Muscle Tests
Copyright Feb 2003
 
           
1       ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 4
2       ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 5
3       ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 6
4       ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI 7
5       ADDUCTOR BREVIS. 8
6       ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS. 9
7       ADDUCTOR LONGUS. 10
8       ADDUCTOR MAGNUS. 11
9       ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 12
10         ANCONEUS. 13
11         ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS GENERAL. 14
12         BICEPS BRACHII 15
13         BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral
Hamstring) 15
14         BRACHIALIS. 16
15         ABDOMINAL MUSCLES GENERAL. 17
16         ABDOMINAL MUSCLES LOWER. 18
17         ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE GENERAL. 19
18         ADDUCTOR POLLICIS. 20
19         ANCONEUS. 21
20         BACK MUSCLES GENERAL. 22
21         BICEPS BRACHII 23
22         BICEPS BRACHII & BRACHIALIS. 24
23         BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral
Hamstring) 25
24         BRACHIALIS. 26
25         BRACHIORADIALIS. 27
26         CORACOBRACHIALIS. 28
27         DELTOID ANTERIOR. 29
28         DELTOID ANTERIOR & DELTOID
POSTERIOR (SITTING) 30
29         DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) &
DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE) 31
30         DELTOID MIDDLE. 31
31         DELTOID POSTERIOR. 32
32         DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 33
33         DORSAL INTEROSSEI (HAND) 34
34         EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
& BREVIS. 35
35         EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS. 36
36         EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS &
BREVIS. 37
37         EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS &
BREVIS. 40
38         EXTENSOR INDICIS, EXTENSOR
DIGITI MINIMI & EXTENSOR DIGITORUM. 44
39         EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 45
40         EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 46
41         EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT
DIV. 47
42         EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT
DIV. 48
43         FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS (HAND) 49
44         FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND) 50
45         FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS
(HAND) 51
46         FLEXOR DIGITORUM BREVIS. 52
47         FLEXOR DIGITORUM LONGUS
& QUADRATUS PLANTAE. 53
48         FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS. 54
49         FLEXOR DIGITORUM
SUPERFICIALIS. 55
50         FLEXOR HALLUCIS BREVIS. 56
51         FLEXOR HALLUCIS LONGUS. 57
52         FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS. 60
53         FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS. 61
54         GASTROCNEMIUS. 62
55         GASTROCNEMIUS, PLANTARIS
& ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS. 66
56         GLUTEUS MAXIMUS. 71
57         GLUTEUS MEDIUS. 71
58         GLUTEUS MINIMUS ANT &
POST. 72
59         GRACILIS. 73
60         GRACILIS & HAMSTRINGS. 74
61         HIP FLEXORS. 75
62         HIP ADDUCTORS. 76
63         ILIACUS. 77
64         ILIOCOSTALIS CERVICIS. 78
65         ILIOCOSTALIS LUMBORUM. 79
66         ILIOCOSTALIS THORACIS. 80
67         ILIOPSOAS & PSOAS MINOR. 81
68         INFRASPINATUS. 82
69         INTERNAL ABDOMINAL
OBLIQUE=ANT DIV. 83
70         INTERNAL ABDOMINAL
OBLIQUE=LAT DIV. 84
71         LATERAL TRUNK FLEXORS AND
HIP ABDUCTORS GENERAL. 85
72         LATERAL ROTATORS HIP. 86
73         LATISSIMUS DORSI 87
74         LEVATOR SCAPULAE. 87
75         LONGISSIMUS CAPITIS. 88
76         LONGISSIMUS CERVICIS. 89
77         LONGISSIMUS THORACIS. 90
78         LONGUS CAPITIS. 91
79         LONGUS COLLI 92
80         LUMBRICALS (FOOT) & INTEROSSEI 93
81         LUMBRICALS (HAND) &
INTEROSSEI 94
82         MEDIAL ROTATORS HIP. 95
83         OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI 96
84         OPPONENS POLLICIS. 97
85         PALMAR INTEROSSEI (HAND) 98
86         PALMARIS LONGUS & BREVIS
(HAND) 99
87         PECTINEUS. 100
88         PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICULAR. 101
89         PECTORALIS MAJOR STERNAL. 102
90         PECTORALIS MINOR. 103
91         PERONEUS LONGUS & BREVIS. 103
92         PERONEUS TERTIUS. 104
93         PIRIFORMIS. 105
94         PLANTAR INTEROSSEI (FOOT) 106
95         POPLITEUS. 107
96         PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 108
97         PRONATOR TERES. 109
98         PRONATOR TERES &
PRONATOR QUADRATUS. 110
99         PSOAS. 111
100        PYRAMIDALIS. 112
101        QUADRICEPS FEMORIS GENERAL. 113
102        QUADRATUS LUMBORUM. 114
103        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS. 115
104        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FIRST DIVISION) 116
105        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (SECOND DIVISION) 117
106        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (THIRD DIVISION) 118
107        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION LATERAL) 119
108        RECTUS  ABDOMINIS (FOURTH DIVISION MEDIAL) 119
109        RECTUS FEMORIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 120
110        RHOMBOID, LEVATOR SCAPULAE,
& TRAPEZIUS. 121
111        RHOMBOID MAJOR. 122
112        RHOMBOID MINOR. 123
113        SARTORIUS. 124
114        SCALENUS ANTERIOR. 125
115        SCALENUS MEDIUS. 126
116        SCALENUS POSTERIOR. 127
117        SEMIMEMBRANOSUS. 128
118        SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS. 129
119        SEMISPINALIS CERVICIS. 130
120        SEMISPINALIS THORACIS. 131
121        SEMITENDINOSUS. 132
122        SERRATUS ANTERIOR. 133
123        SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR. 134
124        SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR. 134
125        SHOULDER MEDIAL ROTATORS. 135
126        SHOULDER LATERAL ROTATORS. 136
127        SOLEUS. 137
128        SPINALIS CAPITIS. 138
129        SPINALIS CERVICIS. 139
130        SPINALIS THORACIS. 140
131        SPLENIUS CAPITIS. 141
132        SPLENIUS CERVICIS. 142
133        STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID. 143
134        SUBCLAVIUS. 144
135        SUBSCAPULARIS. 145
136        SUPINATOR. 146
137        SUPINATOR & BICEPS. 147
138        SUPRASPINATUS. 148
139        SUPRASPINATUS & MIDDLE
DELTOID. 149
140        TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE. 150
141        TERES MAJOR. 150
142        TERES MINOR. 151
143        TIBIALIS ANTERIOR. 152
144        TIBIALIS POSTERIOR. 153
145        TRANSVERSUS ABDOMINIS. 154
146        TRAPEZIUS LOWER. 155
147        TRAPEZIUS MIDDLE. 156
148        TRAPEZIUS UPPER. 157
149        TRICEPS BRACHII 158
150        TRICEPS BRACHII &
ANCONEUS. 159
151        VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
(QUADRICEPS FEMORIS) 160
152        VASTUS LATERALIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 161
153        VASTUS MEDIALIS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) 162
154. 163
155. 164
 
