; b) once weekly massage therapy and twice weekly aerobic exercise training; c) once weekly massage therapy and once weekly stress management counseling; d) no therapy (control group). Massage therapy and exercise training sessions lasted 45 minutes; stress management counseling sessions were 1 hour in length. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent), and NK cells (number and percent) were measured by flow cytometry at the beginning and end of the 12 week study. Quality of life measures were assessed by survey at the beginning and end of the study. All prescribed medications were continued throughout the study.   AIDSLINE
MED/96924507 macarthur@oncgate.roc.wayne.edu		   MEDLINE AEGiS http://www.aegis.org/search/Default.asp & http://www.aegis.org/pubs/aidsline/1997/jan/m9712600.html Y     Massage=Professional Massage & Aerobics Massage & Stress Management No Treatment (Control) Month=1x/Wk=12 wks (Massage (45min) & Stress Management (1 Hr)) 2x/Wk=12 wks (Aerobics (45 Min))             (-CD4+ and -CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent (cellsmicroliter))) (-NK cells (number and percent))                   (-Quality of life measures (Survey))                                
116 B Birk TJ; MacArthur RD; McGrady A; Khuder S. 1996 Lack of effect of 12 weeks of massage therapy on
immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected
persons.		 Int Conf AIDS Jul 7-12;11(2) 270   Disease HIV-Massage Lack of Effect on Immune Function  B (Continued)     CONTINUED Results: Mean CD4+ count at study entry was 355 cellsmicroliter (range = 60-1042 cellsmicroliter). The mean entry CD4+ count of the 31 persons completing the study was 437 cellsmicroliter compared to 169 cellsmicroliter for the 11 persons not completing the study p is less than 0.005). The percentage of participants completing the study was the same across all groups. No significant differences were found among the
groups on any measure comparing pre-study and post-study values. Conclusions: Short-term massage therapy alone or combined with either exercise training or stress management counseling did not have any significant effect on immune function or quality of life measures. These alternative therapies, while not harmful, should not be used as substitutes for more conventional therapies for HIV-infected persons.		   AIDSLINE
MED/96924507 macarthur@oncgate.roc.wayne.edu		   MEDLINE AEGiS http://www.aegis.org/search/Default.asp & http://www.aegis.org/pubs/aidsline/1997/jan/m9712600.html Y     Massage=Professional Massage & Aerobics Massage & Stress Management No Treatment (Control) Month=1x/Wk=12 wks (Massage (45min) & Stress Management (1 Hr)) 2x/Wk=12 wks (Aerobics (45 Min))             (-CD4+ and -CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent (cellsmicroliter))) (-NK cells (number and percent))                   (-Quality of life measures (Survey))                                
117   1961 Analysis of 102 cases of shoulder bursitis treated
by massage		 Zhonghua Waike Zazhi 9 26-28 Chinese Orthopedic Bursitis (Shoulder)         AMTA Foundation | Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
118   1961 Studies on lumbar intervertebral disk
displacement treated by massage		 Zhonghua Waike
Zazhi		 9 30-31 Chinese Orthopedic Disk Displacement Treated by Massage [Chinese]         AMTA Foundation | Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
119   1967 Admission to schools of masso-kinesitherapy Revue de l Infirmiere et de l Assistante Sociale 17 273-276 French Miscellaneous Massage Scool Requirements         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
120   1975 Letter: Sports injuries clinics BMJ 3 488   Miscellaneous Sport Injuries         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
121   1978 Is a back rub hazardous to health? JAMA 240 2406   Miscellaneous Hazards Back Rub         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
122   1994 AHNA certificate program in holistic nursing
courses; AHNA certificate program in healing touch courses		 Beginnings 14 Suppl-2   Miscellaneous Certificate Programs (AHNA )         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
123   1995 AHNA certificate program in holistic nursing
courses; AHNA certificate program in healing touch courses		 Beginnings 15 Suppl-2   Miscellaneous Certificate Programs (AHNA )         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
124   1996 Certificate program in holistic nursing. Healing
touch schedule		 Beginnings 16 Suppl-2   Miscellaneous Certificate Programs (AHNA )         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
125   1996 Certificate program in holistic nursing. Healing
touch workshops 1996. 1996 aromatherapy schedule		 Beginnings 16 Suppl-2   Miscellaneous Certificate Programs (AHNA )         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
126   1998 The self-care series--Part 1, getting a feel for selfmassage. Positive Directions News: A Support & Information Network of People with HIV/AIDS, Their Families, Friends &
Providers		   10 14-17   Disease HIV AIDS         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
127   2000 Case problem: presenting conventional and
complementary approaches for relieving nausea in a breast
cancer patient undergoing chemotherapy		 Journal of the
American Dietetic Association		 100 257-259   Disease Cancer (Breast) (Nausea)         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
128 A Acolet D, Modi N, Giannakoulopoulos X, Bond C, Weg W,
Clow A, Glover V		 1993 Changes in plasma cortisol and
catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in
preterm infants		 Archives of Disease in
Childhood		 68 29-31   Infants Preterm Infants A     The biochemical and clinical response to massage in preterm infants was assessed. Eleven stable infants, of 29 weeks' median gestational age, median birth weight 980 g, and median postnatal age 20 days, were studied. Blood samples were obtained for the determination of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and cortisol 45 minutes before the start of massage and approximately one hour after completion of massage. Cortisol, but not catecholamine, concentrations decreased consistently after massage (median difference -35.8 nmol/l; 95% confidence interval - 0.5 to -94.0, Wilcoxon matched pairs). There was a slight decrease in skin temperature (median difference -0.36 degrees C, 95% confidence interval -0.09 to -0.65) but there was no change in oxygenation or oxygen requirement. This study has shown that it is possible to detect an objective hormonal change following a supposedly 'non-therapeutic' intervention in preterm infants.   AMTA Foundation Research Database Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical
School, London. A		   Y     Massage=Professional Session=1 Session Children=Preterm Infants           Cortisol (-Adrenaline -Noradrenaline) Skin Temperature (-Oxygenation or -Oxygen Requirement)                                                
128 B Acolet D, Modi N, Giannakoulopoulos X, Bond C, Weg W,
Clow A, Glover V		 1993 Changes in plasma cortisol and
catecholamine concentrations in response to massage in
preterm infants		 Archives of Disease in
Childhood		 68 29-31   Infants Preterm Infants B (Continued)     (CONTINUED) The development of such methods of assessment are likely to be of particular relevance in the extremely immature or ill neonate in whom behavioural evaluation cannot play more than a limited part.   AMTA Foundation Research Database Department of Paediatrics and Neonatal Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical
School, London. B (CONTINUED)		   Y     Massage=Professional Session=1 Session Children=Preterm Infants           Cortisol (-Adrenaline -Noradrenaline) Skin Temperature (-Oxygenation or -Oxygen Requirement)                                                
129 A Acosta AM, Chan RS, Jacobs J 1998 Massage therapy
for the treatment of painful peripheral neuropathy in HIV+
individuals		 Int Conf AIDS 12 849   Disease Peripheral Neuropathy HIV A     HIV+ individuals may present with complaints of painful peripheral neuropathy which
may not adequately respond to pharmacologic therapy. PROJECT: HIV+ individuals with painful peripheral
neuropathy of the feet who had partial or no improvement in pain after pharmacologic therapy (i.e. narcotic
analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants and/or serotonin reuptake inhibitors) were referred to occupational
therapy (OT) for pain management and treatment from 09/11/95 to 10/24/96. OT treatment consisted of 8
sessions of massage therapy and instruction on a self performed home massage program. No changes in
medications were made during the duration of the project. The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used to
measure quality and intensity of pain (scale: 1-10 points) prior to initiating OT massage therapy and after 8
treatment sessions.  		  AMTA Foundation Research Database New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, NY, USA. A MEDLINE, Y     Massage=Professional=Occupational
Therapy (OT) Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage		 Month=8 sessions=Over an Average of 58 days (range 25 to 126
days)		 Adults=(4 males; 3 females) with an age range of 28 to 49
years (mean 39.1)=HIV+ individuals with painful peripheral
neuropathy of the feet		           CD4                     Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)                                
129 B Acosta AM, Chan RS, Jacobs J 1998 Massage therapy
for the treatment of painful peripheral neuropathy in HIV+
individuals		 Int Conf AIDS 12 849   Disease Peripheral Neuropathy HIV B (Continued)     (CONTINUED) RESULTS:Seven HIV+ individuals (4 males; 3 females) with an age range of 28 to 49
years (mean 39.1) received 8 OT massage therapy treatments over an average of 58 days (range 25 to 126
days). Five patients reported improvement with a mean decrease in pain of 3.2 (range: 1 to 7). The mean
CD4 count in the responder group was 183 (range 17-336). One female reported no response to therapy
(CD4 = 114) and one male reported worsening pain (CD4 = 247). Both non-responders were diabetic. None
of the responders had diabetes. LESSONS LEARNED: OT massage therapy decreased the intensity of
painful peripheral neuropathy of the feet in 5 of 5 non-diabetic, HIV+ individuals who had previously had little
or no response to pharmacologic therapy. Two diabetic HIV+ individuals did not report improvement. OT
massage therapy may be beneficial in the treatment of painful peripheral neuropathy in some HIV+ individuals.		   AMTA Foundation Research Database New York Hospital, Cornell Medical Center, NY, USA. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE, Y     Massage=Professional=Occupational
Therapy (OT) Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage		 Month=8 sessions=Over an Average of 58 days (range 25 to 126
days)		 Adults=(4 males; 3 females) with an age range of 28 to 49
years (mean 39.1)=HIV+ individuals with painful peripheral
neuropathy of the feet		           CD4                     Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)                                
130 Adamson JE 1970 Treatment of the stiff hand Orthopedic Clinics of North America Nov;1(2) 467-480   Orthopedic Hand Stiffness         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5521867 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
131 Adamson S 1994 Best feet foremost Health Visitor Feb;67(2) 61   Orthopedic Foot         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8169141 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
132 Adamson S, Harris E 1995 On duty. Interview by Renata Langford Nursing Times Oct 11-17;91(41) 169   Miscellaneous Interview         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7479125 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
133 Adamson S 1996 Teaching baby massage to new
parents		 Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery Dec;2(6) 151-159   Infants Infant Massage (Review of Program)     In this paper the author reviews six years of running an on-going baby massage group in a health clinic and makes observations, based on experience, on the importance of offering these classes in health centres where they are accessible to all parents with young babies. As baby massage classes are becoming increasingly popular, private individuals are offering classes and, in some cases, there is doubt as to the qualifications of the instructors, their understanding, and their ability to give sufficient support to young mothers at a vulnerable stage in their lives. The quality of training given by the International Association of Infant Massage Instructors based in the USA is appraised and some thoughts are given as to the way ahead in making more baby massage classes available to all parents within the Primary Preventive Health setting.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9439294 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Camden and Islington Community Health Services NHS Trust, Barnsbury Family Health Clinic, London, UK. MEDLINE Y N                                                                            
134 Aizenberg EA, Aksenova EN, Beneson SN 1971 Postoperative treatment of injuries to the flexor tendon of the
finger		 Khirurgiia 47 64-67 Russian Orthopedic Flexor Tendon (Finger)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE, N                                                                            
135 A Aikins MP 1998 Alternative therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. [Review] [36 refs] Obstetrics &
Gynecology		 91 149-155   Review Pregnancy Nausea A Review

Review, Tutorial OBJECTIVE: To review available evidence about the effectiveness of alternative therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and 13 additional US and international data bases were searched in 1996-1997 for papers that described use of alternative medicine in the treatment of pregnancy and pregnancy complications, specifically those addressing nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were reviewed to identify additional sources. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: All relevant English language clinical research papers were reviewed. Randomized clinical trials addressing specifically the use of nonpharmaceutical and nondietary interventions were chosen for detailed review. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Ten randomized trials studying the effects of acupressure, ginger, and pyridoxine on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were reviewed.
  AMTA Foundation Research Database Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and The Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research in Women's Health, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. pam15@columbia.edu A MEDLINE, Y N                                                                            
135 B Aikins MP 1998 Alternative therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. [Review] [36 refs] Obstetrics &
Gynecology		 91 149-155   Review Pregnancy Nausea B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Evidence of beneficial effects was found for these three interventions, although the data on acupressure are equivocal. Insufficient evidence was found for the benefits of hypnosis. Other interventions have not been studied. CONCLUSION: There is a dearth of research to support or to refute the efficacy of a number of common remedies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. The best-studied alternative remedy is acupressure, which may afford relief to many women; ginger and vitamin B6 also may be beneficial.   AMTA Foundation Research Database Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and The Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Research in Women's Health, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. pam15@columbia.edu B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE, Y N                                                                            
136 Aksenova AM 1997 A new method for deep reflex
muscular massage		 Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii
I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Jul-Aug;(4) 30-32 Russian Technique Orthopedic Deep Reflex (Muscular) Massage     The idea of deep reflex muscular massage rests on the existence of a strong relationship between structural and functional changes in the skeletal muscles and visceral condition. The massage can be used for management of acute states in combination with herbs, food additives, reduced drug dosages, exercises, thermotherapy.
   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9424829 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar Y N                                                                            
137 Aksenova AM, Reznikov KM, Trofimova OV 1997 Effects of deep reflex-muscular massage and exercise on regulatory
processes in the body		 Klinicheskaia Meditsina (Mosk). 75(7) 50-52 Russian Technique Orthopedic Deep Reflex (Muscular) Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9411057 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
138 Aksenova AM, Reznikov KM, Andreeva VV 1997 The
effect of deep massage and physical exercises on the cerebral
circulation in osteochondrosis of the cervicothoracic spine		 Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi
Fizicheskoi Kultury		 May-Jun;(3) 19-21 Russian Technique Orthopedic Deep Massage & Physical Exercise         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9334047 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
139 Aksenova AM, Romanova MM 1998 The effect of reflex
muscle massage on the body regulatory processes of peptic
ulcer patients with concomitant diseases		 Voprosy
Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Nov-Dec;(6) 24-26 Russian Technique Orthopedic Deep Reflex (Muscular) Massage     Compared to conventional treatment, the proposed method of deep reflex muscular massage for treatment of ulcer patients with associated diseases in combination with exercises for muscle strain, produce stronger positive changes in adaptive-compensatory systems. This may result in prolongation of the remission and in a decreased number of recurrences of ulcer and associated gastrointestinal diseases.
