| RESEARCH ARTICLES | Independent Variables | Population | Dependent Variables | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| # | Authors | Year | Article Title | Publication | Edition Volume | Page(s) | Language (Other) | Category | Subject | Publication Type #1 | Publication Type #2 | Summary | Library | Institution | Author Institution | Database | Online Abstract Variables Defined | Full Text FREE (WEB) | Full Text PAY (WEB) | Treatment | Frequency | Patient Group | Emotion # 1 | Emotion # 2 | Emotion # 3 | Sensory # 1 | Sensory # 2 | Lab # 1 | Lab # 2 | Lab # 3 | Lab # 4 | Neurological #1 | Behavior # 1 | Behavior # 2 | Behavior # 3 | Behavior # 4 | Task/Test # 1 | Task/Test # 2 | Psych/Soc # 1 | Psych/Soc # 2 | Psych/Soc # 3 | Ortho # 1 | Ortho # 2 | Ortho # 3 | Cardi/Pulm # 1 | Cardi/Pulm # 2 | Gastro/Intest # 1 | Risk # 1 | Risk #2 | Risk #3 | ADL # 1 | ADL # 2 | Measurments # 1 | Measurments # 2 | Measurments # 3 | ||
| 1 | Diego, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, J., Rothe, E., Castellanos, D., & Mesner, L. | 2002 | Aggressive adolescents benefit from massage therapy | Adolescence | 37 | 597-607 | Behavior | Aggressive Adolescents | Following a month of 2 chair massages per week the adolescents became less aggressive. | Touch Research Institue (TRI) | Touch Research Institue (TRI) University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Chair Massage | Month=2x/wk=8 Visits | Children=Adolescents | Aggression | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Field, T. | 1999 | American adolescents touch each other less and are more aggressive toward their peers as compared with French adolescents | Adolescence | 34 | 753-758 | Behavior | Aggressive Adolescents | Touching peers during conversations in McDonalds Restaurants occurred more frequently in Paris than in Miami. In contrast, self-touching and aggressive behavior occurred more frequently among adolescent peers in Miami than in Paris. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation=Touching Peers | Children=Adolescents | Aggression | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Hart, S., Field, T. Hernandez-Reif, M., Nearing, G., Shaw, S., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 2001 | Anorexia symptoms are reduced by massage therapy | Eating Disorders | 9 | 289-299 | Behavior | Anorexia | Massage therapy reduced anxiety, depressed mood and salivary cortisol (stress hormone) levels and resulted in decreased body dissatisfaction associated with anorexia. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Anxiety | Depression | Cortisol (Salivary) | Body Image | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Diego, M.A., Jones, N.A., Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. | 1998 | Aromatherapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG patterns associated with positive mood and alertness | International Journal of Neuroscience | 96 | 217-224 | Technique | Aromatherapy | Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender | Adults | Anxiety | Depression | Frontal Alpha & Beta Power | Math Performance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Sanders,C., Diego, M., Fernandez, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., and Roca, A. | 2002 | EEG asymmetry responses to lavender and rosemary aromas in adults and infants | International Journal of Neuroscience | 112 | 1305-1320 | Technique | Aromatherapy | Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender | Adults | Anxiety | Depression | Frontal Alpha & Beta Power | Math Performance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | Fernandez,M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Sanders, C., Diego, M., and Roca, A. | 2004 | EEG during lavender and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed and non-depressed mothers | Infant Behavior and Development | 27 | 91-100 | Technique | Aromatherapy | Adults exposed to rosemary showed decreased frontal alpha and beta power, suggesting increased alertness. They also had lower anxiety levels and performed math computations faster. Adults exposed to lavender showed increased beta power, suggesting increased relaxation. They performed math computations not only faster but also with fewer errors and had less depressed mood | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender | Adults | Anxiety | Depression | Frontal Alpha & Beta Power | Math Performance | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Seligman, S., Krasnegor, J., Sunshine, W., Rivas-Chacon, R., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 1997 | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: benefits from massage therapy | Journal of Pediatric Psychology | 22 | 607-617 | Disease | Arthritis | Studies children with mild to moderate juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who were massage by their parents 15 minutes a day for 30 days (and a control group engaged in relaxation therapy). The children's anxiety and stess hormone (cortisol) levels were immediately decreased by the massage, and over the 30-day period their pain decreased on self-reports, parent reports, and their physician's assessment of pain (both the incidence and severity) and pain-limiting activities. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=(Parents) Relaxation Therapy | Month=15min/dy=30dys=30 Visits | Children | Anxiety | Pain (Self Parent Physician ADL Reports) | Cortisol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | Field, T., Henteleff, T., Hernandez-Reif M., Martinez, E., Mavunda, K., Kuhn C., & Schanberg S. | 1998 | Children with asthma have improved pulmonary functions after massage therapy | Journal of Pediatrics | 132 | 854-858 | Disease | Asthma | This study showed positive effects of parents massaging their asthmatic children including increased peak air flow, improved pulmonary functions, less anxiety and reduced stress hormone (cortisol) in the children. Parental anxiety also decreased. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage Relaxation Therapy | Children | Anxiety | Parental Anxiety (Parents) | Cortisol | Peak Air Flow | Pulmonary Functions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., & Thimas, E. | 2001 | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: benefits from Tai Chi | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | 5 | 120-123 | Behavior | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Adolescents with ADHD displayed less anxiety, daydreaming behaviors, inappropriate emotions and hyperactivity and their conduct improved after participating in Tai Chi classes. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Tai Chi Classes | Children=Adolescents | Anxiety | Inappropriate Emotions | Daydreaming Behaviours | Hyperactivity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | Field, T., Quintino, O. & Hernandez-Reif, M., & Koslovsky, G. | 1998 | Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder benefit from massage therapy | Adolescence | 33 | 103-108 | Behavior | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Adolescents with ADHD rated
themselves as happier and were observed to fidget less after massage
sessions. Also, teachers rated children receiving massage as less hyperactive
and as spending more time on-task. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Adolescents | Happyness (Self Rating) | On-Task Behavior | Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating) | Fidgetting | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | Abrams, S., Field, T., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (In Review) | ADHD symptoms in children are decreased following massage therapy | Behavior | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Children with ADHD showed more on-task behavior in the classroom and were rated as less hyperactive by their teachers following one month of twice weekly massages. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children | On-Task Behavior | Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | Khilnani, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., and Shanberg, S. | 2004 | Massage therapy improves mood and behavior of students with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder | Adolescence | 152 | 623-638 | Behavior | Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | Children with ADHD showed more on-task behavior in the classroom and were rated as less hyperactive by their teachers following one month of twice weekly massages. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children | On-Task Behavior | Hyperactivity (Teacher Rating) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | Field, T., Lasko, D, Mundy, P., Henteleff, T., Talpins, S., & Dowling, M. | 1997 | Autistic children's attentiveness and responsivity improve after touch therapy. | Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders | 27 | 333-338 | Behavior | Autistic Children | Touch sensitivity, attention to sounds and off-task classroom behavior decreased and relatedness to teachers increased after massage therapy. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Autistic | Off-Task Classroom Behavior | Attention-to-Sounds | Touch Sensitivity | Relatedness-to-Teachers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | Escalona, A., Field, T., Singer-Strunck, R., Cullen, C., & Hartshorn, K. | 2001 | Brief report: improvements in the behavior of children with autism following massage therapy. | Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders | 31 | 513-516 | Behavior | Autistic Children | Children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Autistic | On-Task Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) | Stereotypic Behavior | Social Relatedness Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) | Sleep Problems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | Hartshorn,K., Olds, L., Field, T., Delage, J., Cullen, C. and Escalona, A. | 2001 | Creative movement therapy benefits children with autism | Early Child and Development and Care | 166 | (1-5) | Behavior | Autistic Children | Children in the massage group exhibited less stereotypic behavior and showed more on-task and social relatedness behavior during play observations at school, and they experienced fewer sleep problems at home. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Autistic | On-Task Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) | Stereotypic Behavior | Social Relatedness Behavior (Durning Play Observations at School) | Sleep Problems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, T. | 2001 | Low back pain is reduced and range of motion increased after massage therapy | International Journal of Neuroscience | 106 | 131-145 | Orthopedic | Back Pain | Massage lessened lower back pain, depression and anxiety, and improved sleep. The massage therapy group also showed improved range of motion and their serotonin and dopamine levels were higher. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Anxiety | Depression | Pain (Lower Back) | ROM | Sleep | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | Escalona, A., Field, T., Cullen, C., Hartshorn, K., & Cruz, C. (In Review) | Behavior problem preschool children benefit from massage therapy | Early Child Development and Care | Behavior | Problem Children | Preschool children with behavior
problems who received massage are showed more on-task behavior, less solitary