 
 
1     
ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
1.1  
Testing Position 
1.1.1  
 
1.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
1.2.1  
 
1.3  
Stabilization 
1.3.1  
 
1.4  
Test 
1.4.1  
 
1.5  
Pressure 
1.5.1  
 
1.6  
Weakness 
1.6.1  
 
1.7  
Shortness 
1.7.1  
 
1.8  
Body Language of Weakness
1.8.1  
Testing Position 
1.8.1.1    
 
1.8.2  
During Test 
1.8.2.1      
1.8.3  
Movement aberrations
1.8.3.1      
1.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
1.8.4.1      
1.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
1.9.1  
 
1.10
Graphic Illustration
1.11
Video Demonstration
1.12
Organ Reflexes
1.12.1           
None
1.13
Meridian Association
1.13.1           
 
1.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
1.14.1           
 
1.15
Nutritional
1.15.1           
 
1.16
General Discussion
1.16.1           
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
2.1  
Testing Position 
2.1.1  
 
2.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
2.2.1  
 
2.3  
Stabilization 
2.3.1  
 
2.4  
Test 
2.4.1  
 
2.5  
Pressure 
2.5.1  
 
2.6  
Weakness 
2.6.1  
 
2.7  
Shortness 
2.7.1  
 
2.8  
Body Language of Weakness
2.8.1  
Testing Position 
2.8.1.1    
 
2.8.2  
During Test 
2.8.2.1      
2.8.3  
Movement aberrations
2.8.3.1      
2.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
2.8.4.1      
2.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
2.9.1  
 
2.10
Graphic Illustration
2.11
Video Demonstration
2.12
Organ Reflexes
2.12.1           
None
2.13
Meridian Association
2.13.1           
 
2.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
2.14.1           
 
2.15
Nutritional
2.15.1           
 
2.16
General Discussion
2.16.1           
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
3.1  
Testing Position 
3.1.1  
 
3.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
3.2.1  
 
3.3  
Stabilization 
3.3.1  
 
3.4  
Test 
3.4.1  
 
3.5  
Pressure 
3.5.1  
 
3.6  
Weakness 
3.6.1  
 
3.7  
Shortness 
3.7.1  
 
3.8  
Body Language of Weakness
3.8.1  
Testing Position 
3.8.1.1    
 
3.8.2  
During Test 
3.8.2.1      
3.8.3  
Movement aberrations
3.8.3.1      
3.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
3.8.4.1      
3.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
3.9.1  
 
3.10
Graphic Illustration
3.11
Video Demonstration
3.12
Organ Reflexes
3.12.1           
None
3.13
Meridian Association
3.13.1           
 
3.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
3.14.1           
 
3.15
Nutritional
3.15.1           
 
3.16
General Discussion
3.16.1           
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
4.1  
Testing Position 
4.1.1  
 
4.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
4.2.1  
 
4.3  
Stabilization 
4.3.1  
 
4.4  
Test 
4.4.1  
 
4.5  
Pressure 
4.5.1  
 
4.6  
Weakness 
4.6.1  
 
4.7  
Shortness 
4.7.1  
 
4.8  
Body Language of Weakness
4.8.1  
Testing Position 
4.8.1.1    
 
4.8.2  
During Test 
4.8.2.1      
4.8.3  
Movement aberrations
4.8.3.1      
4.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
4.8.4.1      
4.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
4.9.1  
 
4.10
Graphic Illustration
4.11
Video Demonstration
4.12
Organ Reflexes
4.12.1           
None
4.13
Meridian Association
4.13.1           
 
4.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
4.14.1           
 
4.15
Nutritional
4.15.1           
 
4.16
General Discussion
4.16.1           
 
 
 
 
5     
ADDUCTOR BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
5.1  
Testing Position 
5.1.1  
 
5.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
5.2.1  
 
5.3  
Stabilization 
5.3.1  
 
5.4  
Test 
5.4.1  
 
5.5  
Pressure 
5.5.1  
 
5.6  
Weakness 
5.6.1  
 
5.7  
Shortness 
5.7.1  
 
5.8  
Body Language of Weakness
5.8.1  
Testing Position 
5.8.1.1    
 
5.8.2  
During Test 
5.8.2.1      
5.8.3  
Movement aberrations
5.8.3.1      
5.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
5.8.4.1      
5.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
5.9.1  
 