   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9987972 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y     Massage=Deep Reflex Muscular Massage=Professional                                                     Ulcer                
140 Aksenova EN 1978 Massage technics to osteochondrosis
of the cervical spine in elderly patients		 Meditsinskaia
Sestra		 Aug;37(8) 26-30 Russian Technique Orthopedic Massage Technics (Osteochondrosis (Cervical)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 250631 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
141 Alandydy P, Alandydy K 1999 Using Reiki to support
surgical patients		 Journal of Nursing Care Quality Apr;13(4) 89-91   Technique Reiki         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10330795 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
142 Alexander FW 1930 Neurasthenia; massage and
electrical treatment		   129 429-431   Technique Massage & Electrical Treatment         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
143 A Alkaissi A, Stalnert M, Kalman S 1999 Effect and
placebo effect of acupressure (P6) on nausea and vomiting after
outpatient gynaecological surgery		 Acta Anaesthesiologica
Scandinavica		 Mar;43(3) 270-274 Swedish Technique Acupressure P6 Nausea Vomiting A Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial BACKGROUND: Acupuncture and acupressure have previously been reported to possess antiemetic effect. We wanted to investigate the "true" and placebo effect of acupressure in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty women undergoing outpatient minor gynaecological surgery were entered into a double-blind and randomised study. One group received acupressure with bilateral stimulation of P6 (A), a second group received bilateral placebo stimulation (P) and a third group received no acupressure wrist band and served as a reference group (R). PONV was evaluated as number of patients with complete response (no PONV), nausea only or vomiting. In addition, the need for rescue antiemetic medication and nausea after 24 h was registered.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10081532 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital in Linkoping, Sweden A MEDLINE Y   FULL TEXT Massage=Professional=1st Group=Acupressure with Bilateral Stimulation of P6 (A) 2nd Group=Received Bilateral Placebo Stimulation (P) 3rd Group=received no acupressure wrist band and served as a reference group R.   Adults=Women=60=Outpatient Minor Gynaecological Surgery                     Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) need for Rescue Antiemetic Medication Nausea after 24 h was Registered                                        
143 B Alkaissi A, Stalnert M, Kalman S 1999 Effect and
placebo effect of acupressure (P6) on nausea and vomiting after
outpatient gynaecological surgery		 Acta Anaesthesiologica
Scandinavica		 Mar;43(3) 270-274 Swedish Technique Acupressure P6 Nausea Vomiting B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED) RESULTS: Complete response was obtained in 11, 11 and 9 patients in groups, A, P and R, respectively. Nine, 7 and 6 patients had nausea before discharge home, and 1, 1 and 8 patients were nauseated (8 vs 1 patient: P < 0.05) 24 h after operation in A, P and R groups, respectively. When compared to placebo acupressure (2 patients vomited and 5 needed rescue), significantly (P < 0.05) fewer needed rescue antiemetic medication after acupressure at P6 (no vomiting or rescue medication). When compared to the observation group (5 vomited and 4 needed rescue antiemetics), significantly fewer vomited after acupressure (P < 0.05) CONCLUSION: In patients undergoing brief gynaecological surgery, placebo effect of acupressure decreased nausea after 24 h but vomiting and need of rescue antiemetics was reduced only by acupressure with the correct P6 point stimulation.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10081532 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital in Linkoping, Sweden B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y   FULL TEXT Massage=Professional=1st Group=Acupressure with Bilateral Stimulation of P6 (A) 2nd Group=Received Bilateral Placebo Stimulation (P) 3rd Group=received no acupressure wrist band and served as a reference group R.   Adults=Women=60=Outpatient Minor Gynaecological Surgery                     Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) need for Rescue Antiemetic Medication Nausea after 24 h was Registered                                        
144 Alldredge RH & KMP 1940 Fractures of upper end of
humerus treated by early relaxed motion ad massage		   92 519-524   Orthopedic Fractures (Massage)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
145 Allen DL, Kitching AJ, Nagle C 1994 P6 acupressure and
nausea and vomiting after gynaecological surgery		 Anaesthesia
& Intensive Care		 Dec;22(6) 691-693   Disease Post Surgical Massage (Gynaecological) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial We studied the effect of P6 acupressure on 46 women undergoing laparotomy for major gynaecological surgery who received patient-controlled analgesia. Half the patients received acupressure at the P6 site, the remainder received acupressure at a "sham" site. There was a reduction in the requests for anti-emetic therapy in the group receiving P6 acupressure but there was no difference in the incidence of nausea and vomiting. There was no difference in total morphine consumption between the two groups.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7892973 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Anaesthesia, Northampton General Hospital, England Healthstar Y     Massage=Professional=1st Group=Acupressure P6 Site  2nd Group=Received Stimulation at "sham" site   Adults=Women=46=who received laparotomy for major gynaecological surgery           (-Patient-Controlled Analgesia Levels (Total Morphine Consumption))         Requests for Anti-Emetic Therapy (-Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting)                                          
146 A Allison DB, Kreibich K, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB 1995 A
randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of an acupressure
device for weight loss		 International Journal of Obesity &
Related Metabolic Disorders		 Sep;19(9) 653-658   Behavior Weight Loss (Acupressure Device) A Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial OBJECTIVE: To provide a randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine the efficacy of an auricular acupressure device. DESIGN: Subjects were randomly assigned to either treatment or placebo. The treatment group received the acupressure device and were instructed to use the device in their dominant ear. The placebo group received an acupressure device for their wrist. Participants were followed for 12 weeks. SETTING: Outpatient core of the New York Obesity Research Center. SUBJECTS: 96 obese adult volunteers, 80 females and 16 males, between 19 and 70 years of age. MEASUREMENTS: Weight, body fat, and blood pressure measured every two weeks. RESULTS: All subjects combined lost, on average, 0.96 kg. There was no significant difference between the two groups on weight loss (mean wt loss = 1.28 [s.d. = 2.74] kg for treatment and 0.63 [s.d. = 3.26] kg for placebo) regardless of whether all subjects were examined or only the most compliant subjects were examined.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8574276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]).
 Obesity Research Center, St Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025, USA A MEDLINE Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Self=1st Group=Acupressure Device and were instructed to use the device in their dominant ear 2nd Group=Acupressure Device for their wrist Month=16 Weeks Adults=Obese Adult Volunteers=Obese Women=80 Obese Men=16 Age Range=19-70           (-Weight=Every 2 Weeks) (-Body Fat=Every 2 Weeks) (-Blood Pressure=Every 2 Weeks)                                                  
146 B Allison DB, Kreibich K, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB 1995 A
randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial of an acupressure
device for weight loss		 International Journal of Obesity &
Related Metabolic Disorders		 Sep;19(9) 653-658   Behavior Weight Loss (Acupressure Device) B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED) Similarly, there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding fat loss or blood pressure reduction. CONCLUSION: The acupressure device appears to be a safe device (did not cause any harmful side effects). However, it did not promote significantly greater weight or fat loss, or declines in blood pressure than placebo.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8574276 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Obesity Research Center, St Luke's/Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10025, USA B(CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y     Massage=NonProfessional=Self=1st Group=Acupressure Device and were instructed to use the device in their dominant ear 2nd Group=Acupressure Device for their wrist Month=16 Weeks Adults=Obese Adult Volunteers=Obese Women=80 Obese Men=16 Age Range=19-70           (-Weight=Every 2 Weeks) (-Body Fat=Every 2 Weeks) (-Blood Pressure=Every 2 Weeks)                                                  
147 Alquier L 1917 Light and heat as aid to massage
[French]		   7 145   Technique Light & Heat         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
148 Amorelli Rizzuto G 1928 Treatment by massage   36 148   Technique Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
149 Andreenkov AI, Popova FG 1989 The use of music
during the performance of massage		 Feldsher i
Akusherka		 Apr;54(4) 58-59 Russian Technique Music with Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2806592 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
150 Andrew AS 1996 China Is Eager to Export Its Traditional
Medicine, but Some Chinese Scientists Urge More Skepticism		 JAMA 276 1707-1709   Technique Chinese Medicine         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
151 A Andrews L, Lokuge S, Sawyer M, Lillywhite L, Kennedy D,
Martin J		 1998 The use of alternative therapies by children
with asthma: a brief report		 Journal of Paediatrics & Child
Health		 Apr;34(2) 131-134   Disease Asthma (Children) A     OBJECTIVE: To identify the nature and prevalence of alternative therapies used by children with asthma attending a children's hospital. METHODOLOGY: Subjects consisted of a consecutive series of 51 children with asthma aged 1-6 years who were attending the Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia. Parents of the children completed a questionnaire describing the use of alternative therapies by the children. RESULTS: Approximately 55% of children used alternative therapies for asthma management. Therapies used most commonly were massage, relaxation exercises, diet therapy and vitamins. There was no significant difference in the age, asthma severity, length of time since diagnosis or presence of another illness amongst children who did or did not use alternative therapies.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9588634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. A Healthstar Y N                                                                            
151 B Andrews L, Lokuge S, Sawyer M, Lillywhite L, Kennedy D,
Martin J		 1998 The use of alternative therapies by children
with asthma: a brief report		 Journal of Paediatrics & Child
Health		 Apr;34(2) 131-134   Disease Asthma (Children) B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of children with asthma who attend paediatric clinics use alternative therapies. Paediatricians should be aware of this and be prepared to discuss alternative therapies with parents. This may facilitate more open doctor-patient relationships and better management of children's asthma.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9588634 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Faculty of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. B (CONTINUED) Healthstar Y N                                                                            
152 A Andritzky W 1995 Medical students and alternative
medicine--a survey		 Gesundheitswesen Jun;57(6) 345-348 German Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine A     In the last decade, the growing interest and use of alternative healing methods among practitioners and patients has been documented in many empirical studies. The present inquiry of n = 140 undergraduate medical students at the University of Dusseldorf reveals a continually increasing knowledge of methods, self-experience as patients or lay persons, and an interest in learning one or more techniques. The highest interest in acquiring a working knowledge of a method is for acupuncture (55.7%), homoeopathy (42.1%), autogenous training (24.9%), and reflex-zonetherapies (11.4%). On a five-point-rating scale (3 = no effect) for estimated effectiveness, acupuncture, music therapy, autogenous training, massage, chiropractics (each 1.7) and homoeopathy (1.9) ranked high, whereas esoteric methods like laying-on-of-hands (3.3), hypnosis (2.5) and ozone and oxygen therapies (2.9) were low.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7663074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Institut fur Medizinische Psychologie, Universitat Dusseldorf. A Healthstar Y N                                                                            
152 B Andritzky W 1995 Medical students and alternative
medicine--a survey		 Gesundheitswesen Jun;57(6) 345-348 German Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The average score of 2.1 for all alternative methods indicates that they are generally considered more effective than not. A shift from a bio-medical "paradigm" towards psychosomatic and biopsychosocial thinking can be hypothesized, since (body-) psychotherapies (2.0) and body therapies (1.7) are rated highly effective.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7663074 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Institut fur Medizinische Psychologie, Universitat Dusseldorf. B (CONTINUED) Healthstar Y N                                                                            
153 Anishchenko GI, Gruzman GB 1974 Several features of
the course of spastic torticollis		 Zhurnal
Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S - S - Korsakova		 74(9) 1322-1328 Russian Orthopedic Spastic Torticollis         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4420145 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
154 Anonymous 1974 Moisturizing and massage of patient
skin is a must to prevent decubitus ulcers		 Nursing Care 7 26-27   Disease Decubitus Ulcers         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
155 Anonymous 1975 Massage therapy in classical Chinese
physical medicine		 American Journal of Chinese Medicine 3 83-85   Technique  Chinese Physical Medicine         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
156 Anonymous 1978 Is a back rub hazardous to health?
[news		 JAMA 240 2406   Miscellaneous Massage Hazards         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
157 Anonymous 1980 Classic articles in colonic and rectal
surgery. Stretching, massage and rhythmic percussion in the
treatment of muscular contractions: Joseph-Claude-Anthelme
Recamier (1774-1852)		 Diseases of the Colon & Rectum 23 362-367   Disease Rectal Surgery         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
158 Anonymous 1980 Technic of therapeutic massage Meditsinskaia Sestra 39 20-24 Russian Technique Massage Technic         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
159 Anonymous 1985 Burford Nursing Development Unit.
Therapeutic massage		 Nursing Times 80 43-29   Technique Massage Therapeutic         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
160 Anonymous 1987 The hospital as Mother's Day vendor.
Pampering mother with a rubdown		 Profiles In Hospital
Marketing		 28 9-Aug   Miscellaneous Massage (Marketing Tool)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
161 Anonymous 1994 Massage for mother and baby Modern Midwife 4 S1-S4   Infants Mothers & Infants         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
162 Anonymous 1996 DPT and local massage Indian
Pediatrics		 33 349-350   Technique Massage (Local) & DPT         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
163 Anonymous 1998 The self-care series--Part 1, getting a
feel for self-massage		 Posit Dir News (Jan;10) 14-17   Technique Massage (Self)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
164 Anton'ev AA, Belova LV 1985 Therapeutic gymnastics, massage and self-massage in dermatological practice Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi
Fizicheskoi Kultury		 May-Jun;(3) 34-37 Russian Technique Gymnastics Massage Self Massage (Dermatology)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4036053 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
165 Anton'ev AA, Belova-Rakhimova LV, Batkaev EA 1988 Combined use of acupuncture and eastern-type massage in
dermatological practice		 Vestnik Dermatologii i
Venerologii		 4 49 Russian Technique Massage (Eastern) Acupuncture         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3414168 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
166 Apostle-Mitchell M, MacDonald G 1997 An innovative
approach to pain management in critical care: therapeutic
touch. [Review] [33 refs]		 CACCN 8 19-22   Review Therapeutic Touch Review Review Review, Tutorial Nursing research suggests that pain in critically ill patients is inadequately controlled and has deleterious effects. The critical care nurse must depend on the patient's perception of pain and its expression in physiological and behavioural responses. Ventilatory support, fluctuating levels of consciousness, hemodynamic instability and severity of illness are often barriers to the expression and interpretation of pain. This article includes a review of the nursing literature pertaining to pain management in the critically ill patient. Existing practices are examined and alternative approaches explored. Therapeutic touch (TT), one innovative approach, is proposed as an adjunct to pharmacological intervention TT is a non-invasive, holistic practice that promotes comfort, relaxation, stress reduction and heating. Clinical studies suggest that TT prolongs the interval between analgesies. The authors highlight the 10-year clinical experience of a critical care nurse practising TT in a 30-bed critical care and trauma centre.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9594094 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Critical Care Trauma Centre, London Health Sciences Centre, Ontario. MEDLINE Y                                                                            
167 Ardeby S 1995 Touch is essential to everybody Krankenpflege Journal Sep;33(9) 390-392 German Technique Touch         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7564199 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
168 Arnell S 1918 Change in size of arm under massage   23 307   Orthopedic Massage (Arm Size)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
169 Arnell S 1919 Change in size of arm under massage   72 1880   Orthopedic Massage (Arm Size)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
170 Arnim Dv 1968 Is obesity influenced through
massage?		 Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 110 1163 German Disease Massage Obesity         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
171 Arnim Dv 1970 What is meant by 'manual lymph
drainage' according to Vodder?		 Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 112 813-814 German Technique Lymphatic Manual Lymph Drainage         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
172 Arnol'di KE, Gariuk GM, Arnol'di VM, Itskov EI 1990 Methods of intranasal vibromassage Vestnik
Otorinolaringologii		 Sep-Oct;(5) 69-71 Russian Technique Intranasal Vibromassage     The advantages of the method of endonasal vibromassage with air pressure oscillations (at 10-12 Hz and 24-30 mm Hg) are: lack of injuries, lack of pain, and simultaneous effect on all nasal and nasopharyngeal structures. The application of endonasal vibropneumomassage in patients with vasomotor rhinitis proved effective in the case of the nervous form of the disease lasting for no longer than a year.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2267701 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar Y                                                                            
173 Asadchikh IN 1966 The use of massage in hypertensive
disease and hypotensive conditions		 Voprosy
Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Sep-Oct;31(5) 443-445 Russian Cardiovascular Hypertension Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5995457 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
174 Ascher KW 1936 Massage in therapy of trachoma   89 336-337   Disease Trachoma Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
175 Asdonk J 1975 Manual lymph drainage: its