play, and less aggression. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preschool Behavior Problems | On-Task Behavior | Solitary Play | Aggression | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Ironsor, G., Field, T., Hurley, J., Katz, G., Diego, M., Weiss, S., Fletcher, MA., Shanberg, S and Kuhn, C. | 2003 | Breast cancer patients have improve immune and neuroendocrine function following massage therapy | Journal of Psychosomatic Reseach | 1 | (1-8) | Disease | Cancer (Breast) | Massage therapy reduced anxiety
and depression and improved immune function including increased natural
killer cell number. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Women | Anxiety | Depression | Natural Killer Cell Number | Immune Function | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | Field, T., Shanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Fierro, K., Henteleff, T., Mueller, C., Yando, R. & Burman, I. | 1998 | Bulimic adolescents benefit from massage therapy | Adolescence | 33 | 555-563 | Behavior | Bulimia | Bulimic adolescent girls
received massage therapy 2 times a week for 5 weeks. Effects included an
improved body image, decreased depression and anxiety symptoms, decreased
cortisol levels and increased dopamine and serotonin levels. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=2x/wk=5wks=10 Visits | Children=Adolescent Girls (Bulimic) | Anxiety | Depression | Cortisol | Serotonin | Body Image | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tuchel, T., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. | 1998 | Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 19 | 241-244 | Disease | Burn in Adults | Massage therapy sessions given prior to debridement (skin brushing) decreased depression and anger, and the subjects appeared less anxious during behavior observations and reported less pain. Lower pulse and cortisol suggested lower stress levels. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults | Anxiety (Behavior Observations) | Depression | Anger | Pain | Cortisol | Pulse | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Hart, S., Redzepi, M., Nierenberg, B., & Peck, M. | 2001 | Childrens' distressduring burn treatment is reduced by massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 22 | 191-195 | Disease | Burn in Children | Massage therapy given prior to dressing young children's (mean age = 2.5 years old) severe body burns decreased distress behaviors. Nurses also reported greater ease in completing the dressing change procedure for the children in the massage group. The massage was conducted to body parts that were not affected. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=young | Distress Behaviors | Dressing Ease (Nurses Report) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 22 | Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tucchel, T.,Shanberg, F., Kuhn, C and Burman, I. | 1998 | Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 19 | 241-244 | Disease | Burn Postburn Symptoms | Massage therapy given to burn patients reportedly reduced itching, pain, and anxiety and improved mood immediately after the first and last therapy sessions, and their ratings on these measures improved from the first day to the last day of the study. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Anxiety | Mood | Pain | Itching | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 23 | Field, T., Peck, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Krugman, S., Burman, I., & Ozment-Schenck, L. | 2000 | Postburn itching, pain, and psychological symptoms are reduced with massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation | 21 | 189-193 | Disease | Burn Postburn Symptoms | Massage therapy given to burn patients reportedly reduced itching, pain, and anxiety and improved mood immediately after the first and last therapy sessions, and their ratings on these measures improved from the first day to the last day of the study. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Anxiety | Mood | Pain | Itching | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24 | Field, T.., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hartsorn, K., Gruskin, A., Hernandez-Reif, M. and Sunshine, W. | 2004 | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome symptons are lessened fallowing massage therapy | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | 8 | (9-14) | Orthopedic | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | A daily self-massage for stretching tendons alleviated pain following one month. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Stretching Tendons | Month=Daily(Self Massage)=mo=30 Visits | Pain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 25 | Field, T., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hartshorn, K., Gruskin, A., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Sunshine, W. (In Review) | Carpal tunnel syndrome is lessened following massage therapy. | Hand | Orthopedic | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | A daily self-massage for stretching tendons alleviated pain following one month. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Stretching Tendons | Month=Daily(Self Massage)=mo=30 Visits | Pain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 26 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Diego, M., Manigat, N., Seonanes, J., Bornstein, J., & Waldman, R. (In Review) | Cerebral palsy symptoms in children decreased following massage therapy | Journal of Early Intervention | Disease | Cerebral Palsy | Massage therapy helped children with CP reduce spasticity, gain more muscle flexibility, and motor function and have more positive social interaction. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children | Social Interaction | Flexibility (Muscle) | Spasticity | Motor Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 27 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field,T.., Largie, S., Diego, M., Manigat, N., Seonares, J., Bornstein, J and Waldman, R. (In press and 2004) | Cerebral Palsy Symptoms in children decreased following a massage therapy | Early Child Development and Care | Disease | Cerebral Palsy | Massage therapy helped children with CP reduce spasticity, gain more muscle flexibility, and motor function and have more positive social interaction. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children | Social Interaction | Flexibility (Muscle) | Spasticity | Motor Function | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28 | Field, T, Sunshine, W., Hernandez-Reif, M., Quintino, O., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. | 1997 | Chronic fatigue syndrome: Massage therapy effects on depression and somatic symptoms in chronic fatigue syndrome | Journal of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | 3 | 43-51 | Disease | Chronic Fatigue Syndrome | Immediately following massage therapy depressed mood, anxiety and stress hormone (cortisol) levels were reduced. Following 10 days of massage therapy, fatigue related symptoms, particularly anxiety and somatic symptoms, were reduced, as were depression, difficulty sleeping and pain. Stress hormone (cortisol) also decreased and dopamine increased. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Anxiety | Depressed Mood | Somatic Symptoms | Pain | Cortisol | Dopamine | Sleeping (Difficulty) | Fatigue Related Symptoms | Fatigue Related Symptoms | Fatigue Related Symptoms | Fatigue Related Symptoms | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 29 | Scafidi, F., Field, T., Wheeden, A., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Symanski, R., Zimmerman, E., & Bandstra, E. S. | 1996 | Cocaine exposed preterm neonates show behavioral and hormonal differences | Pediatrics | 97 | 851-855 | Infants | Cocaine Exposed Newborns | Massaged newborns had fewer postnatal complications and showed increased weight gain, and better performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (particularly on the motor scale), and less stress behaviors following 10 days of massage. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Children=Newborns | Stress Behaviors | Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale Performance (particularly on the motor scale) | Weight Gain | Postnatal Complications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 30 | Jones, N.A., Field, T., Davalos, M., and Hart, S. (In press and 2004) | Cocaine-exposed children show greater right frontal EEG asymmetry and non-empatheric behavior | International Journal of Neuroscience | Infants | Cocaine Exposed Newborns | Massaged newborns had fewer postnatal complications and showed increased weight gain, and better performance on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale (particularly on the motor scale), and less stress behaviors following 10 days of massage. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Children=Newborns | Stress Behaviors | Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale Performance (particularly on the motor scale) | Weight Gain | Postnatal Complications | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 31 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., & Martinez, E. | 1999 | Cystic fibrosis symptoms are reduced with massage therapy intervention | Journal of Pediatric Psychology | 24 | 183-189 | Disease | Cystic Fibrosis | Children receiving daily bedtime massages from their parents reported being less anxious, and their mood and peak air flow readings improved. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage | Day=Daily (Parent Massage-Bedtime) | Children | Anxiety | Mood | Peak Air Flow | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | Leivadi, S., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., O'Rourke, M., D'Arienzo, S., Lewis, D., Del Pino, N., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 1999 | Massage therapy and relaxation effects on university dance students | Journal of Dance Medicine & Science | 3 | 108-112 | Technique | Massage & Relaxation Dancers | Massage therapy improved range
of motion, mood, and performance (including balance and posture) and
decreased stress hormone (cortisol) after one month of twice weekly massage
therapy. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=2x/wk=8 Visits | Adults=Dancers | Mood | Cortisol | ROM | Performance (including balance and posture) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | Jones, N., & Field, T. | 1999 | Right frontal EEG asymmetry is attenuated by massage and music therapy. | Adolescence | 34 | 529-534 | Emotion | Depressed Mothers' EEG Patterns are Changed by Massage and Music Therapy | Brief sessions of massage therapy and music therapy were noted to shift the EEG of depressed mothers from greater relative right frontal activation (a pattern associated with depression) to symmetry. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Music Therapy | Brief Sessions | Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers | EEG (relative right frontal activation=depression to Symetry (Normal)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 34 | Tornek, A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Diego, M. and Jones, N. | 2003 | Music effects on EEG in intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms | Psychiatry | 66 (3) | 234-243 | Emotion | Depressed Mothers' EEG Patterns are Changed by Massage and Music Therapy | Brief sessions of massage therapy and music therapy were noted to shift the EEG of depressed mothers from greater relative right frontal activation (a pattern associated with depression) to symmetry. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Music Therapy | Brief Sessions | Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers | EEG (relative right frontal activation=depression to Symetry (Normal)) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | Pelaez-Nogueras, M., Gewirtz, J.L., Field, T., Cigales, M., Malphurs, J., Clasky, S., & Sanchez, A. | 1996 | Infant preference for touch stimulation in face-to-face interactions | Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology | 17 | 199-213 | Infants | Touch Stimulation | Infants showed more eye contact when adults, who were smiling and cooing, also touched them as compared to infants who received smiling and cooing without touch. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation=Adults Smiling and Cooing while Touching | Children=Infants | Eye Contact | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 36 | Pelaez-Nogueras, M., Field, T., Hossain, Z., & Pickens, J. | 1996 | Depressed mothers' touching increases infants' positive affect and attention in still-face interactions | Child Development | 67 | 1780-1792 | Emotion | Depressed Mothers' Touching Increases Infants' Positive Affect and Attention | Depressed mothers increased