5.10
Graphic Illustration
5.11
Video Demonstration
5.12
Organ Reflexes
5.12.1           
None
5.13
Meridian Association
5.13.1           
 
5.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
5.14.1           
 
5.15
Nutritional
5.15.1           
 
5.16
General Discussion
5.16.1           
 
6     
ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
6.1  
Testing Position 
6.1.1  
 
6.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
6.2.1  
 
6.3  
Stabilization 
6.3.1  
 
6.4  
Test 
6.4.1  
 
6.5  
Pressure 
6.5.1  
 
6.6  
Weakness 
6.6.1  
 
6.7  
Shortness 
6.7.1  
 
6.8  
Body Language of Weakness
6.8.1  
Testing Position 
6.8.1.1    
 
6.8.2  
During Test 
6.8.2.1      
6.8.3  
Movement aberrations
6.8.3.1      
6.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
6.8.4.1      
6.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
6.9.1  
 
6.10
Graphic Illustration
6.11
Video Demonstration
6.12
Organ Reflexes
6.12.1           
None
6.13
Meridian Association
6.13.1           
 
6.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
6.14.1           
 
6.15
Nutritional
6.15.1           
 
6.16
General Discussion
6.16.1           
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
7.1  
Testing Position 
7.1.1  
 
7.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
7.2.1  
 
7.3  
Stabilization 
7.3.1  
 
7.4  
Test 
7.4.1  
 
7.5  
Pressure 
7.5.1  
 
7.6  
Weakness 
7.6.1  
 
7.7  
Shortness 
7.7.1  
 
7.8  
Body Language of Weakness
7.8.1  
Testing Position 
7.8.1.1    
 
7.8.2  
During Test 
7.8.2.1      
7.8.3  
Movement aberrations
7.8.3.1      
7.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
7.8.4.1      
7.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
7.9.1  
 
7.10
Graphic Illustration
7.11
Video Demonstration
7.12
Organ Reflexes
7.12.1           
None
7.13
Meridian Association
7.13.1           
 
7.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
7.14.1           
 
7.15
Nutritional
7.15.1           
 
7.16
General Discussion
7.16.1           
 
8     
ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
8.1  
Testing Position 
8.1.1  
 
8.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
8.2.1  
 
8.3  
Stabilization 
8.3.1  
 
8.4  
Test 
8.4.1  
 
8.5  
Pressure 
8.5.1  
 
8.6  
Weakness 
8.6.1  
 
8.7  
Shortness 
8.7.1  
 
8.8  
Body Language of Weakness
8.8.1  
Testing Position 
8.8.1.1    
 
8.8.2  
During Test 
8.8.2.1      
8.8.3  
Movement aberrations
8.8.3.1      
8.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
8.8.4.1      
8.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
8.9.1  
 
8.10
Graphic Illustration
8.11
Video Demonstration
8.12
Organ Reflexes
8.12.1           
None
8.13
Meridian Association
8.13.1           
 
8.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
8.14.1           
 
8.15
Nutritional
8.15.1           
 
8.16
General Discussion
8.16.1           
 
9     
ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
9.1  
Testing Position 
9.1.1  
 
9.2  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
9.2.1  
 
9.3  
Stabilization 
9.3.1  
 
9.4  
Test 
9.4.1  
 
9.5  
Pressure 
9.5.1  
 
9.6  
Weakness 
9.6.1  
 
9.7  
Shortness 
9.7.1  
 
9.8  
Body Language of Weakness
9.8.1  
Testing Position 
9.8.1.1    
 
9.8.2  
During Test 
9.8.2.1      
9.8.3  
Movement aberrations
9.8.3.1      
9.8.4  
Postural Imbalance
9.8.4.1      
9.9  
Alternate Testing Method 
9.9.1  
 
9.10
Graphic Illustration
9.11
Video Demonstration
9.12
Organ Reflexes
9.12.1           
None
9.13
Meridian Association
9.13.1           
 
9.14
Reactive Muscle Correlation
9.14.1           
 
9.15
Nutritional
9.15.1           
 
9.16
General Discussion
9.16.1           
 
10     
ANCONEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
10.1
Testing Position 
10.1.1           
 
10.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
10.2.1           
 
10.3
Stabilization 
10.3.1           
 
10.4
Test 
10.4.1           
 
10.5
Pressure 
10.5.1           
 
10.6
Weakness 
10.6.1           
 
10.7
Shortness 
10.7.1           
 
10.8
Body Language of Weakness
10.8.1           
Testing Position 
10.8.1.1    
 
10.8.2           
During Test 
10.8.2.1      
10.8.3           
Movement aberrations
10.8.3.1      
10.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
10.8.4.1      
10.9
Alternate Testing Method 
10.9.1           
 
10.10                  
Graphic Illustration
10.11                  
Video Demonstration
10.12                  
Organ Reflexes
10.13                  
Meridian Association
10.13.1     
 
10.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
10.14.1     
 
10.15                  
Nutritional
10.15.1     
 
10.16                  
General Discussion
10.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
11.1
Testing Position 
11.1.1           
 
11.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
11.2.1           
 
11.3
Stabilization 
11.3.1           
 
11.4
Test 
11.4.1           
 
11.5
Pressure 
11.5.1           
 
11.6
Weakness 
11.6.1           
 
11.7
Shortness 
11.7.1           
 
11.8
Body Language of Weakness
11.8.1           
Testing Position 
11.8.1.1    
 
11.8.2           
During Test 
11.8.2.1      
11.8.3           
Movement aberrations
11.8.3.1      
11.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
11.8.4.1      
11.9
Alternate Testing Method 
11.9.1           
 