effectiveness, indications, and contraindications		 Zeitschrift fur Allgemeinmedizin Jun 10;51(16) 751-753 German Technique Lymphatic Lymph Drainage (Manual)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1226802 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
176 Asdonk J 1978 Improvement of circulation by manual
drainage of lymph		 Experientia - Supplementum 33 (9-10) French Technique Lymphatic Lymph Drainage (Manual)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 282161 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
177 Aseeva LO 1955 Massage and gymnastics in complex therapy of infant hypotrophy Pediatriia Jul-Aug;(4) 15-20   Infants Infants (hypotrophy)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 13266474 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])   Index Medicus N                                                                            
178 Ashton J 1984 Holistic health. Six. In your hands Nursing Times May 9-15;80(19) 54   Miscellaneous Holistic Health         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 6563547 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
179 Auckett AD 1979 Baby massage: an alternative to
drugs		 Australian Nurses Journal Nov;9(5) 24-27   Infants Infants (Massage)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 260685 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
180 Axline SE 1988 Nipple tenderness and breast massage
[letter]		 Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing Sep-Oct;17(5) 336   Infants Mothers (Nipple Tenderness)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3225681 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
181 Babkina IV 1973 Direct results of treating hypertension
at a sanatorium		 Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I
Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 May-Jun;38(3) 264-269 Russian Cardiovascular Hypertension         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4747485 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
182 Bailey LD 1934 Massage in general practice Practitioner 132 180-187   Technique Massage (General Practice)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
183 Baily JD 1995 Interior design and artwork stimulate the
five senses--sense- ability		 Health Facilities Management Nov;8(11) 52   Miscellaneous Interior Design & Artwork (Senses)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10151983 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
184 Bainbridge WS 1921 Rules for massage   15 835   Miscellaneous Massage (Rules)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus,                                                                              
185 Bakhtin L 1966 Combination of therapeutic massage
with oxygen therapy in combined treatment of pneumonia in
children		 Voprosy Okhrany Materinstva i Detstva 11 82-83 Russian Disease Pneumonia         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
186 Baliniski A 1994 Flower essences: their use in hospitals
and patient care		 Lamp Jan;51(11) 33-34   Technique Aromatherapy (Hospitals)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7869801 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
187 Balint G, Buchanan WW, Bender T, Konrad K 1990 Rheumatic diseases and alternative medicine. [Review] [58
refs]		 Orvosi Hetilap Feb 18;131(7) 335-343 Hungarian Review Review Paper Review
   Besides the scientific- rational medicine alternative medicine keeps spreading in our days. The authors give a review of the possibilities of the alternative therapy of locomotor diseases. Patients suffering from locomotor diseases ask increasingly often for these therapeutical procedures. Literary review is given on acupuncture, manual therapy, homeopathy and certain physiotherapeutical techniques as well as on other less often applied alternative therapeutical procedures. It is stressed that alternative treatment may also involve potential danger. It is stated finally that as shown by the review of the literature well controllable clinical examinations required indispensably for the estimation of the efficacy of a therapeutical procedure are only in limited number at disposal.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2183149 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Orszagos Reumatologiai es Fizioterapias Intezet, Budapest. Healthstar Y                                                                            
188 A Ballegaard S, Norrelund S, Smith DF 1996 Cost-benefit
of combined use of acupuncture, Shiatsu and lifestyle
adjustment for treatment of patients with severe angina
pectoris		 Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research Jul-Dec;21(3-4) 187-197   Cardiovascular Angina Pectoris (Severe) A     Sixty-nine patients with severe angina pectoris were treated with acupuncture, Shiatsu and lifestyle adjustments, and were followed for 2 years. Forty-nine patients were candidates for coronary-artery bypass grafting (CABG), whereas bypass grafting was rejected in the remaining 20 patients. We compared our endpoint findings with those of a large prospective, randomized trial comparing CABG with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). The incidence of death and myocardial infarction was 21% among the patients undergoing CABG, 15% among the patients undergoing PTCA and 7% among our patients. No significant difference was found concerning pain relief between the three groups. Invasive treatment was postponed in 61% of our patients due to clinical improvement, and the annual number of in-hospital days was reduced by 90%, bringing about an estimated economic saving of 12,000 US $ for each of our patients.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9051166 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Acupuncture & Electro-
Therapeutics Research. Web Site= http://www.cognizantcommunication.com/filecabinet/Acupuncture/acu.htm		 Acupuncture Center, Klampenborg, Denmark. ballegaard@aku-ballegaard.dk A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
188B Ballegaard S, Norrelund S, Smith DF 1996 Cost-benefit
of combined use of acupuncture, Shiatsu and lifestyle
adjustment for treatment of patients with severe angina
pectoris		 Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics Research Jul-Dec;21(3-4) 187-197   Cardiovascular Angina Pectoris (Severe) B (Continued)     (Continued) Despite the fact that the men in the present study, had ! significantly less positive expectations towards the outcome of the treatment, when compared to the women, there was no significant difference concerning the effect. The study suggests that the combined treatment with acupuncture, Shiatsu and lifestyle adjustment may be highly cost effective for patients with advanced angina prectoris.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9051166 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Acupuncture & Electro-
Therapeutics Research. Web Site= http://www.cognizantcommunication.com/filecabinet/Acupuncture/acu.htm		 Acupuncture Center, Klampenborg, Denmark. ballegaard@aku-ballegaard.dk B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
189 Balogh K 1970 Corrective massage for atrophic
masticatory and mimetic muscles		 Dental Digest Aug;76(8) 347-348   Orthopedic Masticatory and Mimetic Muscles         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4914656 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
190 Balogh K 1972 Mechanotherapy of the masticatory and
facial muscles		 Fogorvosi Szemle Jun;65(6) 168-171 Hungarian Orthopedic Masticatory and Facial Muscles         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4504281 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
191 Baranov I, Surovov I, Semin SN, Gaponiuk PI, Klimenko
LM		 1984 Hemodynamic effects of reflexotherapy in treating
patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma		 Terapevticheskii Arkhiv 56(3) 44-47 Russian Disease Asthma (Infectious-Allergic Bronchial) (Reflexotherapy)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 6719353 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
192 Barrault MF 1993 How does reflexology enrich nursing
care? 2. A reflexologic follow-up in intensive care service		 Krankenpflege - Soins Infirmiers Jul;86(7) 20-24 French Technique Reflexology         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8345741 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
193 A Barrellier MT 1992 Lymphedema: is there a
treatment?. [Review] [69 refs]		 Revue de Medecine
Interne		 Jan-Feb;13(1) 49-57 French Review Lymphatic Lymphedema (Review=69 Ref) A Review Review, Tutorial More than hundred medical treatments for lymphedema have been described. This very high number shows the evidence of difficulties: lymphatics are very small vessels, under low pression and velocity respondent to spontaneous quiet lymphatic contractions. The treatments can be listed in 3 groups: 1) physiotherapeutic methods, increasing lymphatic flow: cold, field stimulation, manual lymph drainage, intermittent compression, heat; 2) drugs: venous agents (flavone, benzo-pyrone), and intraarterial lymphocytes injection, promoting lymphatic flow or increasing normal proteolysis by macrophages in order to remove trapped proteins from interstitial fluid; 3) surgical procedures subdivided in 2 groups: excisional techniques and bridging drainage techniques; radical or partial excision removes involved subcutaneous tissue, recently by the way of liposuction;   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1410875 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Angeiologie, Laboratoire d'Explorations fonctionnelles, CHRU Cote de Nacre, Caen. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
193 B Barrellier MT 1992 Lymphedema: is there a
treatment?. [Review] [69 refs]		 Revue de Medecine
Interne		 Jan-Feb;13(1) 49-57 French Review Lymphatic Lymphedema (Review=69 Ref) B (CONTINUED) Review Review, Tutorial (CONTINUED) Efforts to drain lymphedema by subcutaneous implants, pedical flaps, myocutaneous flaps, omental transposition and intestinal flaps are historical. Microsurgical lymphatic anastomosis to vein (nodo-venous then lymphovenous), and to lymphatic themselves are now performed: lymphatic collectors or venous autografts are interpositioned to by-pass lymphatic blockade with end-to end anastomosis. The free transplantation of a lymphatic flap with its own vascularisation from healthy inguinal nodes to axillary blockade is the last described procedure. Lymphatic anastomosis are not needed. Actually, physiotherapy is always first indicated. Benzo-pyrones are additive drugs. Excisional procedures concern monstruous lymphedema. Microsurgical bridging procedures can be attempted only for secondary lymphedemas. They could be of benefit if physiotherapy and elastic bandages, stockings or sleeves, could then be avoided. Studies assessing independently the efficiency of each procedure are needed.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1410875 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Angeiologie, Laboratoire d'Explorations fonctionnelles, CHRU Cote de Nacre, Caen. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
194 Barron H 1990 Towards better health with reflexology Nursing Standard Jun 27-Jul 3;4(40) 32-33   Technique Reflexology         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2116853 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
195 Bartan OO 1999 Tuva self-massage and the method for
its use		 Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi
Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Jan-Feb;(1) 40-41 Russian Technique Self Massage (Tuva)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10224945 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
196 A Bartocci C, Lucentini M 1981 Acupuncture and micromassage
in the treatment of idiopathic nocturnal enuresis		 Minerva Medica Sep 15;72(33) 2237 Italian Disease Enuresis (Nocturnal) Micromassage & Acupuncture A     1) Goals of the Research. We have treated 15 cases of night enuresis (4-13 year) 9 of which had already been treated with other therapies without success, in order to compare the two methods. 2) Methods employed. A) Acupuncture in 10 cases at the following loci, alternatively every other day, with an average number of treatments of 10 per patient: treatment a) C7-E36-RP6-VC3; treatment b) V23-V28-V32. B) Micromassage on the points "Nicturia" in the creases between the first and the second and the third phalanx of the 5th finger (P. Chang) in 5 cases; the first treatment at the presence of parents who have then repeated treatments at home every night for ten minutes, for an average of 20 days. 3) Results and summary. With acupuncture: 7:10 complete recovery, 2 partial recoveries, 1 negative result. With micromassage: 2:5, complete recovery, 1 partial recovery, 2 negative results. Both groups were followed-up up to 4 months after the last treatment.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7290449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   Healthstar Y                                                                            
196 B Bartocci C, Lucentini M 1981 Acupuncture and micromassage
in the treatment of idiopathic nocturnal enuresis		 Minerva Medica Sep 15;72(33) 2237 Italian Disease Enuresis (Nocturnal) Micromassage & Acupuncture B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Acupuncture produces better results in percentage, however the second method is, for its simplicity, a valid alternative mostly in little children who reject acupuncture and it should be further investigated.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7290449 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   Healthstar Y                                                                            
197 Bartocci C, Lucentini M 1981 Reflexotherapy in
idiopathic nocturnal enuresis. Clinical note		 Minerva
Medica		 Sep 15;72(33) 2235-2236 Italian Disease Enuresis (Nocturnal) (Idiopathic) (Reflexotherapy)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7290448 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
198 Bartosova L, Melichar M 1966 Influence of vibration
massage on the temperature of the facial skin		 Hautarzt May;17(5) 213-216 German Technique Massage (Vibration) (Skin Temperature)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5987275 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
199 Bauer WC, Dracup KA 1987 Physiologic effects of back
massage in patients with acute myocardial infarction		 Focus on
Critical Care		 Dec;14(6) 42-46   Cardiovascular Myocaridial Infarction         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3691883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
200 Beal MW 1992 Acupuncture and related treatment
modalities. Part I: Theoretical background		 Journal of Nurse-
Midwifery		 Jul-Aug;37(4) 254-259   Technique Acupuncture & Related Treatment     An introduction to the therapeutic applications, history, and theory of acupuncture and several related treatment modalities is presented. The practices of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupressure, and shiatsu are described. The underlying concept of treatment of imbalances of ch'i, or life energy, is presented along with the flow of ch'i in meridians (pathways), and the theories of yin and yang, Five Elements, and Eight Principle Patterns.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3691883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740. Healthstar Y                                                                            
201 Beal MW 1992 Acupuncture and related treatment
modalities. Part II: Applications to antepartal and intrapartal
care		 Journal of Nurse-Midwifery Jul-Aug;37(4) 260-268   Technique Technique Acupuncture & Related Treatment     The application of acupuncture, moxibustion, acupressure, and shiatsu to antepartal and intrapartal care are discussed. Information on therapeutic interventions as described in textbooks is presented and compared with specific treatments evaluated in research studies. Specific clinical indications addressed include nausea during pregnancy, repositioning of the fetus in breech position, stimulation of contractions and true labor, and pain relief in labor. Qualifications for practitioners and recommendations for certified nurse-midwives caring for clients seeking referral for these services are discussed.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1403172 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740. Healthstar Y                                                                            
202 A Beal MW 1998 Women's use of complementary and
alternative therapies in reproductive health care. [Review] [57
refs]		 Journal of Nurse-Midwifery May-Jun;43(3) 224-234   Review Reproductive Health Care (Alternative Therapies) A Review Review, Tutorial Numerous studies have documented that health care consumers all over the world are spending money out of pocket for alternative therapies and that billions of dollars are spent in the United States alone. In this article, the use of complementary and alternative therapies by women health care consumers is discussed, particularly as this phenomenon relates to women's reproductive health in the United States. Women use conventional health care services more frequently than men; thus, it is not surprising that women account for approximately two thirds of health care appointments for complementary and alternative therapies. The traditional conceptual frameworks of herbal medicine, homeopathy, acupuncture, and acupressure are presented, and common clinical applications to women's reproductive care are discussed.
PIP: Complementary and alternative therapies are gaining acceptance in the US and other countries, both among health providers and consumers. 		  AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9674352 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
202 B Beal MW 1998 Women's use of complementary and
alternative therapies in reproductive health care. [Review] [57
refs]		 Journal of Nurse-Midwifery May-Jun;43(3) 224-234   Review Reproductive Health Care (Alternative Therapies) B (CONTINUED) Review Review, Tutorial (CONTINUED) The potential for integration of complementary and alternative therapies into traditional patient care and contemporary models of science is a topic of increasing discussion. Women account for two-thirds of appointments with US practitioners of alternative medicine. Reproductive health problems, including menstruation disorders, infertility, menopause, and dysfunctions of pregnancy and delivery, offer opportunities for clinical applications of alternative approaches. Many midwives and nurses are interested in these approaches and have sought out special training. This article reviews three alternative approaches available in the US--herbal medicine, homeopathy, and acupuncture and acupressure--and discusses their potential applications to women's reproductive health care.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9674352 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
203 Beal MW 1999 Acupuncture and acupressure.
Applications to women's reproductive health care. [see
comments]. [Review] [57 refs]		 Journal of Nurse-Midwifery May-Jun;44(3) 217-230   Review Reproductive Health Care (Alternative Therapies) Review Review, Tutorial An introduction to the therapeutic applications, history, and theory of acupuncture and acupressure is presented. The traditional concepts that underlie treatment of imbalances of ch'i, or vital energy, are presented, along with the theories of yin and yang, meridians, vital substances, pathogenic factors, five phases, and the eight principle patterns. Contemporary Western research findings on the biochemical mediaries and effects of acupuncture are reviewed. Clinical applications to women's reproductive care that are presented include treatment for dysmenorrhea, infertility, and childbearing. Data on clinical trials are reviewed, and licensure and educational preparation for practice of these modalities are discussed.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10380442 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Yale University School of Nursing, New Haven, CT 06536-0740, USA. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                                                                                           FULL TEXT                                                                        
204 Becker F 1939 What has happened to massage? Kentucky Medical Journal 37 223-226   Miscellaneous Massage Underutilized?         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
205 Becker H, Prysi MF 1990 Quantitative assessment of
postoperative breast massage		 Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Aug;86(2) 355-356   Technique Postoperative Breast Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2367587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   Healthstar N                                                                            
206 Becroft DM, Gunn TR 1985 Intracranial haemorrhages in
Pacific Islander stillbirths: is traditional massage the cause?