their infant's positive affect and attentiveness by providing touch
stimulation. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Touch Stimulation (Depressed Matohers) | Children=Infants | Positive Affect | Attentiveness | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 37 | Malphurs, J., Raag, T., Field, T., Pickens, J., & Pelaez-Nogueras, M. | 1996 | Touch by intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms | Early Development and Parenting | 5 | 111-115 | Emotion | Depressed Mothers Touching Infants | Mothers with depressive symptoms
who were more likely to touch their infants in a negative way were more
likely to be classified as intrusive. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Adults=Women=Depressed Mothers | Mothers Observed Behavior (Classification=Intrusive) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 38 | Lundy, B.L., Field, T., Cuadra, A., Nearing, G., Cigales, M. & Hashimoto, M. | 1996 | Mothers with depressive symptoms touching their newborns | Early Development and Parenting | 5 | 124-130 | Emotion | Depressed Mothers Touching Newborns | Mothers with depressed symptoms
were compared to mothers with non-depressed symptoms one day after delivery
on how they touched their newborns following an initial feeding. Depressed
mothers touched their newborns less frequently. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Adults=Women=Mothers (Depressed Symptoms) Mothers (Non-Depressed Symptoms) | Touch Frequency (Newbarns) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 39 | Field, T., Diego, M., Dieter, J., & Hernandez-Reif, M. (In Review) | Depressed pregnant women benefit from massage therapy | Emotion | Depressed Pregnant Mothers | This study is assessing the
effects of massage therapy on depressed pregnant women expecting to find
decreased depression, stress hormones, and obstetric complications including
lower prematurity rates. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Women=Pregnat Women (Depressed) | Depression | Stress Hormones | Obstetric Complications | Prematurity Rates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 | Field, T., Grizzle, N., Scafidi, F., & Schanberg, S. | 1996 | Massage and relaxation therapies' effects on depressed adolescent mothers | Adolescence | 31 | 903-911 | Emotion | Depressed Teenage Mothers | Teenage mothers who received massage therapy versus those who received relaxation therapy were less depressed and less anxious both by their own report and based on behavior observations. In addition, their urinary cortisol levels were lower and their serotonin levels were higher, indicating they were less stressed and less depressed. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Relaxation Therapy | Chlldren=Adolescent=Mothers (Teenage) | Anxiety (Self Report & Behavior Observatios) | Depression (Self Report & Behavior Observatios) | Cortisol (Urinary) | Serotonin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 41 | Schachner, L., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Duarte, A., & Krasnegor, J. | 1998 | Atopic Dermatitis Symptoms Decrease in Children Following Massage Therapy | Pediatric Dermatology | 15 | 390-395 | Disease | Dermatitis in Children | Children's affect and activity levels improved as did all measures of skin condition including less redness, lichenification, excoriation, and pruritis after massage therapy. Parents' anxiety levels also decreased. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children Adults=Parents | Anxiety (Parents) | Skin Condition (Redness, Lichenification, Excoriation, and Pruritis) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., LaGreca A., Shaw, K., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 1997 | Massage therapy lowers blood glucose levels in children with Diabetes Mellitus | Diabetes Spectrum | 10 | 237-239 | Disease | Diabetes | Following one month of parents
massaging their children with diabetes, the children's glucose levels
decreased to the normal range and their increased dietary compliance
increased. Also the parents' and children's anxiety and depression levels
decreased. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage | Month=1 Month | Children=Diabetic | Anxiety (Parents & Children) | Depression (Parents & Children) | Glucose | Dietary Compliance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 43 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Ironson, G., Field, T., Largie, S., Deigo, M., Mora, D., & Bornstein, J. (In Review) | Children with Down Syndrome improved in motor function and muscle tone following massage therapy | Journal of Early Intervention | Disease | Down Syndrome | Infants with Down syndrome
improved in muscle tone and in performance on motor tasks following massage
therapy. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Infants=Down Syndrome | Motor Tasks (Performance) | Muscle Tone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 44 | Schanberg, S. & Field, T. | 1987 | Sensory deprivation stress and supplemental stimulation in the rat pup and preterm human neonate | Child Development | 58 | 1431-1447 | Miscellaneous | Rats Early Stimulation | Research is reviewed on the critical nature of rubbing the rat pup and the preterm newborn for their growth and development. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Rubbing | Rats=Rat Pup Children=Newborn=Preterm | Growth & Development (Review Article=No Results) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 45 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Quintino, 0., Schanberg, S. & Kuhn, C. | 1998 | Elder retired volunteers benefit from giving massage therapy to infants | Journal of Applied Gerontology | 17 | 229-239 | Technique | Elderly Retired Volunteers Providing Versus Receiving Massage | Elderly retired volunteers were assessed after giving infants massage for a month versus receiving massage for a month themselves. Results were: 1) they reported less anxiety and fewer depressive symptoms and an improved mood after giving infants massage; 2) their pulse decreased; 3) their cortisol levels decreased; and 4) they reported improved self esteem and a better lifestyle (e.g. fewer doctor visits and more social contacts) after the one month period. These effects were stronger for giving infants the massages than receiving massages themselves, suggesting that the massager can benefit from simply giving massages. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Massage=NonProfessional=Volunteer Massage to infants | Month=1 Month | Adults=Seniors=Elderly Retired Volunteers (Giving Vs Receiving Massage) | Anxiety | Depression | Mood | Cortisol | Life style (Self Report) (Doctor Visits-Social Contacts) | Self Esteem | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 46 | Cullen, C., Field, T., Escalona, A., & Hartshorn, K. | 2000 | Father-infants interactions are enhanced by massage therapy | Early Child Development and Care | 164 | 41-47 | Technique | Father-Infant Massage | Fathers gave their infants daily massages 15 minutes prior to bedtime for one month. The fathers in the massage group showed more optimal interaction behavior with their infants. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents=Fathers | Month=Daily (Parent Massage-15 min prior Bedtime)=30 Visits | Adults=Men=Fathers who give daily massage to their infants | Interaction Behavior with their Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 47 | Sunshine, W., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Quintino, O., Fierro, K., Kuhn, C., Burman, I., and Schanberg, S. | 1996 | Fibromyalgia benefits from massage therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation | Journal of Clinical Rheumatology | 2 | 18-22 | Disease | Fibromyalgia Syndrome | Massage therapy (as compared to
transcutaneous electrical stimulation) improved sleep patterns and decreased
pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression and cortisol levels. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation | Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients | Anxiety | Depression | Pain | Cortisol | Sleep Patterns | Fatigue | Fatigue | Fatigue | Fatigue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 48 | Field, T., Delage, J. and Hernandez-Reif, M. | 2003 | Movement and massage therapy reduces fibromyalgia pain | Journal of Bodywork annd Movement Therapies | 1 | 49-52 | Disease | Fibromyalgia Syndrome | Massage therapy (as compared to
transcutaneous electrical stimulation) improved sleep patterns and decreased
pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression and cortisol levels. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation | Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients | Anxiety | Depression | Pain | Cortisol | Sleep Patterns | Fatigue | Fatigue | Fatigue | Fatigue | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 49 | Field, T., Diego, M., Cullen, C., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sunshine, W., & Douglas, S. | 2002 | Fibromyalgia pain and substance P decrease and sleep improves after massage therapy | Journal of Clinical Rheumatology | 8 | 72-76 | Disease | Fibromyalgia | Fibromyalgia patients slept better (showed lower activity levels suggesting more deep sleep), and had lower substance P levels and less pain following a month of biweekly massages. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=2x/wk=8 Visits | Adults=Fibromyalgia Patients | Pain | Substance P | Sleep (Bsed on Nightime Activity Levels) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 50 | Scafidi, F. & Field, T. | 1997 | Massage therapy improves behavior in neonates born to HIV positive mothers | Journal of Pediatric Psychology | 21 | 889-897 | Disease | HIV Exposed Newborns | Increased weight gain and
improved performance on the Brazelton Newborn Scale (motor and state scales)
were experienced by the massaged newborns. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Infants=Neonates (born to HIV positive mothers) | Brazelton Newborn Scale Performance (Motor and State Scales) | Weight Gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 51 | Diego, M.A., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shaw, K., Friedman, L., and Ironson, G. | 2001 | HIV adolescents show improved immune function following massage therapy | International Journal of Neuroscience | 106 | 35-45 | Disease | HIV in Adolescents | Natural killer cells, CD4 cells