11.10                  
Graphic Illustration
11.11                  
Video Demonstration
11.12                  
Organ Reflexes
11.13                  
Meridian Association
11.13.1     
 
11.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
11.14.1     
 
11.15                  
Nutritional
11.15.1     
 
11.16                  
General Discussion
11.16.1     
 
 
12     
BICEPS BRACHII
Back
Table of Contents References
 
12.1
Testing Position 
12.1.1           
 
12.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
12.2.1           
 
12.3
Stabilization 
12.3.1           
 
12.4
Test 
12.4.1           
 
12.5
Pressure 
12.5.1           
 
12.6
Weakness 
12.6.1           
 
12.7
Shortness 
12.7.1           
 
12.8
Body Language of Weakness
12.8.1           
Testing Position 
12.8.1.1    
 
12.8.2           
During Test 
12.8.2.1      
12.8.3           
Movement aberrations
12.8.3.1      
12.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
12.8.4.1      
12.9
Alternate Testing Method 
12.9.1           
 
12.10                  
Graphic Illustration
12.11                  
Video Demonstration
12.12                  
Organ Reflexes
12.12.1     
None
12.13                  
Meridian Association
12.13.1     
 
12.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
12.14.1     
 
12.15                  
Nutritional
12.15.1     
 
12.16                  
General Discussion
12.16.1     
 
13     
BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)
Back
Table of Contents References
 
13.1
Testing Position 
13.1.1           
 
13.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
13.2.1           
 
13.3
Stabilization 
13.3.1           
 
13.4
Test 
13.4.1           
 
13.5
Pressure 
13.5.1           
 
13.6
Weakness 
13.6.1           
 
13.7
Shortness 
13.7.1           
 
13.8
Body Language of Weakness
13.8.1           
Testing Position 
13.8.1.1    
 
13.8.2           
During Test 
13.8.2.1      
13.8.3           
Movement aberrations
13.8.3.1      
13.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
13.8.4.1      
13.9
Alternate Testing Method 
13.9.1           
 
13.10                  
Graphic Illustration
13.11                  
Video Demonstration
13.12                  
Organ Reflexes
13.13                  
Meridian Association
13.13.1     
 
13.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
13.14.1     
 
13.15                  
Nutritional
13.15.1     
 
13.16                  
General Discussion
13.16.1     
 
14     
BRACHIALIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
14.1
Testing Position 
14.1.1           
 
14.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
14.2.1           
 
14.3
Stabilization 
14.3.1           
 
14.4
Test 
14.4.1           
 
14.5
Pressure 
14.5.1           
 
14.6
Weakness 
14.6.1           
 
14.7
Shortness 
14.7.1           
 
14.8
Body Language of Weakness
14.8.1           
Testing Position 
14.8.1.1    
 
14.8.2           
During Test 
14.8.2.1      
14.8.3           
Movement aberrations
14.8.3.1      
14.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
14.8.4.1      
14.9
Alternate Testing Method 
14.9.1           
 
14.10                  
Graphic Illustration
14.11                  
Video Demonstration
14.12                  
Organ Reflexes
14.13                  
Meridian Association
14.13.1     
 
14.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
14.14.1     
 
14.15                  
Nutritional
14.15.1     
 
14.16                  
General Discussion
14.16.1     
 
Back Table of Contents References
 
15.1 Testing Position 
15.1.1           
 
15.2 Patient Fixation Requirements 
15.2.1           
 
15.3 Stabilization 
15.3.1           
 
15.4 Test 
15.4.1           
 
15.5 Pressure 
15.5.1           
 
15.6 Weakness 
15.6.1           
 
15.7 Shortness 
15.7.1           
 
15.8 Body Language of Weakness
15.8.1           
Testing Position 
15.8.1.1    
 
15.8.2           
During Test 
15.8.2.1    
 
15.8.3           
Movement aberrations
15.8.3.1    
 
15.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
15.8.4.1    
 
15.9 Alternate Testing Method 
15.9.1           
 
15.10                  
Graphic Illustration
15.11                  
Video Demonstration
15.12                  
Organ Reflexes
15.13                  
Meridian Association
15.13.1     
 
15.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
15.14.1     
 
15.15                  
Nutritional
15.15.1     
 
15.16                  
General Discussion
15.16.1     
 
Back Table of Contents References
 
16.1 Testing Position 
16.1.1           
 
16.2 Patient Fixation Requirements 
16.2.1           
 
16.3 Stabilization 
16.3.1           
 
16.4 Test 
16.4.1           
 
16.5 Pressure 
16.5.1           
 
16.6 Weakness 
16.6.1           
 
16.7 Shortness 
16.7.1           
 
16.8 Body Language of Weakness
16.8.1           
Testing Position 
16.8.1.1    
 
16.8.2           
During Test 
16.8.2.1    
 
16.8.3           
Movement aberrations
16.8.3.1    
 
16.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
16.8.4.1    
 
16.9 Alternate Testing Method 
16.9.1           
 
16.10                  
Graphic Illustration
16.11                  
Video Demonstration
16.12                  
Organ Reflexes
16.13                  
Meridian Association
16.13.1     
 