[letter]		 New Zealand Medical Journal Jan 23;98(771) 18-19   Disease Intracranial Haemorrhages (Massage Cause)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3855507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   Healthstar N                                                                            
207 Becroft DM, Gunn TR 1989 Prenatal cranial
haemorrhages in 47 Pacific Islander infants: is traditional massage the cause?		 New Zealand Medical Journal May 10;102(867) 207-210   Disease Intracranial Haemorrhages (Massage Cause) Case Reports   Intracranial haemorrhage is usually a very rare occurrence in the fetus before the onset of labour but we have identified major, mostly subdural, prenatal intracranial haemorrhages in 47 infants of immigrant Pacific Islander parentage. Forty-four infants have been stillborn and the numbers from 1983 to 1986 were sufficient to account for the stillbirth rate for Pacific Islanders in Auckland being approximately 60% higher than rates for Europeans or Maoris. Two of three liveborn infants survived with neurological sequelae. Similar haemorrhages may be the cause of a congenital hydrocephalus in Pacific Islanders. A bleeding disorder can be excluded in most cases, as can trauma from accidents or assaults. Trauma during attempts at cephalic version of breech presentations by traditional methods could explain why 53% of deliveries were breech and other pathological and clinical features. Advice at antenatal clinics about possible dangers of traditional massage has coincided with a reduction in the incidence of haemorrhages since 1986.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2717100 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Princess Mary Hospital for Children, Auckland MEDLINE Y                                                                            
208 Beda E 1969 New possibilities of treatment of bronchial
asthma and interruption of dyspnea attacks and asthmatic
status by massage of the diaphragm		 Wiadomosci
Lekarskie		 Oct;22(20) 1923-1926 Polish Disease Asthma (Massage of the Diaphragm)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5368507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
209 Beeguer M, Beeguer R 1992 A rapidly expanding
technique. Manual lymph drainage		 Krankenpflege -
Soins Infirmiers		 Nov;85(11) 58-61 French Technique Lymphatic Massage (Manual)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1494261 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
210 Bei Y 1993 Clinical observations on the treatment of 98 cases of peptic ulcer by massage Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine Mar;13(1) 50-51   Disease Ulcer (Peptic)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8501962 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   Healthstar N                                                                            
211 Belaia NA 1965 Indications and contraindications for
therapeutic exercise and massage in cervico-thoracic radiculitis
 Vop Kurort Fizioter Jan-Feb;30 17-20 Russian Orthopedic Cervico-Thoracic Radiculitis         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 14343032 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])
 )		   Index Medicus N                                                                            
212 Belaia NA 1982 Massage in ischemic heart disease and
myocardial infarct		 Voprosy Kurortologii, Fizioterapii
I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Sep-Oct;(5) 65-66 Russian Cardiovascular Myocaridial Infarction Ischemic Heart Disease         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7179822 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
213 Bell L 1993 Assessing the effects of aromatic oils Nursing Times Apr 28-May 4;89(17) 66   Technique Aromatherapy         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8493139 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
214 Bellantoni R 1928 Plastic inflammation of long tendon of
biceps: treatment by massage and faradization		   36 116-118   Orthopedic Tendonitis (Biceps Long Tendon)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
215 A Belluomini J, Litt RC, Lee KA, Katz M 1994 Acupressure
for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, blinded
study. [see comments]		 Obstetrics & Gynecology Aug;84(2) 245-248   Pregnancy Nausea and Vomiting Acupressure A Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of acupressure in reducing nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. METHODS: Symptomatic pregnant women were randomized to one of two acupressure groups: one treatment group using an acupressure point (PC-6) and one sham control group using a placebo point. Subjects were blind to the group assignment. Each evening for 10 consecutive days, the subjects completed an assessment scale describing the severity and frequency of symptoms that occurred. Data from the first 3 days were used as pre-treatment scores. Beginning on the morning of the fourth day, each subject used acupressure at her assigned point for 10 minutes four times a day. Data from day 4 were discarded to allow 24 hours for the treatment to take effect. Data from days 5-7 were used to measure treatment effect. RESULTS: Sixty women completed the study. There were no differences between groups in attrition, parity, fetal number, maternal age, gestational age at entry, or pre-treatment nausea and emesis scores.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8041539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
215 B Belluomini J, Litt RC, Lee KA, Katz M 1994 Acupressure
for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy: a randomized, blinded
study. [see comments]		 Obstetrics & Gynecology Aug;84(2) 245-248   Pregnancy Nausea and Vomiting Acupressure B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED) Analysis of variance indicated that both groups improved significantly over time, but that nausea improved significantly more in the treatment group than in the sham control group (F1,58 = 10.4, P = .0021). There were no differences in the severity or frequency of emesis between the groups. There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.261, P = .044) between maternal age and severity of nausea. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that acupressure at the PC-6 anatomical site is effective in reducing symptoms of nausea but not frequency of vomiting in pregnant women.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8041539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
216 Benderek I 1939 Physiologic basis of therapeutic
massage		 Orvosi Hetilap 83 13 Hungarian Miscellaneous Massage Physiologic Basis         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
217 Beradze NE 1974 Massage and its effect on the human
body		 Meditsinskaia Sestra Jan;33(1) 37-38 Russian Miscellaneous Massage Physiologic Effects         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4494121 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 )		   MEDLINE N                                                                            
218 A Berden M, Jerman I, Skarja M 1997 A possible physical
basis for the healing touch (biotherapy) evaluated by high
voltage electrophotography		 Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics
Research		 22 127-146   Miscellaneous A Healing Touch (biotherapy) Physiologic Basis A     We performed a series of experiments to examine the possibility that a theoretically proposed and indirectly empirically confirmed form of electromagnetic field emission from living beings appears to modify physical characteristics of water. We pursued three types of experiments. In the first one, we tried to examine whether and in what way water exposed to growing and dying spruce seedlings through a quartz test tube (therefore with no chemical contact), influences the germination of seeds and the growth of seedlings of the same species. The second type focused on the issue of whether and in what way distilled water, equally exposed to growing and dying spruce seedlings as well as to different ontogenetic phases of mealworm beetle, can be modified and this modification later on reproduced through a specially developed method of electrophotography. The third type of experiments presented here attempts to find out whether an emission from human hands can non-chemically mo! dify the physical characteristics of distilled water.   AMTA Foundation Research Database   Acupuncture & Electro-
Therapeutics Research. Web Site= http://www.cognizantcommunication.com/filecabinet/Acupuncture/acu.htm		 Y                                                                            
218 B Berden M, Jerman I, Skarja M 1997 A possible physical
basis for the healing touch (biotherapy) evaluated by high
voltage electrophotography		 Acupuncture & Electro-Therapeutics
Research		 22 127-146   Miscellaneous Healing Touch (biotherapy) Physiologic Basis B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED Their statistical analysis revealed the existence of two different groups of people: those capable of imprinting some form of highly reproducible radiation into water and those at most capable of imprinting only some sort of highly variable radiation. In the future this line of research could provide a scientifically based testing of the actual capabilities of the so-called biotherapists to perform this kind of unconventional healing. The present experiments also represent further indirect evidence for a form of electromagnetic emission from living beings and that such emission alters water in an as yet unknown way       Acupuncture & Electro-
Therapeutics Research. Web Site= http://www.cognizantcommunication.com/filecabinet/Acupuncture/acu.htm		 Y                                                                            
219 Berezovskii VA, Levashov MI, Safonov SL 1992 The use of acoustic vibromassage in diseases of the respiratory organs.
 Likarska Sprava Mar;(3): 71-72 Russian Technique Acoustic Vibromassage (Respiratory Diseases)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1413695 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
220 Berini Ferran J 1944 Touch (massage) as a treatment
of adenoiditis		   16 472-473   Disease Adenoiditis         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
221 Bernay-Roman A 1994 High-touch for a high tech world-
-creating a new nursing specialty		 Revolution Winter;4(4) 44-47   Miscellaneous New Nursing Specialty (Massage)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 7613658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
222 Besse PM & WKM 1939 Application of diuretic
physiotherapy, massage and diathermy, especially in oliguria
and anuria		   59 667-681   Disease Oliguria
and Anuria		         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
223 Bettmann E 1929 New apparatus for producing
bloodless condition and for vascular massage of extremities
 Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizin 1 647 German Technique Vascular Massage (Extremities)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus,                                                                              
224 Beukers CM 1935 Value of fingertip massage in
localization and therapy of rheumatic muscular pains		 Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 79 1103-1111 Dutch Disease Rheumatic Muscular Pains         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus N                                                                            
225 Beynon J 1994 Touched with love Nursing New Zealand Jul;2(6) 15-16 New
Zealand		 Miscellaneous Touch         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8061705 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
226 A Good Rebecca M. 1999 A Close Look at Standards for Therapeutic
Touch (Letter to the Editor)		 JAMA Vol 282 No. 2     Miscellaneous Letter to Editors JAMA Therapeutic Touch AA     To the Editor: In their response1 to a letter by Dr Schmidt2 received in response to their article,3 Ms Rosa and coauthors state that "Dr Schmidt suggests that our test subjects might not have been sufficiently skilled. That would be impossible to determine because [Therapeutic Touch (TT)] has no accepted standards of training or practice." This statement is incorrect. Nurse Healers–Professional Associates International, Inc (NH-PAI), the official organization for TT, has had Standards of Care, Scope of Practice, and Therapeutic Touch Policy and Procedure for Health Professionals in place for a number of years. The organization was founded in 1977 and has had criteria for practice and teaching, including levels of advancement for practitioners, in place for more than 8 years.   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
226 AB Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1999 A Close Look at Standards for Therapeutic
Touch (Letter to the Editor)		 JAMA Vol 282 No. 2     Miscellaneous Letter to Editors JAMA Therapeutic Touch AB (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) In Reply: The existence of the documents to which Ms Good refers does not negate what we said about lack of accepted practice standards. NHPAI's 1998 membership was 1100,1 which we estimate to be less than 3% of TT practitioners. Meaningful standards require demonstrable ability to perform a procedure. What NH-PAI refers to as standards requires no such demonstration.To perform TT, a practitioner must detect and manipulate a "human energy field." None of the 21 practitioners we tested was able to do so. The American Holistic Nurses Association requires no such ability for "certification" in Healing Touch (a TT variant), nor do workshops offered by NH-PAI, Healing Touch International, or the Theosophical Society of America involve any objective determination of ability to practice TT after the workshop has been completed. An NH-PAI Web site even stated that "Whereas . . . energy flow can not be currently measured" . . . NH-PAI opposes certification/credentialing of TT practitioners.   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
226 BB Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. 1999 A Close Look at Standards for Therapeutic
Touch (Letter to the Editor)		 JAMA Vol 282 No. 2     Miscellaneous Letter to Editors JAMA Therapeutic Touch BB (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) 2 States that accept continuing education credits for such TT nursing courses as those offered by the American Nurses' Association or published in the American Journal of Nursing also show no concern for a TT student's actual ability to deliver therapeutic benefit. One author advises: "After reading about therapeutic touch, you may want to experiment with this modality on friends and colleagues before trying it with your patients."3 Can you imagine credentialing physicians in this way?   Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
227 Biancani H 1953 Role of physiotherapy in relaxation
cures		 Bulletin et memoires de la Societe de medecine
de Paris		 157 63-66 French Technique Physiotherapy (Relaxation Cures)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
228 Bianchi W 1952 Massage in rheumatology Revista medica brasiliera 32 157-160 Portuguese Disease Rheumatology         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
229 Biancini H 1963 New therapeutic methods of relaxation
and invigoration		 Concours Med 85 2031-2036 French Technique New Therapeutic Methods         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
230 A Fugh-Berman A, Kronenberg F. 2003 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in reproductive-age women: a review of randomized controlled trials Reproductive Toxicology Mar-Apr;17(2) 137-52   Review Acupressure forNnausea of Pregnancy A     Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are widely used in the general population. This paper reviews randomized controlled trials of CAM therapies for obstetrical and gynecologic conditions and presents therapies that are likely to be used by women of reproductive age and by pregnant women. DATA SOURCES: Sources included English-language papers in MEDLINE 1966-2002 and AMED (1985-2000) and the authors' extensive holdings. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled clinical trials of CAM therapies for obstetric and gynecologic conditions. DATA EXTRACTION: Clinical information was extracted from the articles and summarized in tabular form or in the text.DATA SYNTHESIS: Ninety-three trials were identified, 45 of which were for pregnancy-related conditions, 33 of which were for premenstrual syndrome, and 13 of which were for dysmenorrhea. Data support the use of acupressure for nausea of pregnancy and calcium for PMS.
  Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 20036, Washington, DC, USA. fughberman@aol.com
 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 20036, Washington, DC, USA. fughberman@aol.com A
 MEDLINE Y                                                                            
230 B Fugh-Berman A, Kronenberg F. 2003 Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in reproductive-age women: a review of randomized controlled trials Reproductive Toxicology Mar-Apr;17(2) 137-52   Review Acupressure for Nausea of Pregnancy B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Preliminary studies indicate a role for further research on Vitamin B6 or ginger for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy; calcium, magnesium, Vitamin B6, or chaste-tree berry extract for PMS; and a low-fat diet, exercise, or fish oil supplementation for dysmenorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Limited evidence supports the efficacy of some CAM therapies. Exposure of women of reproductive age to these therapies can be expected.   Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 20036, Washington, DC, USA. fughberman@aol.com
 Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rosenthal Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 20036, Washington, DC, USA. fughberman@aol.com B (CONTINUED)
 MEDLINE Y                                                                            
231 Roscoe JA, Matteson SE.
 2002 Acupressure and acustimulation bands for control of nausea: a brief review.

 Am J Obstet Gynecol May;186(5 Suppl Understanding) S244-7   Review Neiguan-point stimulation by acupressure     We review the published literature examining the efficacy of acupressure and acustimulation wrist bands for the relief of nausea, with special emphasis on the alleviation of nausea associated with pregnancy. We also present preliminary data from an open-label study on the efficacy of acustimulation bands for control of chemotherapy nausea. The literature supports the conclusion that Neiguan-point stimulation by acupressure and acustimulation wrist bands for nausea relief is efficacious for many patients.
   University of Rochester Cancer Center, NY 14642, USA.
 University of Rochester Cancer Center, NY 14642, USA.
 MEDLINE Y                                                                            
232 A Norheim AJ, Pedersen EJ, Fonnebo V, Berge L.
 2001 Acupressure against morning sickness Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Sep 30;121(23) 2712-5 Norwegian Technique Acupressure Morning Sickness A Clinical Trial  Randomized Controlled Trial Although stimulation of certain acupressure points for long has been claimed to alleviate nausea, previous research has left contradictory results. The aim of our study was to find out if acupressure can alleviate nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 97 women with mean gestational length between 8 and 12 weeks were randomized to use either active acupressure or placebo acupressure bands. Symptoms were recorded before they entered the study, during the use of the wristbands, and after the end of the study, according to the intensity, duration and nature of complaints. RESULTS: 71% of the women in the intervention group reported both less intensive morning sickness and shorter duration of symptoms.   Nasjonalt forskningssenter for alternativ medisin Farmasibygget Universitetet i Tromso 9037 Tromso. arne_norheim@hotmail.com Nasjonalt forskningssenter for alternativ medisin Farmasibygget Universitetet i Tromso 9037 Tromso. arne_norheim@hotmail.com A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
232 B Norheim AJ, Pedersen EJ, Fonnebo V, Berge L.
 2001 Acupressure against morning sickness Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Sep 30;121(23) 2712-5 Norwegian Technique Acupressure Morning Sickness B (CONTINUED Clinical Trial  Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED)  The same tendency was seen in the placebo group, with 59% reporting less intensity and 63% shorter duration of symptoms, However, significance levels of 5% were reached regarding duration of symptoms, which was reduced by 2.74 hours in the intervention group compared to 0.85 hours in the placebo group (p = 0.0018). INTERPRETATION: Acupressure wristband might be an alternative for morning sickness in early pregnancy, especially before pharmaceutical treatment is considered   Nasjonalt forskningssenter for alternativ medisin Farmasibygget Universitetet i Tromso 9037 Tromso. arne_norheim@hotmail.com Nasjonalt forskningssenter for alternativ medisin Farmasibygget Universitetet i Tromso 9037 Tromso. arne_norheim@hotmail.com B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
233 Meltzer DI 2000 Complementary therapies for nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy Family Practice 17 570-573   Review Acupressure for Nausea (Early Pregnancy)     Nausea and vomiting are uncomfortable and some times debilitating symptoms encoutered in early pregnancy. Many of the more conventional remedies offer only partial to negligible relief. Some pregnant women also express scepticism regarding the safety of the more traditionally prescribed pharmacological agents used to combat morning sickness. Vitabin B6, ginger root and acupressure are three complementary modalities that may help aleviate these self-limiting discomforts.   AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE Department of Family Medicine, Health Sciences Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook NY. 11794-8461, USA Y FULL TEXT LINK                                                                          
234 Biedermann H 1995 The manual therapy of newborn infants and young children Voprosy Kurortologii,
Fizioterapii I Lechebnoi Fizicheskoi Kultury		 Jul-Aug;(4) 48-49 Russian Infants Manual Therapy         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8779191 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
235 Bieling 1924 Massage in myalgia and neuralgia Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 50 1613 German Disease Myalgia and Neuralgia         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
236 Bierman W 1960 Influence of cycloid vibration massage
on trunk flexion		 American Journal of Physical Medicine 39 219-224   Technique Cycloid Vibration Massage (Trunk Flexion)         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
237 NORDSCHOW M, BIERMAN W. 1962 The influence of manual massage on muscle relaxation: effect on trunk flexion J Am Phys Ther Assoc Oct;42 653-7   Technique Manual Massage         PUBMED (PMID: 13938912 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
238 BIERMAN W, SHAANAN A, WISHAM LH. 1957 The influence of vibration on temperature and on the clearance of radioactive sodium in human subjects Arch Phys Med Rehabil Dec;37(12) 760-5   Medical Research Vibration (clearance of radioactive sodium)         PUBMED (PMID: 13373518 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
239 Billhult A, Dahlberg K 2001 A meaningful relief from
suffering experiences of massage in cancer care		 Cancer
Nursing		 Jun;24(3) 180-184 Swedish Disease Cancer     The experience of massage in an oncology ward was the focus of this study. Eight female cancer patients were given massage for 10 consecutive days and then interviewed using phenomenology as a theoretical framework. The essential meaning of getting massage as part of the daily care for female cancer patients was described as getting a meaningful relief from suffering. The findings identified five themes: the relief is meaningful because it offers the patient an experience of being "special." The massage contributes to the development of a positive relationship with the personnel, to feeling strong, and to a balance between autonomy and dependence. The massage also brings about a meaningful relief from suffering because it just "feels good." The findings of this study can be of use to health care professionals as it shows that the relatively short period of massage can result in physical and emotional benefits for cancer patients.   PUBMED (PMID: 11409061 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) School of Health Sciences, Boras University College, Sweden.