and CD4/CD8 ratio increased after one month of massage therapy. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=1 Month | Children=Adolescents=HIV Adolescents | Natural Killer Cells | CD4 Cells | CD4/CD8 Ratio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 52 | Ironson, G., Field, T., Scafidi, F., Hashimoto, M., Kumar, M., Kumar, A., Price, A., Goncalves, A., Burman, I., Tetenman, C., Patarca, R., & Fletcher, M. A. | 1996 | Massage therapy is associated with enhancement of the immune system's cytotoxic capacity | International Journal of Neuroscience | 84 | 205-218 | Disease | HIV Positive Adults | This study examined massage therapy effects on anxiety and depression levels and on immune function. The subjects received a 45-minute massage five times weekly for a 1-month period. The findings were that: 1) anxiety, stress and cortisol levels were significantly reduced; and 2) natural killer cells and natural killer cell activity increased, suggesting positive effects on the immune system. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=5x(45 min ses)/wk=20 Visits | Adults=HIV Positive | Anxiety | Stress | Cortisol | Natural Killer Cells | Natural Killer Cell Activity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 53 | Field, T., Quintino, O., Henteleff, T., Wells-Keife, L., & Delvecchio-Feinberg, G. | 1997 | Job stress reduction therapies | Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine | 3 | 54-56 | Emotion | Hospital Job Stress | Hospital nursing and physician staff members were provided massage therapy, relaxation therapy and music therapy. These therapies significantly reduced anxiety, depression and fatigue as well as increased vigor. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Relaxation Therapy Music Therapy | Adults=Hospital nursing and physician staff | Anxiety | Depression | Fatigue | Vigor | Vigor | Vigor | Vigor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 54 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Krasnegor, J., Theakston, H., Hossain, Z., & Burman, I. | 2000 | High blood pressure and associated symptoms were reduced by massage therapy | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | 4 | 31-38 | Cardiovascular | Hypertension | Massage therapy decreased diastolic blood pressure, anxiety and cortisol (stress hormone) levels. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Anxiety | Cortisol | Diastolic Blood Pressure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 55 | Field, T., Grizzle, N., Scafidi, F., Abrams, S., & Richardson, S., Kuhn, C. and Shanberg, S. | 1996 | Massage therapy for infants of depressed mothers | Infant Behavior and Development | 19 | 109-114 | Infants | Infants of Depressed Mothers | Infants who received massage
therapy versus those who were rocked experienced 1) greater daily weight
gain; 2) more organized sleep/wake behaviors; 3) less fussiness; 4) improved
sociability and soothability, 5) improved interaction behaviors; and 6) lower
cortisol and norepinephrine and increased serotonin levels (suggesting less
depression). |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Therapy Rocking | Children=Infants of depressed mothers | Cortisol | Serotonin | Norepinephrine | Organized Sleep/Wake Behaviors | Fussiness | Sociability Interaction Behaviors | Soothability | Daily Weight Gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 56 | Diego, M., Field, T., Hart, S., Hernandez-Reif, M., Jones, N., Cullen, C., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 2002 | Facial expressions and EEG in infants of intrusive and withdrawn mothers with depressive symptoms | Depression and Anxiety | 15 | (10-17) | Infants | Infants of Depressed Mothers | Infants of intrusive mothers
with depresive symptoms showed more differential responding to the facial
expressions than the infants of withdrawn mothers. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Children=Infants of intrusive mothers with depresive symtoms Children=Infants of withdrawn mothers | Differential Responding to Facial Expressions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 57 | Field, T. | 1986 | Interventions for premature infants | Journal of Pediatrics | 109 | 183-191 | Infants | Interventions for Premature Infants | Early touch interventions and their effects on high-risk infants are reviewed. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Touch Interventions | Children=Infants=High -Risk Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 58 | Field, T., Ironson, G., Scafidi, F., Nawrocki, T., Goncalves, A., Burman, I., Pickens, J., Fox, N., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 1996 | Massage therapy reduces anxiety and enhances EEG pattern of alertness and math computations | International Journal of Neuroscience | 86 | 197-205 | Emotion | Job Performance Stress | Massaged subjects showed 1) decreased frontal EEG alpha and beta waves and increased delta activity consistent with enhanced alertness; 2) math problems were completed in significantly less time with significantly fewer errors after the massage; and 3) anxiety, cortisol (stress hormone) and job stress levels were lower at the end of the 5 week period. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Month=5 Weeks | Anxiety | Cortisol | Frontal EEG Alpha and Beta Waves & Delta Activity | Math Problems (Time to Completion & Error Rate) | Job Stress Levels | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 59 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Seligman, S., Krasnegor, J., Sunshine, W., Rivas-Chacon, R., & Schanberg, S. and Kuhn, C. | 1997 | Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis benefits from massage therapy | Journal of Pediatric Psychology | 22 | 607-617 | Disease | Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis | Positive effects of parents
massaging their arthritic children included less pain (particularly at night)
and less morning stiffness as assessed by the Parent, Child and Physician's
Assessment as well as lower anxiety and cortisol levels. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents | Children=Children with Rheumatoid Arthritis | Anxiety | Pain (particularly at night)(Parent, Child and Physician's Assessment) | Morning Stiffness (Parent, Child and Physician's Assessment) | Cortisol | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 60 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Taylor, S., & Quintino, 0., & Burman, I. | 1997 | Labor pain is reduced by massage therapy | Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology | 18 | 286-291 | Pregnancy | Labor Pain | Massage therapy during labor
decreased anxiety and pain. In addition, the massaged mothers had shorter
labor, shorter hospital stay and less depressed mood. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Women=Mothers in Labor | Anxiety | Depression | Pain | Length of Labor | Length of hospitalization | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 61 | Cigales, M., Field, T., Lundy, B., Cuadra, A. & Hart, S. | 1997 | Massage enhances recovery from habituation in normal infants | Infant Behavior & Development | 20 | 29-34 | Behavior | Learning by Infants | Massaging the lower limbs for a few minutes enhanced habituation (or simple learning) by infants. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Massaging Lower Limbs | Minutes=Few Minutes | Children=Infants | Habituation (or simple learning) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 62 | Hart, S., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Lundy, B. | 1998 | Preschoolers' cognitive performance improves following massage | Early Child Development & Care | 143 | 59-64 | Behavior | Learning in Preschoolers | Preschoolers who received a
15-minute massage showed better performance on the block design and greater
accuracy on the animal pegs subsets of the WPPSI. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Minutes=15-Minutes | Children=Preschoolers | Block Design (Performance) | Animal Pegs (Accuracy) (Subsets of the WPPSI) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 63 | Field, T., Cullen, C., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Sprinz, P., Beebe, K., Kissell, B., & Bango-Sanchez, V. | 2001 | Leukemia immune changes following massage therapy | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapy | 3 | (1-5) | Disease | Leukemia | Twenty children with leukemia were provided with daily massages by their parents and were compared to a standard treatment control group. Following a month of massage therapy, depressed mood decreased in the children's parents, and the children's white blood cell and neutrophil counts increased. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents | Month=Daily=30 Visits | Children=Children with Leukemia Adults=Parents | Depression | White Blood Cell Count | Neutrophil Count | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 64 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Dieter, J., Swerdlow. & Diego, M. | 1998 | Migraine headaches were reduced by massage therapy | International Journal of Neuroscience | 96 | (1-11) | Disease | Migraine Headaches | Massage therapy decreased the
occurrence of headaches, sleep disturbances and distress symptoms and
increased serotonin levels. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Migraine Headache Patients | Headaches | Distress Symptoms | Serotonin | Sleep Disturbances | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 65 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Field, T., & Theakston, H. | 1998 | Multiple Sclerosis patients benefit from massage therapy | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | 2 | 168-174 | Disease | Multiple Sclerosis | Massage therapy decreased anxiety and depressed mood, and improved self-esteem, body image and social functioning. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Multiple Sclerosis Patients | Anxiety | Depression | Body Image | Self-Esteem | Social Functioning | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 66 | Prodromidis, M., Field, T., Arendt, R., Singer, L., Yando, R. & Bendell, D. | 1995 | Mothers touching newborns: A comparison of rooming-in versus minimal contact | Birth | 22 | 196-200 | Infants | Newborns | Women who had extended and early contact with their newborns looked at, talked to, and touched their infants more, watched less television, and talked less on the telephone than mothers with minimal contact with their infants. These findings suggest that increased postpartum contact with infants leads not only to more interaction, but also to more touching as well as touching in more intimate places (face and head), thus highlighting the value of rooming-in arrangements for mothers and infants. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Extended Postpartum Contact with Infants (Rooming-In) Minimal Postpartum Contact with Infants (No Rooming-In) | Adults=Women=Mothers with Newborns | Infant Interaction (Looking, Talking, Intimate Touching (Face & Head) | Other Behaviors (TV Viewing, Telephone Talking) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 67 | Field, T. | 1987 | Alleviating stress in NICU neonates Review | Journal of the American Osteopathic Association | 87 | 646-650 | Infants | Newborns | Alleviating Stress in
Intensive-Care Neonates: Intensive care nursery environments and their
effects as well as positive tactile stimulation effects are reviewed. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Tactile Stimulation | Children=Newborns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 68 | Field, T. | 1990 | Alleviating stress in newborn infants in the intensive care unit | Perinatology | 17 | (1-9) | Infants | Newborns | Alleviating Stress in Newborns:
Stressful effects of intensive care nursery environments are reviewed
including the effects of high-intensity noise, bright lights, cold, invasive
and painful procedures. Touch interventions were associated with 1) fewer startle
responses, 2) decreased need for ventilation, and 3) fewer clenched fists.