16.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
16.14.1     
 
16.15                  
Nutritional
16.15.1     
 
16.16                  
General Discussion
16.16.1     
 
 
Back Table of Contents References
 
17.1 Testing Position 
17.1.1           
 
17.2 Patient Fixation Requirements 
17.2.1           
 
17.3 Stabilization 
17.3.1           
 
17.4 Test 
17.4.1           
 
17.5 Pressure 
17.5.1           
 
17.6 Weakness 
17.6.1           
 
17.7 Shortness 
17.7.1           
 
17.8 Body Language of Weakness
17.8.1           
Testing Position 
17.8.1.1    
 
17.8.2           
During Test 
17.8.2.1    
 
17.8.3           
Movement aberrations
17.8.3.1    
 
17.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
17.8.4.1    
 
17.9 Alternate Testing Method 
17.9.1           
 
17.10                  
Graphic Illustration
17.11                  
Video Demonstration
17.12                  
Organ Reflexes
17.13                  
Meridian Association
17.13.1     
 
17.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
17.14.1     
 
17.15                  
Nutritional
17.15.1     
 
17.16                  
General Discussion
17.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
18.1
Testing Position 
18.1.1           
 
18.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
18.2.1           
 
18.3
Stabilization 
18.3.1           
 
18.4
Test 
18.4.1           
 
18.5
Pressure 
18.5.1           
 
18.6
Weakness 
18.6.1           
 
18.7
Shortness 
18.7.1           
 
18.8
Body Language of Weakness
18.8.1           
Testing Position 
18.8.1.1    
 
18.8.2           
During Test 
18.8.2.1      
18.8.3           
Movement aberrations
18.8.3.1      
18.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
18.8.4.1      
18.9
Alternate Testing Method 
18.9.1           
 
18.10                  
Graphic Illustration
18.11                  
Video Demonstration
18.12                  
Organ Reflexes
18.12.1     
None
18.13                  
Meridian Association
18.13.1     
 
18.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
18.14.1     
 
18.15                  
Nutritional
18.15.1     
 
18.16                  
General Discussion
18.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
19.1
Testing Position 
19.1.1           
 
19.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
19.2.1           
 
19.3
Stabilization 
19.3.1           
 
19.4
Test 
19.4.1           
 
19.5
Pressure 
19.5.1           
 
19.6
Weakness 
19.6.1           
 
19.7
Shortness 
19.7.1           
 
19.8
Body Language of Weakness
19.8.1           
Testing Position 
19.8.1.1    
 
19.8.2           
During Test 
19.8.2.1      
19.8.3           
Movement aberrations
19.8.3.1      
19.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
19.8.4.1      
19.9
Alternate Testing Method 
19.9.1           
 
19.10                  
Graphic Illustration
19.11                  
Video Demonstration
19.12                  
Organ Reflexes
19.13                  
Meridian Association
19.13.1     
 
19.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
19.14.1     
 
19.15                  
Nutritional
19.15.1     
 
19.16                  
General Discussion
19.16.1     
 
Back Table of Contents References
 
20.1 Testing Position 
20.1.1           
 
20.2 Patient Fixation Requirements 
20.2.1           
 
20.3 Stabilization 
20.3.1           
 
20.4 Test 
20.4.1           
 
20.5 Pressure 
20.5.1           
 
20.6 Weakness 
20.6.1           
 
20.7 Shortness 
20.7.1           
 
20.8 Body Language of Weakness
20.8.1           
Testing Position 
20.8.1.1    
 
20.8.2           
During Test 
20.8.2.1    
 
20.8.3           
Movement aberrations
20.8.3.1    
 
20.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
20.8.4.1    
 
20.9 Alternate Testing Method 
20.9.1           
 
20.10                  
Graphic Illustration
20.11                  
Video Demonstration
20.12                  
Organ Reflexes
20.13                  
Meridian Association
20.13.1     
 
20.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
20.14.1     
 
20.15                  
Nutritional
20.15.1     
 
20.16                  
General Discussion
20.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
21.1
Testing Position 
21.1.1           
 
21.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
21.2.1           
 
21.3
Stabilization 
21.3.1           
 
21.4
Test 
21.4.1           
 
21.5
Pressure 
21.5.1           
 
21.6
Weakness 
21.6.1           
 
21.7
Shortness 
21.7.1           
 
21.8
Body Language of Weakness
21.8.1           
Testing Position 
21.8.1.1    
 
21.8.2           
During Test 
21.8.2.1      
21.8.3           
Movement aberrations
21.8.3.1      
21.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
21.8.4.1      
21.9
Alternate Testing Method 
21.9.1           
 
21.10                  
Graphic Illustration
21.11                  
Video Demonstration
21.12                  
Organ Reflexes
21.13                  
Meridian Association
21.13.1     
 
21.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
21.14.1     
 
21.15                  
Nutritional
21.15.1     
 
21.16                  
General Discussion
21.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
22.1
Testing Position 
22.1.1           
 
22.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
22.2.1           
 
22.3
Stabilization 
22.3.1           
 
22.4
Test 
22.4.1           
 
22.5
Pressure 
22.5.1           
 
22.6
Weakness 
22.6.1           
 
22.7
Shortness 
22.7.1           
 
22.8
Body Language of Weakness
22.8.1           
Testing Position 
22.8.1.1    
 
22.8.2           
During Test 
22.8.2.1      
22.8.3           
Movement aberrations
22.8.3.1      
22.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
22.8.4.1      
22.9
Alternate Testing Method 
22.9.1           
 
22.10                  
Graphic Illustration
22.11                  
Video Demonstration
22.12                  
Organ Reflexes
22.13                  
Meridian Association
22.13.1     
 
22.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
22.14.1     
 
22.15                  
Nutritional
22.15.1     
 
22.16                  
General Discussion
22.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
23.1
Testing Position 
23.1.1           
 