 MEDLINE Y                                                                            
240 A Birk TJ, McGrady A, MacArthur RD, Khuder S. 2000 The effects of massage therapy alone and in combination with other complementary therapies on immune system measures and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus. J Altern Complement Med Oct;6(5) 405-14   Disease immune system measures and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus A Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial OBJECTIVES: Determine effects of massage therapy alone and in combination with exercise or stress management-biofeedback treatment on enumerative immune measures, and quality of life in moderately immunocompromised human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) subjects. DESIGN: Randomized prospective controlled trial with 42 subjects randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups or a control group receiving standard care and intervention over a 12-week period. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Forty-two (42) subjects with HIV infection (40 males; 2 females; aged 27-50 years) met eligibility requirements of CD4+ lymphocyte cell count greater than 200 cells per microliter; no present or recent signs or symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and were not hospitalized. INTERVENTIONS: A 45-minute overall body massage once per week; similar massage and supervised aerobic exercise 2 other days per week; similar massage and biofeedback stress management once per week;   PUBMED (PMID: 11059502 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health, Wayne State University and Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit 48207, USA. ae7647@wayne.edu A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
240 B Birk TJ, McGrady A, MacArthur RD, Khuder S. 2000 The effects of massage therapy alone and in combination with other complementary therapies on immune system measures and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus. J Altern Complement Med Oct;6(5) 405-14   Disease immune system measures and quality of life in human immunodeficiency virus B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED) control receiving standard treatment. OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in peripheral blood levels of CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, CD4+/CD8+ lymphocyte ratio and natural killer cells; six dimension quality-of-life assessment. RESULTS: No significant changes (p > 0.05) were found in any enumerative immune measure. Significant (p < 0.05) differences for quality-of-life assessment were in health care utilization and health perceptions, favoring massage and stress management compared to massage only and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Massage administered once per week to HIV-infected persons does not enhance immune measures. Massage combined with stress management favorably alters health perceptions and leads to less utilization of health care resources. This suggests that HIV-infected persons receiving massage and stress management would tend to not overutilize health care services, thus possibly reducing health care costs.   PUBMED (PMID: 11059502 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Physical Therapy, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health, Wayne State University and Rehabilitation Institute of Michigan, Detroit 48207, USA. ae7647@wayne.edu B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
241 Bishop E 1995 . ...and even more on TT. [letter;
comment]		 Research in Nursing & Health Dec;18(6) 575   Technique Therapeutic Touch         PubMed (PMID: 7480858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
242 Bishop E 1996 Reader questions discussion of
therapeutic touch. [letter; comment]		 Oncology Nursing Forum Sep;23(8) 1165   Miscellaneous Threapeutic Touch Reader Questions         PubMed (PMID: 8883065 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
243 Bishop E 1999 A touchy subject. [letter; comment] American Journal of Nursing Aug;99(8) 14   Miscellaneous Threapeutic Touch Comments         PubMed (PMID: 10456013 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
244 Aksenova AM, Teslenko OI, Boganskaia OA. 1999 Changes in the immune status of peptic ulcer patients after combined treatment including deep massage Vopr Kurortol Fizioter Lech Fiz Kult. Mar-Apr;(2) 19-20 Russian Technique Orthopedic Deep Massage Peptic Ulcer     Unsatisfactory results of ulcer drug medication necessitate introduction of new approaches to treatment of this disease. We tried massage and therapeutic exercise as alternative methods of ulcer treatment as they provide biologically validated ways to mobilization of the body defenses. The results of our studies showed that deep reflex muscular massage and exercises for extension of the skeletal muscles are not inferior in effectiveness in ulcer than routine drug therapy. Therefore, the massage and the exercises are advisable adjuvant modalities in sparing drug medication improving immune status and treatment outcomes in patients with ulcer in exacerbation.   PubMed (PMID: 10358996 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
245 A Blackman PG, Simmons LR, Crossley KM 1998 Treatment of chronic exertional anterior compartment syndrome with massage: a pilot study Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine Jan;8(1) 14-17   Orthopedic Exertional Anterior Compartment Syndrome A     OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of massage on anterior chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) with respect to symptoms, intracompartmental pressures, and work output of the anterior compartment in dorsiflexion. DESIGN: One group-repeated measures design. SETTING: A private sports medicine clinic in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Seven athletes (six men and one woman), aged between 21 and 29 years, were selected on the basis of clinical suspicion for anterior CECS. Historical questionnaire and examination were followed by intracompartmental pressure testing of the anterior compartment. Study exclusion criteria were history of a bleeding diathesis and previous treatment consisting of compartment fasciotomy or massage. All athletes completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: A 5-week course of massage consisting of two sessions in the first week and one session per week thereafter, for a total of six treatments.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9448951 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Australia. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
245 B Blackman PG, Simmons LR, Crossley KM 1998 Treatment of chronic exertional anterior compartment syndrome with massage: a pilot study Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine Jan;8(1) 14-17   Orthopedic Exertional Anterior Compartment Syndrome B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Between each session, a twice-daily standard stretching program involving both anterior and posterior compartments was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postexercise anterior compartment pressures (mm Hg) before and after treatment, work output (J) in dorsiflexion to pain onset before and after treatment, self-reported symptoms before and after treatment. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the 3-minute postexercise compartment pressures after the treatment. There was a significant (p = 0.016) increase, however, in work performed in dorsiflexion to pain onset following the massage course. CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent massage combined with specific stretching should be considered in the treatment of anterior CECS.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9448951 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Olympic Park Sports Medicine Centre, Melbourne, Australia. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
246 A Blank AJ 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch.
[letter; comment]		 JAMA Dec 9;280(22 1907; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—The conclusion of Ms Rosa and colleagues1 that “further professional use [of TT] is unjustified” should be more subtle. Despite the current vogue for evidence-based medicine, clinicians use many modalities that have not been validated in double-blind studies.Sometimeshigher standards are demanded of innocuous alternative therapies than potentially dangerous but accepted conventional ones. Should treatments
that have no pernicious effects (eg, TT) be expected to meetthestandardsdemandedof potentiallyharmfulbiochemical or surgical interventions?
At the very least,TToffers the patient the full and unhurried attention of a caregiver.Suchattention is rare in our health care system and may be of value even if it only works through an enhancing placebo effect. As with any unproven therapy, it is neither unreasonablenorunethical torecommendor offerTTto a patient who is informed of its limitations. 		  AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9851472 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
246 B Blank AJ 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch.
[letter; comment]		 JAMA Dec 9;280(22 1907; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Nevertheless, I agree that the study by Rosa et al makes a powerful argument
against third-party reimbursement for TT and suggest that practitioners should inform the patient that its efficacy has not been established by modern scientific methods. Arnold J. Blank, MD Queens–Long Island Medical Group Astoria, NY		   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9851472 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
247 A Lee J. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905-6; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—Ms Rosa and colleagues1 claim that “the definitive test ofTTis not a clinical trial of its alleged therapeutic effects, but a test of whether practitioners can perceiveHEFs [human energy fields].” The definitive test of a healing practice is whether healing takes place, not whether the practitioners have a flawless grasp of the natural forces at work. If TT practitioners predicted their success in a study like this one, then the test shows only that the TT practitioners do not have an accurate grasp on the healing processes at work, if any. Perhaps intention of the patient matters quite a lot,   PubMed (PMID: 9851465 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
247 B Lee J. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905-6; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) even though this is discounted by the practitioners themselves. Perhaps a TT practitioner must intend to heal as opposed to intend to choose a left or right hand. The authors’ sweeping pronouncement that “the claims of TT are groundless and that further professional use is unjustified is not appropriate.” Such is evidence of a personal and not entirely objective agenda, no doubt consistent with that of Quackwatch Inc, the Questionable Nurse Practices Task Force, the National Council Against Health Fraud, Inc, and the National Therapeutic Touch Study Group. One would expect medical professionals to be more concerned with whether real healing occurs. Jesse Lee, JD DionySystems, Inc Alexandria, Va   PubMed (PMID: 9851465 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
248 A Carpenter J, Hagemaster J, Joiner B.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—Members of the greater Kansas City chapter of Nurse Healers–Professional Associates are disappointed in the authors’ use of a child’s fourth-grade science project to support an anti-TT crusade.1 To describe this child’s homework as “research” is without foundation since it clearly fails to meet the criteria of randomization, control, and valid intervention. The “researcher’s” qualifications to conduct research and those of her mother are nonexistent. Flagrant violations againstTTinclude the fact that “sensing” an energy field is not TT but rather a nonessential element in the 5-step process; inclusion of many misrepresentations of cited sources; use of inflammatory language that indicates significant author bias;
and bias introduced by the child conducting the project being involved in the actual trials. As health care professionals, we welcome healthy skepticism, as long as it is born of honestyandintegrity. In fact,many		   PubMed (PMID: 9851464 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
248 B Carpenter J, Hagemaster J, Joiner B.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) TT practitioners start as skeptics but are compelled to continue TT after observing many individuals who benefit. Some patients acknowledge pain relief. Others experience relaxation, accelerated wound healing, and emotional reintegration. Through rigorous research, which does not include elementary- school science projects,wemayone day gain a more thorough understanding of TT. It is unfortunate that JAMA would publish articles that deliberately fragment the TT process to achieve erroneous results to further the authors’ own biases. Therapeutic Touch practitioners, health care professionals, and the public deserve better. Jacque Carpenter, MSN, ARNP Julia Hagemaster, PhD, ARNP Barbara Joiner, MA, BSCN
Kansas City Chapter of Nurse Healers–Professional Associates Inc Kansas City, Mo		   PubMed (PMID: 9851464 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
249 A Collins SB.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—Bias occurs when researchers take a holistic process, such as TT,1 extract 1 aspect of the process, and measure
it in a separate situation. When the experiment fails to prove what the researchers hypothesized, they then declare thewholeprocess worthless.Thefact that this declarationwas derived from a sample size of 21 further validates bias on the part of the researchers and the editors. Furthermore, to dismiss large volumes of research, including double-blind studies, as incompetent research means the authors never thoroughly
evaluated or considered the merit of the articles listed as references. Moreover, I care very little whether a practitioner can feel energetic exchange successfully in a contrived situation such as the experiment set up when I see outcomes that the TT process as a whole works. Much about the mechanisms of energetic transfer and healing is not understood. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
249 B Collins SB.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) To take 1 reductionistic experiment and make sweeping statements
is an irresponsible research process. Encouraging further reasonable research intosomeof thesemechanismswould be a positive outcome to this negative experience. Finally, the authors’ statement, “The American Holistic Nursing Association offers certification in ‘healing touch,’ a
TT variant” is incorrect. The certifying body is Healing Touch International, Inc, with headquarters in Lakewood, Colo. Healing Touch is a continuing education certificate program endorsed by American Holistic Nurses’ Association.Susan B. Collins, RN, MEd, MSN, CFNP, HNC
American Holistic Nurses’ Association Flagstaff, Ariz		   PubMed (PMID: 9851463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
250 A Freinkel A. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—As a clinician, I am surprised that THE JOURNAL elected to address the important and controversial issue of Therapeutic Touch (TT) with such a simpleminded, methodologically flawed, and irrelevant study. The experimentsdescribed are an artificial demonstration thatsomenumber of self-described mystics were unable to “sense the field” of the primary investigator’s 9-year-old daughter.1 This hardly
demonstrates or debunks the efficacy of TT. The vaguely described recruitment method does not ensure or even suggest that the subjects being tested were actually skilled practitioners.More important, the experiments described are not relevant to the clinical issue supposedly being researched. Therapeutic Touch is not a parlor trick and should not be investigated as such. Rather, it is a therapeutic technique that may be discoveredto require activeinvolvementbyagenuinely ill patient, as the authors themselves convolutedly acknowledge in their
citation of Krieger’s work. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851462 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE)   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
250 B Freinkel A. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1905; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Thus, to demonstrate a child’s participation in a magic trick hardly represents an investigation of a clinical phenomenon. It is not yet clear if TT will be proven to be effective and for which, if any, indications. A serious and appropriately designed clinical study is needed to determine its efficacy, not an elementary-school science project. Andrew Freinkel, MD   PubMed (PMID: 9851462 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE)   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
251 A Palmer JL.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906-7; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—The hypothesis tested by Ms Rosa and colleagues1 was not directly related to the authors’ conclusions, and the methods of analysis and their interpretations were not always appropriate. First, the hypothesis tested whether the TT practitioners could detect which of their hands was being hovered over by the investigator. Because practitioners were not instructed to performTTon the investigator, the hypothesis cannot test the effectiveness of TT. If TT works well in properly designed blinded clinical trials, then whether practitioners can detect
anHEFunder conditions of this study does not seem relevant. Second, the study was designed using the binomial distribution. However, it was analyzed using the t distribution, although the data do not appear to be approximately normally distributed and are not continuous. Even so, Table 2 shows that for the initial test the alternative hypothesis that µ = 6.67 was barely rejected at the .05 level of significance.		   PubMed (PMID: 9851469 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
251 B Palmer JL.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906-7; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The authors state that “the odds of getting 8 of 10 trials correct by chance alone is 45 of 1024 (P= .04).” This is the probability of getting exactly 8 of 10 trials correct. The probability of getting 8 or more correct answers of 10 is 56 of 1024 (5.5%). More important, if the true probability of a successful prediction were 0.67 (considered by this article to be a positive trial), then the probability of 0 to 4 successes in 10 trials would be 0.07, and the probability of 0 to 5 successes in 10 trials would be 0.21. Neither are less than 0.05. Therefore, this study is not definitive proof that the true probability of success of the practitioners is no better than 0.67. Figure 2 in the article includes a frequency distribution of 28
TT practitioners’ scores, although only 21 unique practitioners were tested. More than half the original 15 practitioners did not participate in the follow-up test, but no reason was given for their absence. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851469 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
251 C Palmer JL.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906-7; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch C (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The mean of the initial test was 4.67; that of the follow-uptestwassmaller, 4.08.Theauthorsstatethatalthough several practitioners complained about the presence of the television crew during the follow-up test, this was irrelevant. Further research, preferably properly designed blinded clinical trials, is required to prove or disprove the effectiveness of TT.
J. Lynn Palmer, PhD M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, Tex		   PubMed (PMID: 9851469 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
252 A Jarski RW.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—No study, including the one on TT,1 can prove the nonexistence of a phenomenon. The null hypothesis is a useful methodologic convention fabricated for the purpose of avoiding experimental error. Proper use of hypothesis testing contradicts this article’s “unrefuted evidence that the claims of TT are groundless and that further professional use is unjustified.” The only conclusion is that, under the conditions of
the experiment, a possible truth had not been discovered (a type I or a error—rejecting a hypothesis that actually is true). Second, the experimental conditions did not approximate the technique of TTas it is practiced. Touch therapists repeatedly move their hands over the patient with special attention given to perceived problem regions. In this study, a static condition was evaluated, eliminating the movement component
thatmaybe critical. Similarly, a type I hypothesis testing error would result when evaluating modern security sensors. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851468 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
252 B Jarski RW.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Under static conditions, these sensors would detect human presence 0% of the time. The 100% success rate expected in this study was far too stringent. There are few, if any, conventional medical tests, evaluations, or therapeutics this successful. Unconventional therapies should be scrutinized by thesamehigh but not untenable standards used for evaluating conventional modalities.Anunreasonably strict experimental outcome practically ensures a type I error. The research recommendations should include further study, and the practice recommendations should await a preponderance of accumulated evidence. Robert W. Jarski, PhD Oakland University Rochester, Mich   PubMed (PMID: 9851468 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
253 A Schmidt SM. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—I critiqued the study on TT1 and was amazed that a research study with so many flaws could be published. First, the authors list 129 references of which approximately only 50 are primary research studies. Of these studies, the majority are master’s theses or dissertations from the 1980s, and only 9 references are reports of quantitative studies from the 1990s.Acloser look at the methods is even more alarming.