The stimulated infants averaged greater weight gain, were awake and active
for a greater period of time and scored better on the Brazelton Scale. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Touch Interventions High-Intensity Noise Bright Lights Cold Invasive and Painful Procedures | Children=Newborns | Startle Responses | Clenched Fists | Alertness | Activity Level | Brazelton Scale Performance | Ventilation Needs | Weight Gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 69 | Field, T., T., Schanberg, S., Davalos, M. & Malphurs, J. | 1996 | Massage with oil has more positive effects on newborn infants | Pre and Perinatal Psychology Journal | 11 | 73-78 | Technique | Oil Versus No Oil Massage | Infants showed fewer stress behaviors (e.g. grimacing and clenched fists) and lower cortisol levels (stress hormones) following massage with oil versus massage without oil. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Oil Massage=Professional=Without Oil | Children=Newborns | Cortisol | Stress Behaviors (e.g. Grimacing and Clenched fists) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 70 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Cullen, C., Beutler, J., Sanders, C. Weiner, W., Rodriguez-Bateman, D., Zelaya, L., Schanberg, S., & Kuhn, C. | 2002 | Parkinson's disease symptoms are differentially affected by massage therapy versus progressive muscle relaxation: A pilot study | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | Disease | Parkinson's Disease | Adults with Parkinson's Disease were assigned to receive massage therapy or progressive muscle relaxation twice a week for five weeks. The massaged group received higher physician scores on daily living activities and the participants rated themselves as improved in daily functioning, having more effective and less disturbed sleep. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional Progressive Muscle Relaxation | Month=2x/Wk=5wks=10 Visits | Adults=Parkinson's Disease Patients | Physician Scores (Daily Living Activities) | Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) | Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) | Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) | Self Rating Daily Functioning (Eeffective and Less Disturbed Sleep) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 71 | Field, T., Peck, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Stern, S., Burman, I., Krugman, S., & Ozment-Schenck, L. | 2000 | Postburn itching, pain, and psychological symptoms are reduced with massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 21 | 189-193 | Disease | Burn (Post) | Ten massage therapy sessions led
to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars
from burns. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) | Anxiety | Depression | Anger | Pain | Itching | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 72 | Field, T., Peck, M., Krugman, S., Tuchel, T., Shanberg, F., Kuhn, C. and Burman, I. | 1998 | Burn injuries benefit from massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 19 | 241-244 | Disease | Burn (Post) | Ten massage therapy sessions led
to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars
from burns. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) | Anxiety | Depression | Anger | Pain | Itching | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 73 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Largie, S., Hart, S., Redzepi, M., Nieremberg, B. and Peck, M. | 2001 | Children distress during burn treatments is reduced by massage therapy | Journal of Burn Care and Rehabilitation | 22 | 191-195 | Disease | Burn (Post) | Ten massage therapy sessions led
to lower anxiety, anger, depression, pain and itching in adults with scars
from burns. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=10 Days=10 Visits | Adults=Post burn patients (With Scars from burns) | Anxiety | Depression | Anger | Pain | Itching | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 74 | Field, T., Seligman, S., Scafidi, F., & Schanberg, S. | 1996 | Alleviating postraumatic stress in children following Hurricane Andrew | Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology | 17 | 37-50 | Emotion | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder | Massage therapy decreased the anxiety, depression and stress hormone levels (cortisol) of children who survived Hurricane Andrew. In addition, their drawings became less depressed. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Survivers Hurricane Andrew | Anxiety | Depression | Cortisol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 75 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Hart, S., Theakston, H., Schanberg, S., Kuhn, C., & Burman, I. | 1999 | Pregnant women benefit from massage therapy | Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology | 19 | 31-38 | Pregnancy | Pregnancy | This study showed decreased anxiety and stress hormones (norepinephrine) during pregnancy and fewer obstetric and postnatal complications including lower prematurity rates following pregnancy massage. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Pregnacy | Adults=Women=Pregnant Women | Anxiety | Norepinephrine | Obstetric & Postnatal complications (Including Prematurity Rates) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 76 | Diego, M., Dieter, J., Field, T., Lecanuet, J., Hernandez-Reif, M., Beutler, J., Largie, S., Redzepi, M., & Salman, F. | 2002 | Fetal activity following vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen and foot and hand massage | Developmental Psychobiology | 41 | 396-406 | Pregnancy | Pregnancy | Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage | Minute=3 Minutes | Fetus=Midgestation | Fetal Activity During Midgestation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 77 | Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Shanberg, S. and Kuhn, C. ( In press) | 2004 | Masssage therapy effects on depressed pregnant women | Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecolog | Pregnancy | Pregnancy | Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage | Minute=3 Minutes | Fetus=Midgestation | Fetal Activity During Midgestation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 78 | Field, T., Diego, M., Hernandedz-Reif, M., Shanberg, S., Kuhn, C., Yando, R and Bendell, D. (In review) | Pregnancy Anxiety Effects on the Fetus and Neonate | Pregnancy | Pregnancy | Fetal activity during midgestation was studied in response to vibratory stimulation of the mother's abdomen (at the height of the fetal head), foot massage, hand massage, or control condition. The fetuses of mothers who received a 3-minute foot massage showed greater movement than the control fetuses. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Vibratory Abdomenal Stimulation Foot Massage=Professional=Hand No Massage | Minute=3 Minutes | Fetus=Midgestation | Fetal Activity During Midgestation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 79 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Martinez, A., Field, T., Quintino, O., Hart, S. & Burman, I. | 2000 | Premenstrual Syndrome symptoms are relieved by massage therapy | Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecolog | 21 | (9-15) | Disease | Premenstrual Symptoms | Mood improved and anxiety, pain and water retention symptoms decreased after massage therapy. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adult=Women Premenstrual Syndrome | Anxiety | Mood | Pain | Water Retention Symptoms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 80 | Field, T., Harding, J. Soliday, B., Lasko, D., Gonzalez, N. & Valdeon, C. | 1998 | Touching in infant, toddler and preschool nurseries | Early Child Development and Care | 98 | 113-120 | Behavior | Touch in Preschools | Teachers touching children was
rarely observed in infant, toddler and preschool nurseries. These data were
then presented to the teachers along with examples of appropriate touch, and
they were requested to provide more touching in the classroom. The amount of
touching subsequently increased. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Touching Instruction | Adults=Teachers | Amount of Touching (Teachers Touching Children) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 81 | Cigales, M., Field, T., Hossain, Z., Pelaez-Nogueras, M. & Gewirtz, J. | 1996 | Touch among children at nursery school | Early Child Development and Care | 126 | 101-110 | Behavior | Touch in Preschools | Preschoolers demonstrated less "task" related touch but more "communication" related touch in their classroom as compared to the infants and toddlers in their classrooms. Affectionate touch and aggressive touch was more prevalent among toddlers than other age children. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Children=Preschoolers Children=Infants/Toddlers | Task Related Touch | Communication Related Touch | Affectionate Touch | Aggressive Touch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 82 | Field, T. | 1999 | Preschoolers in America are touched less and are more aggressive than preschoolers in France | Early Child Development and Care | 151 | (11-17) | Behavior | Touch in Preschool Children in U.S. and France | Studies compared a high touch culture (France) and a low touch culture (U.S.) on preschool playgrounds and at McDonald's Restaurants in Paris and Miami. Data analyses suggest that preschool children in Paris are touched more by their mothers and touch each other more and are less aggressive toward their peers. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Children=Preschoolers (high touch culture (France)) (low touch culture (U.S.)) (preschool playgrounds) (McDonald's Restaurants) (Paris and Miami) | Mothers Touching Child | Child to Child Touch | Child to Child Aggressive Touch | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 83 | Dieter, J., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Emory, E and Redzepi, M. | 2003 | Preterm infants gain more weight and sleep less following 5 days of massage therapy | Journal of Pediatric Psychology | 28(6) | 403-411 | Infants | Preterm Infant Massage in Five Days | Preterm infants gained more
weight following as few as 5 days of massage therapy. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=5 Days=5 Visits | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 84 | Morrow, C., Field, T., Scafidi, F.A., Roberts, J., Eisen, L., Larson, S.K., Hogan, A.E., and Bandstra, E.S. | 1991 | Differential effects of massage and heelstick procedures on Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension in preterm neonates | Infant Behavior and Development | 14 | 397-414 | Infants | Preterm Neonates' Responses to massage and Heelsticks | Routine heelstick procedures and
tactile-kinesthetic massage were performed on stabilized preterm neonates to
examine the differential effects on Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension (TcPO2).