23.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
23.2.1           
 
23.3
Stabilization 
23.3.1           
 
23.4
Test 
23.4.1           
 
23.5
Pressure 
23.5.1           
 
23.6
Weakness 
23.6.1           
 
23.7
Shortness 
23.7.1           
 
23.8
Body Language of Weakness
23.8.1           
Testing Position 
23.8.1.1    
 
23.8.2           
During Test 
23.8.2.1      
23.8.3           
Movement aberrations
23.8.3.1      
23.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
23.8.4.1      
23.9
Alternate Testing Method 
23.9.1           
 
23.10                  
Graphic Illustration
23.11                  
Video Demonstration
23.12                  
Organ Reflexes
23.13                  
Meridian Association
23.13.1     
 
23.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
23.14.1     
 
23.15                  
Nutritional
23.15.1     
 
23.16                  
General Discussion
23.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
24.1
Testing Position 
24.1.1           
 
24.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
24.2.1           
 
24.3
Stabilization 
24.3.1           
 
24.4
Test 
24.4.1           
 
24.5
Pressure 
24.5.1           
 
24.6
Weakness 
24.6.1           
 
24.7
Shortness 
24.7.1           
 
24.8
Body Language of Weakness
24.8.1           
Testing Position 
24.8.1.1    
 
24.8.2           
During Test 
24.8.2.1      
24.8.3           
Movement aberrations
24.8.3.1      
24.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
24.8.4.1      
24.9
Alternate Testing Method 
24.9.1           
 
24.10                  
Graphic Illustration
24.11                  
Video Demonstration
24.12                  
Organ Reflexes
24.13                  
Meridian Association
24.13.1     
 
24.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
24.14.1     
 
24.15                  
Nutritional
24.15.1     
 
24.16                  
General Discussion
24.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
25.1
Testing Position 
25.1.1           
 
25.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
25.2.1           
 
25.3
Stabilization 
25.3.1           
 
25.4
Test 
25.4.1           
 
25.5
Pressure 
25.5.1           
 
25.6
Weakness 
25.6.1           
 
25.7
Shortness 
25.7.1           
 
25.8
Body Language of Weakness
25.8.1           
Testing Position 
25.8.1.1    
 
25.8.2           
During Test 
25.8.2.1      
25.8.3           
Movement aberrations
25.8.3.1      
25.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
25.8.4.1      
25.9
Alternate Testing Method 
25.9.1           
 
25.10                  
Graphic Illustration
25.11                  
Video Demonstration
25.12                  
Organ Reflexes
25.13                  
Meridian Association
25.13.1     
 
25.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
25.14.1     
 
25.15                  
Nutritional
25.15.1     
 
25.16                  
General Discussion
25.16.1     
 
26     
CORACOBRACHIALIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
26.1
Testing Position 
26.1.1           
 
26.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
26.2.1           
 
26.3
Stabilization 
26.3.1           
 
26.4
Test 
26.4.1           
 
26.5
Pressure 
26.5.1           
 
26.6
Weakness 
26.6.1           
 
26.7
Shortness 
26.7.1           
 
26.8
Body Language of Weakness
26.8.1           
Testing Position 
26.8.1.1    
 
26.8.2           
During Test 
26.8.2.1      
26.8.3           
Movement aberrations
26.8.3.1      
26.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
26.8.4.1      
26.9
Alternate Testing Method 
26.9.1           
 
26.10                  
Graphic Illustration
26.11                  
Video Demonstration
26.12                  
Organ Reflexes
26.12.1     
None
26.13                  
Meridian Association
26.13.1     
 
26.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
26.14.1     
 
26.15                  
Nutritional
26.15.1     
 
26.16                  
General Discussion
26.16.1     
 
27     
DELTOID ANTERIOR
Back
Table of Contents References
 
27.1
Testing Position 
27.1.1           
 
27.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
27.2.1           
 
27.3
Stabilization 
27.3.1           
 
27.4
Test 
27.4.1           
 
27.5
Pressure 
27.5.1           
 
27.6
Weakness 
27.6.1           
 
27.7
Shortness 
27.7.1           
 
27.8
Body Language of Weakness
27.8.1           
Testing Position 
27.8.1.1    
 
27.8.2           
During Test 
27.8.2.1      
27.8.3           
Movement aberrations
27.8.3.1      
27.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
27.8.4.1      
27.9
Alternate Testing Method 
27.9.1           
 
27.10                  
Graphic Illustration
27.11                  
Video Demonstration
27.12                  
Organ Reflexes
27.12.1     
None
27.13                  
Meridian Association
27.13.1     
 
27.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
27.14.1     
 
27.15                  
Nutritional
27.15.1     
 
27.16                  
General Discussion
27.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
28.1
Testing Position 
28.1.1           
 
28.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
28.2.1           
 
28.3
Stabilization 
28.3.1           
 
28.4
Test 
28.4.1           
 
28.5
Pressure 
28.5.1           
 
28.6
Weakness 
28.6.1           
 
28.7
Shortness 
28.7.1           
 
28.8
Body Language of Weakness
28.8.1           
Testing Position 
28.8.1.1    
 
28.8.2           
During Test 
28.8.2.1      
28.8.3           
Movement aberrations
28.8.3.1      
28.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
28.8.4.1      
28.9
Alternate Testing Method 
28.9.1           
 
28.10                  
Graphic Illustration
28.11                  
Video Demonstration
28.12                  
Organ Reflexes
28.12.1     
None
28.13                  
Meridian Association
28.13.1     
 