Possible confounders include the wide range of experience of the 21 practitioners, demographic characteristics of the participants, and lack of evidence of the depth of their training in TT. Although the subject was able to “center,” the researcher, a young girl who simply held her hand over the upturned palm of the practitioner, violated the entire premise of TT. The procedure was conducted in different settings with no control
of environmental conditions. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
253 B Schmidt SM. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Even though the trials were repeated, the subjects did not change, thus claims ofpowerbased on possible repetitions of error are inappropriate. The true numbers in groups are 15 and 13, thus making a type II error highly probable with a study power of less than 30%. Another concerniswhetherparticipants signedinformedconsent documents or at least were truly informed as to the nature of this study and that publication of its results would be sought beyond a report to the fourth-grade teacher. Susan M. Schmidt, PhD, RN, COHN-S, CNS Xavier University Cincinnati, Ohio   PubMed (PMID: 9851467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
254 A Ireland M.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—Research design flaws in the study by Ms Rosa and colleagues1 are disturbing given the serious nature of study results and the suggestion that TT should no longer be offered to patients. First, the authors are not neutral and unbiased, nor is the senior author representative of nurse scientists with advanced degrees currently conducting research. Second, it is questionable whether the sampling methods provided
a representative sample. “Searching advertisements” to obtain a sample is purposive and limits generalizability. In addition, the authors did not specify what is meant by “following other leads” in recruiting participants. Apparent failure of theparticipants to question explication of testproceduresfrom a 9-year-old child suggests lack of sophistication. Third, no rationale is provided for conducting 2 series of tests, and the
criteria that guided this design are not mentioned. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
254 B Ireland M.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1906; author reply 1908   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Moreover, during the first testing period, there was a lack of equivalency in both the time frames used to assess practitioners and the settings in which data were collected. The impact of videotaping during the second testing period, a complaint registeredby several participants, is not addressed. Fourth, the subtle demand characteristic of the procedure for testing the hypothesis that practitioners should be able to perceive the HEF of the experimenter 100% of the time was not representative of the patient-practitioner interaction and glosses over the fact that practitioners generally use bothhandsto assess theHEF. In the interest of scientific exploration of the efficacy of TT and its mechanism of action and the advancement of quality patient care,whichis nevermentionedin the article,weshould be cautious in following the recommendations of the authors to discard an intervention that many patients throughout several decades tell us “works.”2 Mary Ireland, RN, PhD Rutgers College of Nursing Newark, NJ   PubMed (PMID: 9851473 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
255 Manos PJ.
 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1907-8   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch         PubMed (PMID: 9851466 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
256 A Howell JD. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1907   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—As a physician, I remain skeptical about TT as an effective technique.Asa scientist, I appreciate the effortsby Ms Rosa and colleagues1 to ascertain the validity of some fundamental claims ofTTpractitioners. But as a medical historian, I think it is essential to remember thatmanyinterventionsnow universally regarded as useful were originally proposed at a time when their fundamental basis was not only unknown, but in some cases unknowable. To consider only a single example, when Ignaz Semmelweis proposed handwashing as an intervention
to combat disease transmission in the mid-1800s, there was no consistent theory of disease causation by microorganisms, and there did not exist the technological processes necessary to demonstrate the existence of those microorganisms now considered a major cause of human disease. Nonetheless, handwashing was perceived to have an effect on human disease. 		  PubMed (PMID: 9851470 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
256 B Howell JD. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1907   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Similarly, when we wish to definitively assess the efficacy of a therapeutic intervention today, we mustawaitstudies of its effectiveness (or lack thereof) intreatment, whether or not we can demonstrate a theoretical basis for its effect. Joel D. Howell, MD, PhD University of Michigan Ann Arbor   PubMed (PMID: 9851470 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
257 A Streltzer J. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1907   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A     To the Editor.—In describing the theoretical background of TT, Ms Rosa and colleagues1 note the similarity to the “animal magnetism” healing techniques of the controversial 18th-century physician Franz Anton Mesmer. Indeed, Mesmer’s mysterious and magical cures gained such notoriety in Paris that in 1784, King Louis XVI appointed a blue-ribbon panel from the prestigiousFrenchAcademyof Sciences to formally evaluate
this “magnetism.” The panel, which included such wellknown scientists as Lavoisier, Guillotin, and Benjamin Franklin, verified that some patients indeed had benefited, but they dismissed this as having something to do with the “imagination,” and concluded that “magnetism” was not a real phenomenon. 2 Unfortunately, this prestigious panel missed the opportunity to gain further understanding of the potential of the patient-physician relationship, the power of suggestion, and recognition of the closely related power of the placebo effect.		   PubMed (PMID: 9851471 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
257 B Streltzer J. 1998 An even closer look at therapeutic touch JAMA Dec 9;280(22) 1907   Miscellaneous Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) 3 Ms Rosa and colleagues have elegantly refuted the original theoretical basis forTT(with its “human energy field”), but as in Mesmer’s case, this does not mean TT cannot be helpful to patients. TherapeuticTouchprovides a structure thatmanyill patients enjoy: a caring individual with positive intentions devotes exclusive attention to the patient in need. Based on the current popularity of alternative medicine therapies,4 TT is likely to resonate with the belief systems of many patients. Particularly if TT is practiced only on willing patients by volunteerswhochargenofees, there shouldbenoadverse effects. If we acknowledge that the interaction between individuals can be a powerful force, then TT can offer an appropriate structure to harness its positive potential to provide some psychological comfort to ill patients  Jon Streltzer, MD John A. Burns School of Medicine Honolulu, Hawaii   PubMed (PMID: 9851471 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
258 Blassberg & Cohen 1928 Massage performed by the
blind		   7 248-250   Miscellaneous Blind Massage Therapists         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
259 Blegen E 1961 Thoughts about massage Journal of Oslo
City Hospital		 Nov;11 185-187   Miscellaneous Thoughts Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 13869956 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])   Index Medicus N                                                                            
260 Bles C 1922 Estimation of effect of massage, ab.. JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) 79 1008   Miscellaneous Massage Effects         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
261 Mulloney SS, Wells-Federman C. 1996 Therapeutic touch: a healing modality J Cardiovasc
Nurs		 Apr;10(3) 27-49   Review Therapeutic Touch Review Review, Tutorial Therapeutic touch is a nursing intervention pioneered more than 20 years ago. A substantial body of literature encompassing theory, clinical practice, and research exists on this energetic healing modality. This article examines the scientific basis for healing through the human energy field, including the basic assumptions from which therapeutic touch was developed and a summary of related research. It also discusses integration of therapeutic touch into clinical practice and identifies resources for further exploration.   PubMed (PMID: 8820318 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
262 Straus JL, Cavanaugh SA. 1996 Placebo effects Psychosomatics 37 315-326   Miscellaneous Placebo effects         AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
263 A Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. 1998 Trends in alternative medicine use in
the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey		 JAMA Nov 11;280(18): 1569-1575   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine A     CONTEXT: A prior national survey documented the high prevalence and costs of alternative medicine use in the United States in 1990. OBJECTIVE: To document trends in alternative medicine use in the United States between 1990 and 1997. DESIGN: Nationally representative random household telephone surveys using comparable key questions were conducted in 1991 and 1997 measuring utilization in 1990 and 1997, respectively. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1539 adults in 1991 and 2055 in 1997. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Prevalence, estimated costs, and disclosure of alternative therapies to physicians. RESULTS: Use of at least 1 of 16 alternative therapies during the previous year increased from 33.8% in 1990 to 42.1% in 1997 (P < or = .001). The therapies increasing the most included herbal medicine, massage, megavitamins, self-help groups, folk remedies, energy healing, and homeopathy.
  PubMed (PMID: 9820257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Center for Alternative Medicine Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02215, USA. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
263 B Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. 1998 Trends in alternative medicine use in
the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey		 JAMA Nov 11;280(18): 1569-1575   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The probability of users visiting an alternative medicine practitioner increased from 36.3% to 46.3% (P = .002). In both surveys alternative therapies were used most frequently for chronic conditions, including back problems, anxiety, depression, and headaches. There was no significant change in disclosure rates between the 2 survey years; 39.8% of alternative therapies were disclosed to physicians in 1990 vs 38.5% in 1997. The percentage of users paying entirely out-of-pocket for services provided by alternative medicine practitioners did not change significantly between 1990 (64.0%) and 1997 (58.3%) (P=.36). Extrapolations to the US population suggest a 47.3% increase in total visits to alternative medicine practitioners, from 427 million in 1990 to 629 million in 1997, thereby exceeding total visits to all US primary care physicians. An estimated 15 million adults in 1997 took prescription medications concurrently with herbal remedies and/or high-dose vitamins (18.4% of all prescription users).   PubMed (PMID: 9820257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Center for Alternative Medicine Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02215, USA. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
263 C Eisenberg DM, Davis RB, Ettner SL, et al. 1998 Trends in alternative medicine use in
the United States, 1990-1997: results of a follow-up national survey		 JAMA Nov 11;280(18): 1569-1575   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine C (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Estimated expenditures for alternative medicine professional services increased 45.2% between 1990 and 1997 and were conservatively estimated at $21.2 billion in 1997, with at least $12.2 billion paid out-of-pocket. This exceeds the 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US hospitalizations. Total 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures relating to alternative therapies were conservatively estimated at $27.0 billion, which is comparable with the projected 1997 out-of-pocket expenditures for all US physician services. CONCLUSIONS: Alternative medicine use and expenditures increased substantially between 1990 and 1997, attributable primarily to an increase in the proportion of the population seeking alternative therapies, rather than increased visits per patient.   PubMed (PMID: 9820257 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Center for Alternative Medicine Research and Education, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass 02215, USA. C (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
264 A Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Norlock FE, Calkins DR, Delbanco TL. 1993 Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use.
 N Engl J Med. Jan 28;328(4) 246-52   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine Prevalence Cost Patterns of Use A     BACKGROUND. Many people use unconventional therapies for health problems, but the extent of this use and the costs are not known. We conducted a national survey to determine the prevalence, costs, and patterns of use of unconventional therapies, such as acupuncture and chiropractic. METHODS. We limited the therapies studied to 16 commonly used interventions neither taught widely in U.S. medical schools nor generally available in U.S. hospitals. We completed telephone interviews with 1539 adults (response rate, 67 percent) in a national sample of adults 18 years of age or older in 1990. We asked respondents to report any serious or bothersome medical conditions and details of their use of conventional medical services; we then inquired about their use of unconventional therapy. RESULTS. One in three respondents (34 percent) reported using at least one unconventional therapy in the past year, and a third of these saw providers for unconventional therapy.   PubMed (PMID: 8418405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215. A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
264 B Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Norlock FE, Calkins DR, Delbanco TL. 1993 Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use.
 N Engl J Med. Jan 28;328(4) 246-52   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine Prevalence Cost Patterns of Use B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The latter group had made an average of 19 visits to such providers during the preceding year, with an average charge per visit of $27.60. The frequency of use of unconventional therapy varied somewhat among socio-demographic groups, with the highest use reported by nonblack persons from 25 to 49 years of age who had relatively more education and higher incomes. The majority used unconventional therapy for chronic, as opposed to life-threatening, medical conditions. Among those who used unconventional therapy for serious medical conditions, the vast majority (83 percent) also sought treatment for the same condition from a medical doctor; however, 72 percent of the respondents who used unconventional therapy did not inform their medical doctor that they had done so. Extrapolation to the U.S. population suggests that in 1990 Americans made an estimated 425 million visits to providers of unconventional therapy.   PubMed (PMID: 8418405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215. B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
264 C Eisenberg DM, Kessler RC, Foster C, Norlock FE, Calkins DR, Delbanco TL. 1993 Unconventional medicine in the United States. Prevalence, costs, and patterns of use.
 N Engl J Med. Jan 28;328(4) 246-52   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine Prevalence Cost Patterns of Use C (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) This number exceeds the number of visits to all U.S. primary care physicians (388 million). Expenditures associated with use of unconventional therapy in 1990 amounted to approximately $13.7 billion, three quarters of which ($10.3 billion) was paid out of pocket. This figure is comparable to the $12.8 billion spent out of pocket annually for all hospitalizations in the United States. CONCLUSIONS. The frequency of use of unconventional therapy in the United States is far higher than previously reported. Medical doctors should ask about their patients' use of unconventional therapy whenever they obtain a medical history.   PubMed (PMID: 8418405 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215. C (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
265 Bodian M 1969 Use of massage following lid surgery.
Eye		 Ear, Nose & Throat Monthly Sep;48(9) 542-547   Disease Eye Lid Surgery         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5802552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
266 Bogdanov EI, Galiamov DL, Ivanichev GA, Faskhutdinov
RR		 1991 A variant of manual therapy--post-isometric
relaxation of leg muscles in patients with lumbar sciatica		 Zhurnal Nevropatologii i Psikhiatrii Imeni S - S -
Korsakova		 91(4) 30-31 Russian Technique Manual Therapy Post-Isometric Relaxation         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 1650090 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
267 Bohler 1933 Inadvisability of massage and passive
movements for recent injuries of bones and joints [Reply by
Bohler]		 Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift 80 1369   Miscellaneous Bone & Joint Injuries         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus,                                                                              
268 Bohler L 1933 Inadvisability of massage and passive
movements for recent injuries of bones and joints		 Munchener
Medizinische Wochenschrift		 80 1040-1042   Miscellaneous Bone & Joint Injuries         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus,                                                                              
269 Bohlmann R 1971 Treatment of lymphatic drainage Zeitschrift fur Krankenpflege - Revue Suisse des
Infirmieres		 64 353 French Technique Lymphatic Drainage         AMTA Foundation Research Database   MEDLINE                                                                              
270 Bonadonna R 1993 The touching goes both ways South
Carolina Nurse		 8 28   Miscellaneous Touching         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Healthstar                                                                              
271 Booth B 1993 Shiatsu Nursing Times Nov 17-23;89(46) 38-40   Technique Shiatsu         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8247885 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
272 Booth B 1994 Reflexology Nursing Times Jan 5-11;90(1) 38-40   Technique Reflexology        
AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8302632 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
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273 A Stephenson NLN, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS 2000 The Effects of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety and Pain in Patients With Breast and Lung Cancer
 Oncology Nursing Forum January/February Volume 27, Number 1     Technique Reflexology A     Purpose/Objectives: To test the effects of foot reflexology on anxiety and pain in patients with breast and lung cancer. Design: Quasi-experimental, pre/post, crossover. Setting: A medical/oncology unit in a 314-bed hospital in the southeastern United States.
Sample: Twenty-three inpatients with breast or lung cancer. The majority of the sample were female, Caucasian, and 65 years or
older; had 12 or fewer years of education and an annual income of $20,000 or more; and were receiving regularly scheduled opioids
and adjuvant medications on the control and intervention day. Methods: Procedures included an intervention condition (foot
reflexology to both feet for 30 minutes total by a certified reflexologist) and a control condition for each patient (with at least a
two-day break). No changes were made in patients' regular schedule or medications. Main Research Variables: Anxiety and pain.
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273 B Stephenson NLN, Weinrich SP, Tavakoli AS 2000 The Effects of Foot Reflexology on Anxiety and Pain in Patients With Breast and Lung Cancer
 Oncology Nursing Forum January/February Volume 27, Number 1     Technique Reflexology B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Findings: Following the foot reflexology intervention, patients with breast and lung cancer experienced a significant decrease in
anxiety. One of three pain measures showed that patients with breast cancer experienced a significant decrease in pain. Conclusions: The significant decrease in anxiety observed in this sample of patients with breast and lung cancer following foot reflexology suggests that this may be a self-care approach to decrease anxiety in this patient population. Implications for Nursing Practice: Professionals and lay people can be taught reflexology. Foot reflexology is an avenue for human touch, can be performed anywhere, requires no special equipment, is noninvasive, and does not interfere with patients' privacy.		 X       Y Full Text                                                                          
274 A Borchgrevink CF 1997 Research in alternative medicine. What is documented, and what is documentation?. [Review] [34
refs]		 Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening Jun 30;117(17) 2469-2473 Norwegian Review Alternative Medicine A Review Review, Tutorial A study of the literature describing research on alternative medicine showed that, in general, the research was of poor quality. Any clinical effect of kinesiology had not been documented. Only few studies on reflexology had been controlled. Several controlled studies on healing showed significant effect, mainly in patients with psychosomatic disorders, or when the patient had great faith in the healer. Acupuncture seems to be effective against nausea, in patients with chronic pain and in patients who have had stroke. The data do not support the claim that acupuncture is effective for asthma or addiction. In the case of homeopathy the evidence from clinical trials is positive but not sufficient to draw a definite conclusion, for example, is it better than placebo?  
AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9265307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Avdeling for samfunnsmedisin, Statens institutt for folkehelse, Oslo. A Healthstar Y                                                                            
274 B Borchgrevink CF 1997 Research in alternative medicine. What is documented, and what is documentation?. [Review] [34
refs]		 Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening Jun 30;117(17) 2469-2473 Norwegian Review Alternative Medicine B (CONTINUED) Review Review, Tutorial (CONTINUED) The majority of studies seems to disregard the principle of homeopathy, i.e. that the treatment should be individualised. Even if the documented effect of alternative medicine is not convincing, the effect is favourable empirically and may in itself be sufficient to give practitioners of alternative medicine an authorization. The term "alternative medicine" should be replaced by "complementary medicine".  
AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9265307 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
Avdeling for samfunnsmedisin, Statens institutt for folkehelse, Oslo. B (CONTINUED) Healthstar Y                                                                            
275 Bork K, Korting GW, Faust G 1971 Action of some serum enzymes following whole-body muscle massage. Contribution to the problem of physical therapy in
dermatomyositis		 Archiv fur Dermatologische
Forschung		 240(3) 342-348 German Medical Research Serum Enzyme Levels (Post Full Body Massage)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 4252883 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
276 Bork K, Korting GW, Faust G 1972 Increase of certain
serum enzyme levels (GOT, LDH, CPK, MK) after body massage
and its significance in dermatomyositis		 Klinische
Wochenschrift		 Mar 15;50(6) 332-333 German Medical Research Serum Enzyme Levels (GOT, LDH, CPK, MK) (Post Full Body Massage)         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5036672 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
277 Botting D 1997 Review of literature on the effectiveness
of reflexology. [Review] [45 refs]		 Complementary Therapies in
Nursing & Midwifery		 Oct;3(5) 123-130   Review Review Reflexology Review Review, Tutorial Public interest in complementary therapies continues to grow and many nurses and midwives are incorporating complementary therapies such as reflexology, aromatherapy and massage into their clinical practice. However, there are concerns regarding the use of such therapies when their effectiveness has not been clearly demonstrated. This article is a review of the literature relating to the effectiveness of reflexology. Anecdotal evidence is described and concerns relating to the literature's reliance on personal beliefs and experiences are presented. The need for research evidence to demonstrate effectiveness is highlighted. A critical review of published research studies is presented which focuses in particular on methodological issues such as the use of the randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of complementary therapies such as reflexology.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9432433 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Glamorgan, Wales. MEDLINE Y                                                                            
278 A Botting DA, Cook R. 2000 Complementary medicine: knowledge, use and attitudes of doctors   Feb;6(1) 41-7   Review Complementary Medicine A Review
   The recent growth in interest in the use of complementary medicine by the general public has been well reported. Health professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, are incorporating the use of complementary therapies into their practice. The medical profession is involved in the political processes affecting legislation governing complementary medicine and it is therefore important to determine the views of doctors when considering the use of complementary therapies by nurses within the health-care system. A critical review of published research studies which consider the knowledge, use and attitudes of doctors to complementary medicine is presented.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 11033653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
278 B Botting DA, Cook R. 2000 Complementary medicine: knowledge, use and attitudes of doctors   Feb;6(1) 41-7   Review Complementary Medicine B (CONTINUED) Review
   (CONTINUED) These studies suggest doctors' interest in complementary medicine but they also raise a number of concerns including lack of evidence to demonstrate effectiveness, possible harmful effects, inadequate knowledge of doctors and lack of statutory regulation for most therapies. Recommendations of recent reports are outlined which attempt to address these and other issues.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 11033653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK
 School of Care Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, UK B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
279 Bourgeois M 1928 Massage in treatment of seborrhea
capitis and baldness		 Archiv fur Dermatologie und
Syphilis		 155 308-311 German Disease Seborrhea
Capitis and Baldness		         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
280 Bowie RA 1999 Acupressure and prevention of nausea
and vomiting. [letter; comment]		 British Journal of Anaesthesia 83 542   Miscellaneous Acupressure Nausea Comment
Letter Full Text   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10655948 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y Full Text                                                                          
281 Harmon D, Gardiner J, Harrison R, Kelly A. 1999 Acupressure and the prevention of nausea and vomitting after laparoscopy British Journal of Anaesthesia 82 387-90   Technique Acupressure Nausea Laparoscopy Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial The efficacy of currently available antiemetics remains poor. Concern with their side effects and the high cost of the newer drugs has led to renewed interest in non-pharmacological methods of treatment. We have studied the efficacy of acupressure at the P6 point in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopy, in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study of acupressure vs placebo. We studied 104 patients undergoing laparoscopy and dye investigation. The anaesthetic technique and postoperative analgesia were standardized. Failure of treatment was defined as the occurrence of nausea and/or vomiting within the first 24 h after anaesthesia. The use of acupressure reduced the incidence of nausea or vomiting from 42% to 19% compared with placebo, with an adjusted risk ratio of 0.24 (95% CI 0.08-0.62; P = 0.005). Other variables were similar between groups.   PubMed (PMID: 10434821 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ) Department of Anaesthesia, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. MEDLINE Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
282 Box D 1985 Clinical. Putting on the pressure Nursing
Mirror		 May 22;160(21) 28-29   Technique Acupressure         AMTA Foundation Research Database (PMID: 2987888 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
283 Rankin-Box D. 1997 Therapies in practice: a survey assessing nurses' use of complementary
therapies		 Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery 3(4) 97-9   Miscellaneous Complementary Therapies     FULL TEXT   AMTA Foundation Research Database     Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
284 Rankin-Box D. 2004 The last decade--complementary therapies in nursing and midwifery. The first decade--complementary therapies in clinical practice Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Nov;10(4) 205-8   Miscellaneous Complementary Therapies         PubMed (PMID: 15519937 [PubMed - in process])     N                                                                            
285 Stevensen C, Rankin-Box D.
 1999 Lay perspectives of complementary medicine Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Jun;5(3) 75-6   Miscellaneous Complementary Therapies     Whilst a tiny snapshot, it is clear that lay interpretations of complementary medicine vary considerably. You may wish to try this exercise to explore peoples' perceptions of this form of medicine and we would welcome responses to these questions. When practising CM it is easy to assume others share our health care perceptions and this may not always be the case.   PubMed (PMID: 10754822 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Centre for Complementary Medicine, De Montfort University, Cheshire, UK. MEDLINE Y                                                                            
286 Rankin-Box D. 1995 The development of a diploma in complementary medicine Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Feb;1(1) 10-Aug   Miscellaneous Diploma in Complementary Medicine     This paper describes the rationale for the development of a Diploma in Complementary Medicine, validated by the University of London and offered by The Centre for Complementary Medicine North West, School of Nursing and Health Studies, Stockport College of Higher and Further Education. The Diploma in Complementary Medicine is in part a considered response to the recent BMA (1993) report evaluating the current status of complementary medicine in the UK and recommendations for training proposed by the RCN (RCN CTINSIG 1993, 1994). The course team perceived and identified a need for a common theoretical framework, validated at University level, to set precedent for the development of educational standards in the field of complementary therapies. It is suggested that in order to facilitate the development of competent clinical practitioners it is necessary to establish a common educational foundation from which to develop practice skills.   PubMed (PMID: 9456700 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 Centre for Complementary Medicine North West, Stockport College of Further and Higher Education, UK. MEDLINE Y                                                                            
287 A Rankin-Box D.
 1997 Therapies in practice: a survey assessing nurses' use of complementary therapies Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Aug;3(4) 92-9   Miscellaneous Complementary Medicine Nurses Use A     This paper reports the findings of an informal survey to assess nurses' use of complementary therapies within the health care setting. Increasing interest amongst the general public and health care professionals appears to have resulted in an assumption that there is currently widespread use of therapies such as massage, homoeopathy, aromatherapy, reflexology and acupuncture within the health care setting. However, to date there have been no national research studies undertaken to substantiate this assumption. This study attempted to identify the range of practices and magnitude of use by nurses who are members of the Royal College of Nursing Complementary Therapy Forum (RCNCTF) UK. A convenience sample was used and a semi-structured questionnaire was inserted into the group's bi-annual newsletter and sent to all members of the RCNCTF (n = 1662). A total of 178 subjects completed and returned the questionnaire, representing a 9.3% response rate.   PubMed (PMID: 9439258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 De Montfort University, Cheshire, UK A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
287 B Rankin-Box D.
 1997 Therapies in practice: a survey assessing nurses' use of complementary therapies Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Aug;3(4) 92-9   Miscellaneous Complementary Medicine Nurses Use B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Given the informal nature of this survey, and the fact that it was an insert in a newsletter, a relatively low response was anticipated. Contrary to expectation, findings indicated that the majority of respondents were aged between 41 and 50 years. The six principal therapies practised were (in order of use) massage, aromatherapy, reflexology, relaxation, visualization and acupuncture. The three most common areas of practice, both in the NHS and private sector, were in the community, palliative care and oncology. Findings also indicated that complementary therapies were more commonly practised in the private sector as part of formal working practice. This was in contrast to nurses working in the NHS, where complementary therapies appeared to form less than 20% of their formal nursing care and respondents indicated that, when used, it was often in addition to daily nursing care. Results indicate that nurses are practising complementary therapies less than has been assumed.   PubMed (PMID: 9439258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 De Montfort University, Cheshire, UK B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
287 C Rankin-Box D.
 1997 Therapies in practice: a survey assessing nurses' use of complementary therapies Complement Ther Nurs Midwifery Aug;3(4) 92-9   Miscellaneous Complementary Medicine Nurses Use C (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Those therapies commonly practised form a broader mantle than therapies commonly presented as the primary therapies in complementary medicine, namely homoeopathy, acupuncture, herbalism, chiropractic and osteopathy. This survey represents a single snapshot of nurses' use of complementary therapies. The convenience sample focused upon a self-selected group of people who were members of the RCNCTF and this has to be borne in mind when considering the results. The intention is to report the findings and no attempt is made to generalize upon the results. However, there is clearly a need to identify national utilization of complementary therapies within the health care sector.   PubMed (PMID: 9439258 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) De Montfort University, Cheshire, UK C (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
288 A Rankin-Box DF.
 1996 Is there a place for complementary therapies in the accident and emergency department?
 Accid Emerg Nurs Jul;4(3) 160-4   Miscellaneous Complementary Therapies ER Use A Review Review, Tutorial This paper addresses the potential for complementary therapies in the Accident and Emergency (A & E) department. It is suggested that whilst there are a number of therapies which may be efficacious in emergency settings, nurses need to consider the broader implications of their use in the A & E department. The organisational context of the A & E department and the nature of such acute work means that complementary therapies will probably be used as therapeutic techniques rather than discrete therapeutic entities. It is suggested that this approach is not dissimilar to the use of complementary therapies in other nursing specialities.   PubMed (PMID: 8920402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
288 B Rankin-Box DF.
 1996 Is there a place for complementary therapies in the accident and emergency department?
 Accid Emerg Nurs Jul;4(3) 160-4   Miscellaneous Complementary Therapies ER Use B (CONTINUED) Review Review, Tutorial (CONTINUED) The use of complementary therapies as techniques enhancing therapeutic care may, in the short term, be beneficial, however nurses need to reflect and reappraise what it is they are actually doing and the extent to which they can reconcile two apparently opposite paradigms of health care. The use of complementary therapy techniques have considerable potential in the care of clients attending A & E departments and examples of therapies and conditions for which it could be used are given   PubMed (PMID: 8920402 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
289 Bozhko OL 1978 Therapeutic physical exercise and
massage in the treatment of obstetric paralysis of the arm		 Voprosy Okhrany Materinstva i Detstva 23 24-25 Russian Disease Obstetric Paralsis Arm         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 676190 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   Healthstar N                                                                            
290 Bray R 1999 Massage: exploring the benefits Elderly
Care		 Jul-Aug;11(5) 15-16   Miscellaneous Massage Benefits         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10614279 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
291 Brendler R 1953 Massage therapy of rosacea Der Hautarzt Dec;4(12) 565-567 German Disease Rosacea         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 13128575 [PubMed - OLDMEDLINE for Pre1966])   Index Medicus MEDLINE (OLD) N                                                                            
292 Brismar K 1991 Is foot massage bath good or bad?
Advice to your diabetic patient		 Lakartidningen May 15;88(20) 1866 Swedish Disease Diabetes         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2051855 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
293 Brock W 1932 Vibration massage during fixation
therapy of fractures		 Deutsche Medizinische
Wochenschrift		 58 1485 German Orthopedic Fractures         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
294 Brocx D 1931 Value of massage and medical gymnastics Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde 75 2052-2059 Dutch Technique Massage & Medical Gymnastics         AMTA Foundation Research Database   Index Medicus                                                                              
295 Bronstein M 1996 Healing hands Canadian Nurse Jan;92(1) 32-36   Technique Therapeutic Touch     In a world of expensive treatments and high technology, human touch is a valuable therapeutic intervention with dramatic implications. In 1972, Dr. Dolores Krieger and Dora Kunz, both RNs, began developing therapeutic touch as a healing modality specifically designed for health professionals. Since that time, interest has grown so much that therapeutic touch is now taught in more than 80 colleges and universities in the United States and in more than 70 foreign countries, especially in schools of nursing.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8920552 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
296 Brooker DJ, Snape M, Johnson E, Ward D, Payne M 1997 Single case evaluation of the effects of aromatherapy
and massage on disturbed behaviour in severe dementia		 British
Journal of Clinical Psychology		 May;36 ( Pt 2) 287-296   Technique Aromatherapy
and Massage		 Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Aromatherapy and massage could provide a useful addition to psychological therapeutic interventions with clients suffering from dementia. The effects of aromatherapy and massage on disturbed behaviour in four individuals with severe dementia were evaluated using a single-case research design. Each participant received 10 treatment sessions of aromatherapy, aromatherapy and massage combined, and massage alone. The effects on each individual's behaviour in the hour following treatment were assessed against 10 'no treatment' control sessions. Reliable individualized disturbed behaviour scales were designed. The effects of the treatments were mixed. The opinion of the staff providing treatment was that all participants benefited. On close scrutiny, only one of the participants benefited from the aromatherapy and massage to a degree that reached statistical significance. In two of the cases aromatherapy and massage led to an increase in agitated behaviour. The importance of the single case study approach with this client group is discussed.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 9167869 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])
 South Birmingham Mental Health (NHS) Trust, UK. Healthstar Y                                                                            
297 Brown AM 1970 Physical medicine in athletic
rehabilitation		 Maryland State Medical Journal Aug;19(8) 61-64   Technique Physical Medicine Athletic Rehab         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 5523331 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
298 Brown C 1995 Alternative medicine comes to the OR Medical Economics Sep 11;72(17) 207-209   Miscellaneous Alternative Medicine OR         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10172425 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
299 Browse NL 1986 The diagnosis and management of
primary lymphedema		 Journal of Vascular Surgery Jan;3(1) 181-184   Disease Lymphedema     Although the clinical features of lymphedema are often distinctive, it is essential to confirm the diagnosis with an objective test. Isotope lymphography is simple and 95% accurate for defining deficient lymph clearance. It is particularly useful for separating venous from lymphatic edema. Definition of the precise abnormality--peripheral lymphatic obliteration, proximal lymph node obstruction, or valvular incompetence--can only be made with lymphangiography. The mainstay of treatment is the reduction of edema by regular elevation and massage and external compression with elastic stockings. Pneumatic leggings are also helpful. Gross edema caused by peripheral obliteration may be reduced surgically by simple excision (Homans' operation) or complete excision and skin grafting (Charles' operation). Reflux through incompetent vessels may be prevented by vessel ligation. Obstruction by the iliac lymph nodes may be bypassed with an enteromesenteric pedicle.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 3510325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
300 Bruce DG, Golding JF, Hockenhull N, Pethybridge RJ 1990 Acupressure and motion sickness Aviation Space &
Environmental Medicine		 Apr;61(4) 361-365   Disease Motion Sickness Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial The effectiveness of the "Sea Band" acupressure band compared with placebo and hyoscine (0.6 mg), also known as scopolamine, to increase tolerance to a laboratory nauseogenic cross-coupled motion challenge was assessed using 18 subjects. The results showed that the subjects had a significant increase in tolerance with hyoscine but had no increase in tolerance with the "Sea Band" or placebo. Possible reasons for the failure to show any significant protection from the use of these acupressure bands are insufficient movement of the wrist to provide continuous stimulation, and/or the likelihood that only a minority of the population would show non-negligible benefit as experience with medical acupressure would suggest. The application of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may be worthy of study.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 2339974 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Institute of Naval Medicine, Gosport, Hants, England. MEDLINE Y                                                                            
301 Bryant JP 1996 Therapeutic touch in home healthcare:
one nurse's experience		 Home Healthcare Nurse Aug;14(8) 580-586   Technique Therapeutic Touch Case Reports   Therapeutic touch is an alternative healing modality that is gaining acceptance. Home healthcare nurses have a unique opportunity to use this nursing intervention in their practice while working in the comfort of the patient's environment. A nurse who not only uses this healing modality in her home care practice, but who now also has her own therapeutic touch private practice, describes how it has affected her patients' and her own well-being.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 8949197 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
302 Kellgren JH 1938 Observations on referred pain arising from muscle Clin Sci 3 175-190   Medical Research Pain Referal Patterns Post Saline Muscular Injection     Kellgren injected 0.1-0.3 ml of 6% hypertonic saline solution into muscle tissue and found that pain was referred distally from the original injection site. Kellgren injected the fascial epimysium of the gluteus medius muscle with 0.1 ml of 6% saline solution which referred pain several centimeters distally. The tendon of the tibiallis anterior, similarly injected, referred pain to the medial aspect of the ankle and instep.         Y                                                                            
303 Kellgren JH 1938 A preliminary account of referred pains arising from muscle Br Med J 1 325-327   Medical Research Pain Referal Patterns in Muscule  reproduced with presure & abolished with procaine injection     Kellgren also found that pressure to sensitive areas of the muscle tissue in patients with "fibrositis" (Myofacial Trigger Points) reproduced the patients reported pain symptoms. After Kellgren identified the pain patterns created by these injections he identified in reverse these problem areas based solely on patient complaints. The spot tenderness was often remote from the patients reported pain and the area around that point was not painful to the patient. When that spot was injected with procaine, the patients reported pain was relieved.         Y                                                                            
304 Kellgren JH 1949 Deep pain sensibility Lancet 1 943-949   Medical Research Pain Referal Patterns Post Saline Periosteum Injection     Kellgren injected hypertonic saline into the periosteum producing painful referred symptoms.         Y                                                                            
305 Popelianskii la Iu, Zaslavskii ES, Veselovskii VP 1976 Medicosocial significance, etiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of nonarticular disease of soft tissues of the limbs and back Vopr Revm 3 38-43 Russian Medical Research Trigger Points Impaired Local Circulation     Popelianskii, et al. measured the rate at which radioactive NaI was eliminated from tissue in the clinically affected area. They reported a distinct prolongation of the resorption rate of the isotope, which they interpreted as due to impaired local circulation.         Y                                                                            