TcPO2 levels during the heelstick were significantly lower than during the
massage stimulation. The findings indicate that social forms of touch such as
massage do not appear to have a medically compromising effect on TcPO2. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=tactile-kinesthetic Routine heelstick procedures | Children=Preterm Neonates | Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension (TcPO2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 85 | Field, T., Schanberg, S. M., Scafidi, F., Bauer, C. R., Vega-Lahr, N., Garcia, R., Nystrom, J., & Kuhn, C. M. | 1986 | Tactile/ kinesthetic stimulation effects on preterm neonates | Pediatrics | 77 | 654-658 | Infants | Preterm Newborns Gain More Weight | Preterm infants gained 47% more
weight, became more socially responsive, and were discharged 6 days earlier
at a hospital cost savings of $10,000 per infant (or 4.7 billion dollars if
the 470,000 preemies born each year were massaged). The underlying biological
mechanism for weight gain in the massaged preterm newborns may be an increase
in vagal tone and, in turn, an increase in insulin (food absorption
hormone). |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants | Social Responsiveness | Weight Gain | Discharge Date | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 86 | Field, T. | 2001 | Massage therapy facilitates weight gain in preterm infants | Current Directions in Psychological Science | 10 | 51-54 | Infants | Preterm Newborns Gain More Weight | Although the underlying
mechanism for this relationship between massage therapy and weight gain has
not yet been established, possibilities that have been explored in studies
with both humans and rats include (a) increased protein synthesis, (b)
increased vagal activity that releases food-absorption hormones like insulin
and enhances gastric motility and (c) decreased cortisol levels leading to
increased oxytocin. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants | Cortisol (Oxytocin Levels) | Protein Synthesis | Food Absorbption Hormones (Insuline) | Vagal Activity | Gastric Motility | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 87 | Scafidi, F., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Bauer, C., Vega-Lahr, N., & Garcia, R. | 1986 | Effects of tactile/kinesthetic stimulation on the clinical course and sleep/wake behavior of preterm neonates | Infant Behavior and Development | 9 | 91-105 | Infants | Preterm Newborns Sleep Better | Preterm infants who were
massaged before sleep fell asleep more quickly and slept more soundly with
better sleep patterns. They showed improved weight gain as compared to
infants who were not massaged before sleep. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants=Before Sleep | Sleep Depth (Sleep Patterns) | Sleep (Time to Fall Asleep) | Weight Gain | Weight Gain | Weight Gain | Weight Gain | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 88 | Scafidi, F., Field, T., Schanberg, S., Bauer, C, Tucci, K., Roberts, J., Morrow, C., & Kuhn, C.M. | 1990 | Massage stimulates growth in preterm infants: A replication | Infant Behavior and Development | 13 | 167-188 | Infants | Preterm Newborns Have a Better Clinical Course | Preterm Infants received tactile/kinesthetic stimulation over a 10-day period. The infants averaged 21% greater weight gain per day and spent more time awake and active during sleep/wake behavior observations. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=tactile/kinesthetic stimulation Observation | Day=10 Days | Children=Preterm Infants | Sleep/ Wake Behavior | Weight Gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 89 | Scafidi, F., Field, T., & Schanberg, S. | 1993 | Factors that predict which preterm infants benefit most from massage therapy | Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics | 14 | 176-180 | Infants | Preterm Infants Who Benefit the Most From Massage | Preterm infants received three daily 15-minute massages for 10 days. The massage therapy infants gained significantly more weight per day than did the control infants. For the massage therapy group, the pattern of greater caloric intake and more days in Intermediate care before the study period along with more obstetric complications differentiated the high from the low weight gainers, suggesting that the infants who had experienced more complications before the study benefited more from the massage therapy. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=3x/day=15 min/Session=10 Days=30 Sessions | Children=Preterm Infants | Caloric Intake | Weight Gain | Days In Intermediate Care | Obstetric Complications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 90 | Field, T | 2002 | Preterm infant massage therapy studies: An American approach | Seminars in Neonatology | 7 | 487-494 | Infants | Preterm Infants Who Benefit the Most From Massage | Preterm infants received three daily 15-minute massages for 10 days. The massage therapy infants gained significantly more weight per day than did the control infants. For the massage therapy group, the pattern of greater caloric intake and more days in Intermediate care before the study period along with more obstetric complications differentiated the high from the low weight gainers, suggesting that the infants who had experienced more complications before the study benefited more from the massage therapy. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=3x/day=15 min/Session=10 Days=30 Sessions | Children=Preterm Infants | Caloric Intake | Weight Gain | Days In Intermediate Care | Obstetric Complications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 91 | Field, T., Scafidi, & Schanberg, S. | 1987 | Massage of preterm newborns to improve growth and development. Pediatric Nursing | 13 | 385-387 | Infants | Preterm Infants Develop Better | Preterm infants who received
massage therapy as newborns showed greater weight gain and more optimal
cognitive and motor development eight months later. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants | Cognitive and Motor Development | Weight Gain | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 92 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Diego, M., & Beutler, J. | 2001 | Letter-to-the-Editor: Evidence-Based Medicine and Massage | Pediatrics | 108 (4) | 1053 | Infants | Preterm Infants' Weight Influences Massage Therapy Benefits | In a review of preterm infant massage studies, massage therapy was found to facilitate weight gain only when the intervention was started when the preterm infant weighed between 1100 and 1300 g. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain (Timing Between 1100 &1300 g.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 93 | Field, T. | 2001 | Massage therapy facilitates weight gain in preterm infants | Current Directions in Psychological Science | 10 | 51-54 | Infants | Preterm Infants' Weight Influences Massage Therapy Benefits | In a review of preterm infant massage studies, massage therapy was found to facilitate weight gain only when the intervention was started when the preterm infant weighed between 1100 and 1300 g. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain (Timing Between 1100 &1300 g.) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 94 | Field, T., Morrow, C., Valdeon, C., Larson, S., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S. | 1992 | Massage therapy reduces anxiety in child and adolescent psychiatric patients | Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry | 31 | 125-130 | Emotion | Psychiatric Patients (Child and Adolescent) | Following five 30-minute
massages these children/ adolescents had better sleep patterns, lower
depression and anxiety and lower stress hormone levels (cortisol and
norepinephrine). |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Day=5=30 minute=5 Sessions | Children=Children/Adolescent | Anxiety | Depression | Cortisol | Norepinephrine | Sleep Patterns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 95 | Pauk, J., Kuhn, C., Field, T., and Schanberg, S. | 1986 | Positive effects of tactile versus kinesthetic or vestibular stimulation on neuroendocrine and ODC activity in maternally deprived rat pups | Life Science | 39 | 2081-2087 | Miscellaneous | Rat Pups | Maternally deprived rat pups showed increased growth hormone following simulated rubbing. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Rubbing | Rats=Rat Pup (Maternally Deprived) | Growth Hormone | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 96 | Field, T. | 1995 | Massage therapy for infants and children | Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics | 16 | 105-111 | Review | Review Paper | Massage Therapy for Infants and Children: The effects of massage therapy on infants and children with various medical conditions are reviewed. The conditions range from infants who are premature, cocaine-exposed, HIV-exposed and infants of depressed mothers. The childhood conditions include asthma, burns, cancer, dermatitis, diabetes, eating disorders (bulimia), juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, posttraumatic stress disorder, and psychiatric disorders. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Infants/Children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 97 | Field, T. | 1999 | Massage therapy: More than a laying on of hands | Contemporary Pediatrics | 16 | 77-94 | Review | Review Paper | Massage Therapy Effects on
Infants and Children: Infant and child massage therapy studies ranging across
several conditions are reviewed along with recommendations to pediatricians
and parents. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Infants/Children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 98 | Field, T. | 1998 | Massage therapy effects | American Psychologist | 53 | 1270-1281 | Review | Review Paper | Massage Therapy Effects: Infant,
child and adult massage therapy studies ranging across many conditions
including attention disorders, depression, addictions, pain syndrome, immune
and autoimmune disorders are reviewed along with potential underlying mechanisms. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Infants/Children Adult | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 99 | Field, T. | 2002 | Massage therapy | Complementary and Alternative Medicine | 86 | 163-171 | Review | Review Paper | Massage Therapy: Research on
massage therapy and its effects on various conditions including depression,
anorexia nervosa, smoking, fibromyalgia, migraine headaches, immune