28.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
28.14.1     
 
28.15                  
Nutritional
28.15.1     
 
28.16                  
General Discussion
28.16.1     
 
29     
DELTOID ANTERIOR (SUPINE) & DELTOID POSTERIOR (PRONE)
Back
Table of Contents References
 
29.1
Testing Position 
29.1.1           
 
29.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
29.2.1           
 
29.3
Stabilization 
29.3.1           
 
29.4
Test 
29.4.1           
 
29.5
Pressure 
29.5.1           
 
29.6
Weakness 
29.6.1           
 
29.7
Shortness 
29.7.1           
 
29.8
Body Language of Weakness
29.8.1           
Testing Position 
29.8.1.1    
 
29.8.2           
During Test 
29.8.2.1      
29.8.3           
Movement aberrations
29.8.3.1      
29.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
29.8.4.1      
29.9
Alternate Testing Method 
29.9.1           
 
29.10                  
Graphic Illustration
29.11                  
Video Demonstration
29.12                  
Organ Reflexes
29.12.1     
None
29.13                  
Meridian Association
29.13.1     
 
29.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
29.14.1     
 
29.15                  
Nutritional
29.15.1     
 
29.16                  
General Discussion
29.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
30.1
Testing Position 
30.1.1           
 
30.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
30.2.1           
 
30.3
Stabilization 
30.3.1           
 
30.4
Test 
30.4.1           
 
30.5
Pressure 
30.5.1           
 
30.6
Weakness 
30.6.1           
 
30.7
Shortness 
30.7.1           
 
30.8
Body Language of Weakness
30.8.1           
Testing Position 
30.8.1.1    
 
30.8.2           
During Test 
30.8.2.1      
30.8.3           
Movement aberrations
30.8.3.1      
30.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
30.8.4.1      
30.9
Alternate Testing Method 
30.9.1           
 
30.10                  
Graphic Illustration
30.11                  
Video Demonstration
30.12                  
Organ Reflexes
30.12.1     
None
30.13                  
Meridian Association
30.13.1     
 
30.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
30.14.1     
 
30.15                  
Nutritional
30.15.1     
 
30.16                  
General Discussion
30.16.1     
 
31     
DELTOID POSTERIOR
Back
Table of Contents References
 
31.1
Testing Position 
31.1.1           
 
31.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
31.2.1           
 
31.3
Stabilization 
31.3.1           
 
31.4
Test 
31.4.1           
 
31.5
Pressure 
31.5.1           
 
31.6
Weakness 
31.6.1           
 
31.7
Shortness 
31.7.1           
 
31.8
Body Language of Weakness
31.8.1           
Testing Position 
31.8.1.1    
 
31.8.2           
During Test 
31.8.2.1      
31.8.3           
Movement aberrations
31.8.3.1      
31.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
31.8.4.1      
31.9
Alternate Testing Method 
31.9.1           
 
31.10                  
Graphic Illustration
31.11                  
Video Demonstration
31.12                  
Organ Reflexes
31.12.1     
None
31.13                  
Meridian Association
31.13.1     
 
31.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
31.14.1     
 
31.15                  
Nutritional
31.15.1     
 
31.16                  
General Discussion
31.16.1     
 
32     
DORSAL INTEROSSEI (FOOT)
Back
Table of Contents References
 
32.1
Testing Position 
32.1.1           
 
32.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
32.2.1           
 
32.3
Stabilization 
32.3.1           
 
32.4
Test 
32.4.1           
 
32.5
Pressure 
32.5.1           
 
32.6
Weakness 
32.6.1           
 
32.7
Shortness 
32.7.1           
 
32.8
Body Language of Weakness
32.8.1           
Testing Position 
32.8.1.1    
 
32.8.2           
During Test 
32.8.2.1      
32.8.3           
Movement aberrations
32.8.3.1      
32.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
32.8.4.1      
32.9
Alternate Testing Method 
32.9.1           
 
32.10                  
Graphic Illustration
32.11                  
Video Demonstration
32.12                  
Organ Reflexes
32.13                  
Meridian Association
32.13.1     
 
32.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
32.14.1     
 
32.15                  
Nutritional
32.15.1     
 
32.16                  
General Discussion
32.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
33.1
Testing Position 
33.1.1           
 
33.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
33.2.1           
 
33.3
Stabilization 
33.3.1           
 
33.4
Test 
33.4.1           
 
33.5
Pressure 
33.5.1           
 
33.6
Weakness 
33.6.1           
 
33.7
Shortness 
33.7.1           
 
33.8
Body Language of Weakness
33.8.1           
Testing Position 
33.8.1.1    
 
33.8.2           
During Test 
33.8.2.1      
33.8.3           
Movement aberrations
33.8.3.1      
33.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
33.8.4.1      
33.9
Alternate Testing Method 
33.9.1           
 
33.10                  
Graphic Illustration
33.11                  
Video Demonstration
33.12                  
Organ Reflexes
33.13                  
Meridian Association
33.13.1     
 
33.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
33.14.1     
 
33.15                  
Nutritional
33.15.1     
 
33.16                  
General Discussion
33.16.1     
 
34     
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
34.1
Testing Position 
34.1.1           
 
34.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
34.2.1           
 
34.3
Stabilization 
34.3.1           
 
34.4
Test 
34.4.1           
 
34.5
Pressure 
34.5.1           
 
34.6
Weakness 
34.6.1           
 
34.7
Shortness 
34.7.1           
 
34.8
Body Language of Weakness
34.8.1           
Testing Position 
34.8.1.1    
 
34.8.2           
During Test 
34.8.2.1      
34.8.3           
Movement aberrations
34.8.3.1      
34.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
34.8.4.1      
34.9
Alternate Testing Method 
34.9.1           
 
34.10                  
Graphic Illustration
34.11                  
Video Demonstration
34.12                  
Organ Reflexes
34.12.1     
None
34.13                  
Meridian Association
34.13.1     
 