306 Simons DG, Travell JG.
 1983 Myofascial origins of low back pain. 2. Torso muscles Postgrad Med. Feb;73(2) 81-92   Technique Trigger Points Examination & Refferal Patterns Low Back Pain     Trigger points (TPs) in muscles of the lower torso associated with the spine are an important cause of low back pain. The quadratus lumborum is the muscle most commonly involved, but TPs located there are often overlooked because of inadequate physical examination techniques. TPs in the lower rectus abdominis refer pain horizontally across the low back, and those in the iliopsoas refer pain in a vertical pattern, parallel to the lumbosacral spine. The pain pattern of TPs in the serratus posterior inferior is noted in the region of the muscle itself.   PubMed (PMID: 6218490 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
)		   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
307 Simons DG, Travell JG.
 1983 Myofascial origins of low back pain. 3. Pelvic and lower extremity muscles Postgrad Med. Feb;73(2) 99-105, 108   Technique Trigger Points Examination & Refferal Patterns Low Back Pain     Gluteal, pelvic, and lower extremity muscles are common sites of origin of myofascial low back pain. Trigger points (TPs) in the gluteus maximus and medius muscles refer pain locally to the gluteal and sacral regions, while those in the gluteus minimus are likely to refer pain down the lower extremity as far as the ankle on the same side. TPs in intrapelvic muscles refer pain chiefly to the pelvic region. Besides producing referred myofascial pain, TPs in the piriformis muscle can cause symptoms of entrapment of the peroneal portion or all of the sciatic nerve. TPs in the soleus muscle may refer pain to the sacroiliac joint.   PubMed (PMID: 6823467 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
308 Simons DG, Travell JG. 1983 Myofascial origins of low back pain. 1. Principles of diagnosis and treatment Postgrad Med. Feb;73(2) 66, 68-70, 73 passim   Technique Trigger Points Examination & Refferal Patterns Low Back Pain     Myofascial trigger points (TPs) are frequently overlooked sources of acute and chronic low back pain. An active myofascial TP is suspected by its focal tenderness to palpation and by restricted stretch range of motion. The restricted lengthening of the muscle is due to the tense band of muscle fibers in which the TP is located. The presence of a TP is confirmed by a local twitch response and by reproduction of its known pattern of referred pain, which matches the distribution of the patient's pain. Only an active TP causes a clinical pain complaint; a latent TP does not. The pain can be relieved by the stretch-and-spray procedure, ischemic compression, or precise injection of the TP with procaine solution. Relief is usually long lasting only if mechanical and systemic perpetuating factors are corrected.   PubMed (PMID: 6218489 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
309 A Travell J.
 1981 Identification of myofascial trigger point syndromes: a case of atypical facial neuralgia Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar;62(3) 100-6   Technique Trigger Points Examination & Refferal Patterns Atypical Facial Neuralgia A Case Reports   Myofascial trigger points (TPs) in a muscle are usually activated by acute or chronic overload of the muscle. They are identified by objective and subjective findings. Objective signs include a palpably firm, tense band in the muscle, production of a local twitch response, restricted stretch range-of-motion, weakness without atrophy, and no neurologic deficit. Subjectively, the patient reports stiffness and easy fatigability, spontaneous pain in a distribution predictable for that TP, an exquisite deep tenderness specifically at the TP. Sustained pressure on the TP induces referred pain in the predicted pattern. Some muscles are likely to produce additional objective and subjective autonomic concomitants. Laboratory and radiographic findings are negative. The affected muscle is treated by passive stretch while a jet stream of vapocoolant spray is applied over it, or by injection of the TP with a local anesthetic.   PubMed (PMID: 7235893 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
309 B Travell J.
 1981 Identification of myofascial trigger point syndromes: a case of atypical facial neuralgia Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Mar;62(3) 100-6   Technique Trigger Points Examination & Refferal Patterns Atypical Facial Neuralgia B (CONTINUED) Case Reports   (CONTINUED) A case report describes in detail the treatment of a patient who, for 13 years, had suffered from a medically enigmatic, intense right facial pain with severe dysfunction and who is now pain-free, with a full schedule of unrestricted activities 23 years later.   PubMed (PMID: 7235893 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE Y                                                                            
310 A Brygge T, Heinig JH, Collins P, Ronborg S, Gehrchen PM,
Hilden J, Heegaard S, Poulsen LK		 2001 Reflexology and
bronchial asthma		 Respiratory Medicine Mar;95(3) 173-179   Technique Refexology Bronchial Asthma A Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial Many asthma patients seek alternative or adjunctive therapies. One such modality is reflexology, whereby finger pressure is applied to certain parts of the body. The aim of the study was to examine the popular claim that reflexology treatment benefits bronchial asthma. Ten weeks of active or simulated (placebo) reflexology given by an experienced reflexologist, were compared in an otherwise blind, controlled trial of 20+20 outpatients with asthma. Objective lung function tests (peak flow morning and evening, and weekly spirometry at the clinic) did not change. Subjective scores (describing symptoms, beta2-inhalations and quality of life) and also bronchial sensitivity to histamine improved on both regimens, but no differences were found between groups receiving active or placebo reflexology. However, a trend in favour of reflexology became significant when a supplementary analysis of symptom diaries was carried out.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 11266233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Allergy Unit National University Hospital, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. thorbrygge@dadlnet.dk A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
310 B Brygge T, Heinig JH, Collins P, Ronborg S, Gehrchen PM,
Hilden J, Heegaard S, Poulsen LK		 2001 Reflexology and
bronchial asthma		 Respiratory Medicine Mar;95(3) 173-179   Technique Refexology Bronchial Asthma B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial (CONTINUED) It was accompanied by a significant pattern compatible with subconscious unblinding, in that patients tended to guess which treatment they had been receiving. No evidence was found that reflexology has a specific effect on asthma beyond placebo influence.   AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 11266233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Allergy Unit National University Hospital, National University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. thorbrygge@dadlnet.dk B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
311 Buchholz M 1999 Baby massage--because contact is so
important during the first few months		 Kinderkrankenschwester Jan;18(1) 20-22 German Infants Baby Massage         AMTA Foundation Research Database PubMed (PMID: 10426049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE])   MEDLINE N                                                                            
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313 A César Fernández de las Peñas, Mónica Sohrbeck Campo, Josué Fernández Carnero and Juan Carlos Miangolarra Page 2005 Manual therapies in myofascial trigger point treatment: a systematic review Journal of Bodywork annd Movement Therapies Jan Volume 9, Issue 1 27-34   Review Trigger Point Therapy A     Background and purpose: Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is thought by some authors the main cause of headache and neck pain. MPS is characterized by Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs). However, there are not many controlled studies that have analyzed the effects of the manual therapies in their treatment. The aim of this systematic review is to establish whether manual therapies have specific efficacy in the management of MPS, based on published studies. Methods: Data sources: PubMed (from 1975), Ovid MEDLINE (from 1975), Ovid EMBASE (from 1975), the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, AMED (Alternative Medicine), Science Direct and PEDRO (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), databases were used to the searches. Study selection: Clinical or Controlled trials in which some form of manual therapy treatment was used to treat MTrPs. Data extraction: Two blinded reviewers independently extracted data concerning trial methods, quality and outcomes. Y Science Direct Teaching and Research Unit of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain Received 24 September 2003;  Revised 20 November 2003;  accepted 26 November 2003.  Available online 11 September Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-91-488-88-84; fax: +34-91-488-88-31 2004 A Science Direct Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
313 B César Fernández de las Peñas, Mónica Sohrbeck Campo, Josué Fernández Carnero and Juan Carlos Miangolarra Page 2005 Manual therapies in myofascial trigger point treatment: a systematic review Journal of Bodywork annd Movement Therapies Jan Volume 9, Issue 1 27-34   Review Trigger Point Therapy B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Quality assessment: Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDRO) quality score method was used in this review. Results: Data synthesis. 7 studies were included in this review. One manual therapy treatment was investigated in 4 studies (one of them included a group treated with manual therapy combined with other physical medicine modalities); a combination of various manual therapies was investigated in 2 studies, and manual therapy combined with other physical medicine modality was investigated in 2 trials. Quality of the included studies: Two papers obtained 6 points, another two scored 5 points, one scored 3 points, one scored 2 point and the remaining one scored 1 point. Discussion: Results did not produce any rigorous evidence that some manual therapies have an effect beyond placebo in treatment of MPS. Some of the studies reviewed confirmed that MTrP treatment is effective in reducing the pressure pain threshold, and scores on visual analogue scales.   Science Direct Teaching and Research Unit of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain Received 24 September 2003;  Revised 20 November 2003;  accepted 26 November 2003.  Available online 11 September 2004 Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-91-488-88-84; fax: +34-91-488-88-31 B (CONTINUED) Science Direct Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
313 C César Fernández de las Peñas, Mónica Sohrbeck Campo, Josué Fernández Carnero and Juan Carlos Miangolarra Page 2005 Manual therapies in myofascial trigger point treatment: a systematic review Journal of Bodywork annd Movement Therapies Jan Volume 9, Issue 1 27-34   Review Trigger Point Therapy C (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) Pressure pain threshold and visual analogue scale were the outcome measures most used in the analyzed studies. MPS is characterized by restricted range of motion (ROM), which suggests the need to include ROM measurements in future studies. Conclusions: The principal conclusion of this review is that there have been very few randomized controlled trials that analyse treatment of MPS using manual therapy. The second conclusion is that the hypothesis that manual therapies have specific efficacy, beyond placebo, in the management of MPS is neither supported nor refuted by research to date. Controlled trials are needed to investigate whether manual therapy has an effect beyond placebo on MTrP management. Author Keywords: Myofascial pain; Myofascial trigger points; Pressure pain threshold; Systematic review   Science Direct Teaching and Research Unit of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avenida de Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain Received 24 September 2003;  Revised 20 November 2003;  accepted 26 November 2003.  Available online 11 September 2004 Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-91-488-88-84; fax: +34-91-488-88-31 C (CONTINUED) Science Direct Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
314 A Georgoudis G, Oldham JA, Watson PJ. 2001 Reliability and sensitivity measures of the Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire Eur J Pain 5(2) 109-18   Miscellaneous Pain Rating Scales Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire A Clinical Trial   The translation of existing healthcare measurement scales is considered a feasible, efficient and popular approach to produce internationally comparable measures. The short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire is one of the most widely used and translated instruments to measure the pain experience. The Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (GR-SFMPQ) has recently been developed and demonstrated satisfactory levels of internal consistency.The objective of the present study was to assess the instrument's reliability and sensitivity.Eighty patients with spinal or knee pain were included. The test-retest reliability of the instrument was estimated for measurements within the same day and after 15 days. The sensitivity of the measure was examined before and after the application of a physiotherapy therapeutic regime.The correlation coefficients (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient and Spearman's)   PubMed (PMID: 11465976 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Centre for Rehabilitation Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. gg@hol.gr A MEDLINE Y                                                                            
314 B Georgoudis G, Oldham JA, Watson PJ. 2001 Reliability and sensitivity measures of the Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire Eur J Pain 5(2) 109-18   Miscellaneous Pain Rating Scales Greek version of the short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire B (CONTINUED) Clinical Trial   (CONTINUED) ranged from 0.87-0.98 for within-day measurements and from 0.70-0.92 for administrations between days. All indexes of the GR-SFMPQ (total score, sensory and affective scores, total count of used words, visual analogue score, present pain index) managed consistently to detect the changes in pain experienced (p<0.05), after a therapeutic intervention, when assessing for the sensitivity of the questionnaire. An explorative discriminant analysis of the GR-SFMPQ indexes managed to correctly classify up to 85% of the patients; a classification rate comparable to the full version MPQ rating capacity.It can be argued from the results of this study that the Greek version of the SFMPQ fulfils the criteria of reliability and sensitivity to fluctuations of pain and can be utilized with confidence in cross-cultural comparative research trials. Copyright 2001 European Federation of Chapter of the International Association for the Study of Pain Copyright 2001 European Federation of Chapters of the International Association for the Study of Pain.   PubMed (PMID: 11465976 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Centre for Rehabilitation Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. gg@hol.gr  B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y                                                                            
315 A Melzack, R. 1987 The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire Pain Aug;30(2) 191-7   Miscellaneous Pain Rating Scales McGill A     A short form of the McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ) has been developed. The main component of the SF-MPQ consists of 15 descriptors (11 sensory; 4 affective) which are rated on an intensity scale as 0 = none, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate or 3 = severe. Three pain scores are derived from the sum of the intensity rank values of the words chosen for sensory, affective and total descriptors. The SF-MPQ also includes the Present Pain Intensity (PPI) index of the standard MPQ and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The SF-MPQ scores obtained from patients in post-surgical and obstetrical wards and physiotherapy and dental departments were compared to the scores obtained with the standard MPQ. The correlations were consistently high and significant. The SF-MPQ was also shown to be sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate differences due to treatment at statistical levels comparable to those obtained with the standard form.   PubMed (PMID: 3670870 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada MEDLINE Y                                                                            
315 B Melzack R. 1987 The short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire Pain Aug;30(2) 191-7   Miscellaneous Pain Rating Scales McGill B (CONTINUED)     (CONTINUED) The SF-MPQ shows promise as a useful tool in situations in which the standard MPQ takes too long to administer, yet qualitative information is desired and the PPI and VAS are inadequate.   PubMed (PMID: 3670870 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada MEDLINE Y                                                                            
316 A Melzack R. 2001 Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain  J Dent Educ. Dec;65(12) 1378-82   Miscellaneous Pain A     The neuromatrix theory of pain proposes that pain is a multidimensional experience produced by characteristic "neurosignature" patterns of nerve impulses generated by a widely distributed neural network-the "body-self neuromatrix"-in the brain. These neurosignature patterns may be triggered by sensory inputs, but they may also be generated independently of them. Acute pains evoked by brief noxious inputs have been meticulously investigated by neuroscientists, and their sensory transmission mechanisms are generally well understood. In contrast, chronic pain syndromes, which are often characterized by severe pain associated with little or no discernible injury or pathology, remain a mystery. Furthermore, chronic psychological or physical stress is often associated with chronic pain, but the relationship is poorly understood. The neuromatrix theory of pain provides a new conceptual framework to examine these problems.   PubMed (PMID: 11780656 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. rmelzack@ego.psych.mcgill.ca A MEDLINE Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
316 B Melzack R. 2001 Pain and the neuromatrix in the brain  J Dent Educ. Dec;65(12) 1378-82   Miscellaneous Pain B (CONTINUED)     It proposes that the output patterns of the body-self neuromatrix activate perceptual, homeostatic, and behavioral programs after injury, pathology, or chronic stress. Pain, then, is produced by the output of a widely distributed neural network in the brain rather than directly by sensory input evoked by injury, inflammation, or other pathology. The neuromatrix, which is genetically determined and modified by sensory experience, is the primary mechanism that generates the neural pattern that produces pain. Its output pattern is determined by multiple influences, of which the somatic sensory input is only a part, that converge on the neuromatrix.   PubMed (PMID: 11780656 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]) Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. rmelzack@ego.psych.mcgill.ca B (CONTINUED) MEDLINE Y FULL TEXT                                                                          
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383                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
384                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
385                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
386                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
387                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
388                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
389                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
390                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
391                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
392                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
393                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
394                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
395                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
396                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
397                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
398                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
399                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
400                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
401                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
402                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
403                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
404                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
405+                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
406                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
407                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
408                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
409                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
410                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
411                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
412                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
413                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
414                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
415                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
416                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
417                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
418                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
419                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
420                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
421                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
422                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
###                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
424                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
425                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
426                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
427                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
428                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
429                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
430                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
431                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
432                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
433                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
434                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
435                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
436                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
437                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
438                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
439                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
440                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
441                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
442                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
443                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
444                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
445                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
446                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
447                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
448                           AMTA Foundation Research Database                                                                                  
449                           AMTA Foundation Research Database