disorders, and diabetes. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults Children | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 100 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., Hart, S., Quintino, O., Drose, L., Field, T., Kuhn, C., & Schanberg, S | 1997 | Sexual abuse effects are lessened by massage therapy | Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies | 1 | 65-69 | Emotion | Sexual Abuse | Massage therapy reduced aversion to touch and decreased anxiety, depression and cortisol levels, in women who had been sexually or physically abused. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Women=Sexually or hysically Abused | Anxiety | Depression | Cortisol | Aversion to Touch | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 101 | Field, T., Kilmer, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Burman, I. | 1996 | Preschool Children's Sleep and Wake Behavior: Effects of massage therapy | Early Child Development and Care | 120 | 39-44 | Behavior | Sleep by Preschoolers | Preschool children who received
massage fell asleep sooner, and slept longer during nap time, had decreased
activity levels and better behavior ratings. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Children=Preschool | Activity Levels | Behavior Ratings | Sleep (Time to Sleep and Duration during nap time) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 102 | Field, T. & Hernandez-Reif, M. | 2001 | Sleep problems in infants decrease following massage therapy | Early Child Development and Care | 168 | 95-104 | Behavior | Sleep Disturbances in Infants | Infants who received massage
therapy before bedtime by a parent experienced less difficulty falling asleep
and better sleep patterns. |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Parents Massage | Day=Before Bedtime | Children=Infants | Falling Asleep | Sleep Patterns | Sleep Patterns | Sleep Patterns | Sleep Patterns | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 103 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., and Hart, S. | 1999 | cravings are reduced by self-massage | Preventive Medicine | 28 | 28-32 | Behavior | Smoking | Cravings, anxious behaviors and
the number of cigarettes smoked were reduced by self-massage (rubbing ear
lobes or hands whenever subjects experienced a craving). |
Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Self Massage=Rubbing Ear Loabes or Hands with Craving | Adults | Cravings | Anxious Behaviors | Number of Cigarettes Smoked | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 104 | Diego, M., Field, T., and Hernandez-Reif, M., Brucker, B., Hart, S., & Burman, I. | 2002 | Spinal cord patients benefits from massage therapy. International Journal of Neuroscience | 112 | 133-142 | Disease | Spinal Cord Injuries | Massage therapy improved functional abilities, range of motion and muscle strength in spinal cord injury patients. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional | Adults=Spinal Cord Injury Patients | Functional Abilities | Range of Motion | Muscle Strength | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 105 | Field, T. | 1988 | Stimulation of preterm infants | Pediatrics in Review | 10 | 149-154 | Infants | Stimulation in Preterm Infants | Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 106 | Field, T. | 2003 | Stimulation in preterm infants | Pediatrics in Review | 24 | (4-10) | Infants | Stimulation in Preterm Infants | Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 107 | Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M and Freedman, J. | 2004 | Stimulation programs for preterm infants | Social Policy Report | 18 | (1-19) | Infants | Stimulation in Preterm Infants | Preterm infants who received tactile stimulation showed greater weight gain. A potential underlying mechanism for the massage/weight gain relationship is an increase in vagal tone, which in turn increases food absorption. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Massage=Professional=Tactile Stimulation | Children=Preterm Infants | Weight Gain (Mechanism=+Vagal Tone=+Food Absorption) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 108 | Field, T. | 2001 | Touch Research Institutes: an interview with Dr. Tiffany Field (intervew by Peter Mackereth) | Complementary Therapies in Nursing & Midwifery | 7 | 84-89 | Miscellaneous | Touch Research Institutes-Interview | This paper reports on a visit to TRI while participating on a 3-day workshop. A brief overview of the history of TRI and an interview with Dr. Tiffany Field is included. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Interview | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 109 | Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Diego, M., & Largie, S. | 2002 | Depressed mothers' newborns show inferior face discrimination | Infant Mental Health Journal (In Press) | Infants | Face Discrimination | Infants of depressed mothers took longer to habituate their mothers' face/voice and afterwards displayed no visual preference for mother or stranger, compared to infants of non-depressed mothers who showed a novelty preference for stranger. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Observation | Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers Children=Infants=Non-Depressed Mothers | HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) | Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 110 | Fernandez, M., Hernandez-Reif, M., Field, T., Sanders, C., Diego, M., & Roca, A. (In Review ) | EEG during lavendar and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed mothers | Infants | Odor Perception | Infants of depressed mothers exposed to rosemary or lavender oil showed a shift in EEG toward greater relative left frontal asymmetry. This shift is associated with an approaching pattern of behavior and response to positive stimuli. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender Oil | Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers | HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) | Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 111 | Sanders, C., Diego, M., Fernandez, M., Field, T., Hernandez-Reif, M., & Roca, A. | 2002 | EEG asymmetry responses to lavendar and rosemary aromas in adults and infants | International Journal of Neuroscience | 112 | 1205-1220 | Infants | Odor Perception | Infants of depressed mothers exposed to rosemary or lavender oil showed a shift in EEG toward greater relative left frontal asymmetry. This shift is associated with an approaching pattern of behavior and response to positive stimuli. | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Touch Research Institue (TRI)-University of Miami | Y | Aromatherapy=Rosemary Aromatherapy=Lavender Oil | Children=Infants=Depressed Mothers | HabituatIon (mothers' face/voice) | Visual Preference (Mother/Stranger) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 A | Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 280 | 1908 | Miscellaneous | Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch A | In
Reply.—Advocates of TT postulate that an HEF exists. Can such an entity be
measured or perceived? Do any welldesigned studies show a beneficial effect
against any health problem? Our article addressed all of these points. If TT
practitioners could sense an HEF, they should be able to sense whether they
are near an experimenter’s hand. None of the tested
practitionersdemonstratedsuch ability.Noneobjected to the study’s design
before they were tested. Proponents still offer no alternative testable hypothesis
or protocol. Nor have any stepped forward to attempt to demonstrate the
existence of an HEF, even though a million-dollar reward is available.1
Dolores Krieger, PhD, RN, the founder of TT, has stated repeatedly that its practitioners senseanenergy field. In 1987, she wrote, “In Therapeutic Touch, assessment involves the use of the hands in a sensitive search of the healee’s energy field, for indications of energy imbalance. |
Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html | MEDLINE | Y N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 B | Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 280 | 1908 | Miscellaneous | Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED) | (CONTINUED) Actually, the received impression is really an extension of the sense of touch as we usually think of it.”2 We leave it to JAMA readers to decide for themselves whether it is possible to manipulate an “energy field” with their hands if they cannot tell where it is. MsCollins asserts that 21 practitionersweretoofewto yield valid results. However, our power analysis showed that this numberwasmorethan adequate to test our simple hypothesis. Therapeutic Touch proponents never have objectively demonstrated that they can detect an HEF. Unless they do, it is reasonable to assume that none exists. Dr Schmidt suggests that our test subjects might not have been sufficiently skilled. That would be impossible to determine because TT has no accepted standards of training or practice. We approached every practitioner we could identify in our (Colorado) community. Nearly all agreed to be tested, and none was reliably able to detect the location of Emily’s hand.3 | Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html | MEDLINE | Y N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 C | Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 280 | 1908 | Miscellaneous | Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch C (CONTINUED) | (CONTINUED) We see no reason to believe that they were less competent than practitioners elsewhere. Dr. Palmer is correct that the probability of getting 8 ormore correct is slightly higher than the probability of getting exactly 8 correct. However, this point does not affect the interpretation of the test data. Her discussion of the “true probability of a successful prediction” being 0.67 is disposed of by our power analysis, which she does not contradict. Moreover, TT postulates that an HEF can be sensed and manipulated for therapeutic benefit. All of our subjects claimed to do this routinely. For this to be true, the detection rate would have to be 100%. Our study centered on the performance of 28 subjects, not 280 independent trials. Since a normal distribution was expected under the null hypothesis,webelieve the t-distribution was the appropriate analytic tool. Our final conclusion was not based solely on the hypothesis that practitioners would detect the experimenter’s “energy field.” | Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html | MEDLINE | Y N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 D | Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 280 | 1908 | Miscellaneous | Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch D (CONTINUED) | (CONTINUED)It also took into account—based on our literature analysis—that TT has never been shown to “work well in properly designed trials.” All 15 original participants were invited to be retested. Seven said they were unable to attend on the specific day. Only 1 said she didn’t feel she could perform“oncamera.”Nocomplaintsweremadeaboutthe presence of TV cameras before or during testing. DrBlankarguesthatTTmighthavemeritbecauseit is physically harmless, might exert a useful placebo effect, and offers “the full and unhurried attention of a caregiver.” We believe it is inherently harmful to misrepresent placebos as effective treatment. Moreover, there are much better ways for nurses and clinicians to provide beneficial attention to patients. DrIreland expresses concern about discarding an intervention that many patients say works. Anecdotal evidence is not sufficient to determine whether something works. Our extensive literature search found no evidence that TT provides any health benefit. Therapeutic Touch proponents still have not | Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html | MEDLINE | Y N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 112 E | Rosa L, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | An even closer look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 280 | 1908 | Miscellaneous | Letter to the Editor Therapeutic Touch E (CONTINUED) | (CONTINUED) stated any grounds on which their claims may be considered valid, nor have they presented any reasonable justification for TT’s continued professional use. Linda Rosa, BSN, RN Larry Sarner National Therapeutic Touch Study Group Loveland, Colo Stephen Barrett, MD Allentown, Pa | Jama http://jama.ama-assn.org/issues/v282n2/ffull/jlt0714-5.html | MEDLINE | Y N | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 113 | Blume E | 1932 | Massage as biochemical
stimulation of metabolism |
Leibesubungen | 262-263 | Miscellaneous | Massage Biochemical | AMTA Foundation Research Database | Index Medicus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 114 A | Rosa L, Rosa E, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | A close look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 279 | 1005-1010 | Technique | Technique Therapeutic Touch A | Touch (TT) is a widely used nursing practice rooted in mysticism but alleged to have a scientific basis. Practitioners of TT claim to treat many medical conditions by using their hands to manipulate a "human energy field" perceptible above the patient's skin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether TT practitioners can actually perceive a "human energy field." DESIGN: Twenty-one practitioners with TT experience for from 1 to 27 years were tested under blinded conditions to determine whether they could correctly identify which of their hands was closest to the investigator's hand. Placement of the investigator's hand was determined by flipping a coin. Fourteen practitioners were tested 10 times each, and 7 practitioners were tested 20 times each. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Practitioners of TT were asked to state whether the investigator's unseen hand hovered above their right hand or their left hand. To show the validity of TT theory, the practitioners should have been able to locate the investigator's hand 100% of the time. | MEDLINE | Questionable Nurse Practices Task Force, National Council Against Health Fraud Inc, Loveland, Colo, USA. A | MEDLINE | Y | Therapeutic Touch (TT)=Professional | Multiple Trials | Practitioner | (-Recognition of the presence of Investigator's hand) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 114 B | Rosa L, Rosa E, Sarner L, Barrett S. | 1998 | A close look at Therapeutic Touch | JAMA | 279 | 1005-1010 | Technique | Therapeutic Touch B (CONTINUED) | (CONTINUED) A score of 50% would be expected through chance alone. RESULTS: Practitioners of TT identified the correct hand in only 123 (44%) of 280 trials, which is close to what would be expected for random chance. There was no significant correlation between the practitioner's score and length of experience (r=0.23). The statistical power of this experiment was sufficient to conclude that if TT practitioners could reliably detect a human energy field, the study would have demonstrated this. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-one experienced TT practitioners were unable to detect the investigator's "energy field." Their failure to substantiate TT's most fundamental claim is unrefuted evidence that the claims of TT are groundless and that further professional use is unjustified. | MEDLINE | Questionable Nurse Practices Task Force, National Council Against Health Fraud Inc, Loveland, Colo, USA. B (CONTINUED) | Y | Therapeutic Touch (TT)=Professional | Multiple Trials | Practitioner | (-Recognition of the presence of Investigator's hand) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 115 A | Agarwal KN, Gupta A, Pushkarna
R, Bhargava SK, Faridi MM, Prabhu MK |
2000 | Oil massage improves infant's
growth and helps them sleep better, researchers from India report |
Indian Journal of Medical Research | 112 | 212-217 | Technique | Infant Massage (Use of Oil) A | Oil massage is a time-tested
method of infant care practiced all over the world and is known to have
beneficial effects. "Traditional systems of medicine in India advocate
oil massage as an integral part of infant care," Dr. K. N. Agarwal writes
in a recent issue of the Indian Journal of Medical Research. Agarwal and his team from the University College of Medical Sciences in Delhi studied the effect of oil massage on 125 healthy infants. The infants were approximately 6 weeks of age and were divided into five groups. Four groups received oil massage with herbal oil, sesame oil, mustard oil, and a mix of mineral oil with vitamin E, respectively. The fifth group served as "control group" and did not receive any massage. The mothers were taught to massage the legs, back, arms, chest, abdomen, face and head in that order. Oil massage was advised for a total of 10 minutes daily and was continued for 4 weeks. |
Bron: Reuters Health | Y | Massage=NonProfessional=Mothers | Day=10 Minutes=4 weeks | Weight | Body Length, Head Circumference, Girth of Arm and Leg | Blood Flow through the Femoral Artery | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 115 B | Agarwal KN, Gupta A, Pushkarna
R, Bhargava SK, Faridi MM, Prabhu MK |
2000 | Oil massage improves infant's
growth and helps them sleep better, researchers from India report |
Indian Journal of Medical Research | 112 | 212-217 | Technique | Infant Massage (Use of Oil) B (Continued) | (CONTINUED) On completion of the
study, the researchers observed that weight, body length, head circumference,
girth of arm and leg was increased in the four groups that received oil
massage. The most significant increase was seen in the group that received
massage with sesame oil. The length, arm and leg girth in this group were 1
centimeter (cm), 0.9 cm and 0.7 cm more than that of the control group,
respectively. A significant increase in the blood flow through the femoral
artery, the main artery supplying the leg, was also seen in this group. The
investigators also observed that the infants slept better soon after the
massage. The beneficial effects on growth and sleep are probably due to
increased blood flow and increase in levels of growth promoting hormones like growth hormone and insulin, the authors explained. Vegetable oils such as sesame oil are best suited for massage as they have a beneficial effect on growth and blood flow, and are better absorbed as compared to mineral oil, Agarwal and colleagues concluded. |
Bron: Reuters Health | Y | Weight | Body Length, Head Circumference, Girth of Arm and Leg | Blood Flow through the Femoral Artery | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 116 A | Birk TJ; MacArthur RD; McGrady A; Khuder S. | 1996 | Lack of effect of 12 weeks of
massage therapy on immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected persons. |
Int Conf AIDS | Jul 7-12;11(2) | 270 | Disease | HIV-Massage Lack of Effect on Immune Function A | Objective: To assess the effects of massage therapy alone, or massage therapy combined with either exercise training or stress management counseling, on immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected persons. Methods: 42 HIV-infected persons were randomized to 1 of 4 groups: a) once weekly massage therapy; b) once weekly massage therapy and twice weekly aerobic exercise training; c) once weekly massage therapy and once weekly stress management counseling; d) no therapy (control group). Massage therapy and exercise training sessions lasted 45 minutes; stress management counseling sessions were 1 hour in length. CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent), and NK cells (number and percent) were measured by flow cytometry at the beginning and end of the 12 week study. Quality of life measures were assessed by survey at the beginning and end of the study. All prescribed medications were continued throughout the study. | AIDSLINE MED/96924507 macarthur@oncgate.roc.wayne.edu |
MEDLINE AEGiS http://www.aegis.org/search/Default.asp & http://www.aegis.org/pubs/aidsline/1997/jan/m9712600.html | Y | Massage=Professional Massage & Aerobics Massage & Stress Management No Treatment (Control) | Month=1x/Wk=12 wks (Massage (45min) & Stress Management (1 Hr)) 2x/Wk=12 wks (Aerobics (45 Min)) | (-CD4+ and -CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent (cellsmicroliter))) | (-NK cells (number and percent)) | (-Quality of life measures (Survey)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 116 B | Birk TJ; MacArthur RD; McGrady A; Khuder S. | 1996 | Lack of effect of 12 weeks of
massage therapy on immune function and quality of life in HIV-infected persons. |
Int Conf AIDS | Jul 7-12;11(2) | 270 | Disease | HIV-Massage Lack of Effect on Immune Function B (Continued) | CONTINUED Results: Mean CD4+
count at study entry was 355 cellsmicroliter (range = 60-1042
cellsmicroliter). The mean entry CD4+ count of the 31 persons completing the
study was 437 cellsmicroliter compared to 169 cellsmicroliter for the 11
persons not completing the study p is less than 0.005). The percentage of
participants completing the study was the same across all groups. No
significant differences were found among the groups on any measure comparing pre-study and post-study values. Conclusions: Short-term massage therapy alone or combined with either exercise training or stress management counseling did not have any significant effect on immune function or quality of life measures. These alternative therapies, while not harmful, should not be used as substitutes for more conventional therapies for HIV-infected persons. |
AIDSLINE MED/96924507 macarthur@oncgate.roc.wayne.edu |
MEDLINE AEGiS http://www.aegis.org/search/Default.asp & http://www.aegis.org/pubs/aidsline/1997/jan/m9712600.html | Y | Massage=Professional Massage & Aerobics Massage & Stress Management No Treatment (Control) | Month=1x/Wk=12 wks (Massage (45min) & Stress Management (1 Hr)) 2x/Wk=12 wks (Aerobics (45 Min)) | (-CD4+ and -CD8+ lymphocytes (number and percent (cellsmicroliter))) | (-NK cells (number and percent)) | (-Quality of life measures (Survey)) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 117 | 1961 | Analysis of 102 cases of shoulder
bursitis treated by massage |
Zhonghua Waike Zazhi | 9 | 26-28 | Chinese | Orthopedic | Bursitis (Shoulder) | AMTA Foundation | Research Database | Index Medicus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||