34.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
34.14.1     
 
34.15                  
Nutritional
34.15.1     
 
34.16                  
General Discussion
34.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
35.1
Testing Position 
35.1.1           
 
35.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
35.2.1           
 
35.3
Stabilization 
35.3.1           
 
35.4
Test 
35.4.1           
 
35.5
Pressure 
35.5.1           
 
35.6
Weakness 
35.6.1           
 
35.7
Shortness 
35.7.1           
 
35.8
Body Language of Weakness
35.8.1           
Testing Position 
35.8.1.1    
 
35.8.2           
During Test 
35.8.2.1      
35.8.3           
Movement aberrations
35.8.3.1      
35.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
35.8.4.1      
35.9
Alternate Testing Method 
35.9.1           
 
35.10                  
Graphic Illustration
35.11                  
Video Demonstration
35.12                  
Organ Reflexes
35.12.1     
None
35.13                  
Meridian Association
35.13.1     
 
35.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
35.14.1     
 
35.15                  
Nutritional
35.15.1     
 
35.16                  
General Discussion
35.16.1     
 
 
36     
EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
36.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
36.2
Muscle Illustration
36.2.1           

36.2.2           

36.3
Illustration Muscle Test
36.4
Testing Position 
36.4.1           
Supine or Sitting
36.4.2           
The patient extends his toes to the
maximum amount
36.5
Patient Fixation Requirements 
36.5.1           
The ankle should be stabilized by
patient and examiner efforts.
36.5.2           
The examiner stabilizes the foot in
slight plantar flexion.
36.6
Stabilization 
36.6.1           
The examiner stabilizes the foot at
the calcaneus, with his thumb over the dorsal surface of the foot to prevent
the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.
36.7
Test 
36.7.1           
Contact is made on the dorsal surface
of the foot to prevent the patient from dorsiflexing the ankle.
36.7.2           
Extension of all joints of the second,
third, fourth, and fifth digits.
36.8
Pressure 
36.8.1           
Against the dorsal surface of the toes
in the direction of flexion.
36.9
Weakness 
36.9.1           
Allows a tendency toward drop-foot and
forefoot varus. Diminishes the ability to dorsiflex the ankle joint and evert
the foot. In many cases of flat teet (collapse of the long arch) there is an
accompanying weakness of toe extensors.
36.10                  
Shortness or Contracture
36.10.1     
Hyperextension of metatarsophalangeal
joints.
36.11                  
Video Demonstration
36.11.1     
 
36.12                  
Organ Reflexes
36.12.1     
None
36.13                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
36.13.1     
None
36.14                  
General Discussion
36.14.1     
There is considerable variation in the
tendon insertion of the extensor digitorum longus and brevis. The tendons of
the two muscles tend to fuse together, giving a similar action to both. The
extensor digitorum longus has the added action of dorsiflexion and contributes
to eversion or pronation. These muscles are not routinely examined in applied
Kinesiology; The most common examination purpose is to determine the relative
strength of the toe extensors to the flexors, to evaluate the extension for the
metatarsophalangeal articulations in the “hammer toe” position.
37     
EXTENSOR HALLUCIS LONGUS & BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
37.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
37.2
Muscle Illustration
37.2.1           

37.2.2           

37.3
Illustration Muscle Test
37.4
Testing Position 
37.4.1           
Patient extends the great toe, with
the ankle in a neutral position
37.5
Patient Fixation Requirements 
37.5.1           
The ankle should be stabilized by both
the patient and the examiner
37.5.2           
The examiner stabilizes the foot in slight
plantar flexion
37.6
Stabilization 
37.6.1           
Stabilize the calcaneus with the thumb
over the dorsal surface of the foot
37.7
Test 
37.7.1           
Contact the dorsal surface of the
great toe, and apply pressure in the direction of flexion. There should be no movement
of the ankle joint, which may bring the tibialis anterior and other
dorsiflexors into the test.
37.7.2           
Extension of the metatarsophalangeal
and interphalangeal joints of the great toe
37.8
Pressure 
37.8.1           
Against the dorsal surface of the
distal and proximal phalanges of the great toe in the direction of flexion
37.9
Weakness 
37.9.1           
Decreases the ability to extend the
great toe, and allows a position of flexion. The ability to dorsiflex the ankle
joint is decreased
37.10                  
Shortness 
37.10.1     
Extension of the great toe, with the
head of the first metatarsal driven downward
37.11                  
Body Language of Weakness
37.11.1     
Testing Position 
37.11.1.1
Inability to hold testing position
37.11.1.2
Significant weakness of this muscle is
not nearly as common as other foot muscles. 
37.11.1.3
Weakness in the presence of lower
spinal conditions and sciatic neuralgia indicates that evaluation of the 4th
lumbar disc is needed.
37.12                  
Video Demonstration
37.13                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
37.13.1     
None
37.14                  
General Discussion
37.14.1     
The paralysis of the extensor hallucis
brevis (first slip of the extensor digitorum brevis) cannot be determined
accurately in the presence of a strong extensor hallucis longus. However, in
paralysis of the longus the action of the brevis is clear. The distal phalanx
does not extend, and the proximal phalanx extends in the direction of adduction
(toward the axial line of the foot)
Back
Table of Contents References
 
38.1
Testing Position 
38.1.1           
 
38.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
38.2.1           
 
38.3
Stabilization 
38.3.1           
 
38.4
Test 
38.4.1           
 
38.5
Pressure 
38.5.1           
 
38.6
Weakness 
38.6.1           
 
38.7
Shortness 
38.7.1           
 
38.8
Body Language of Weakness
38.8.1           
Testing Position 
38.8.1.1    
 
38.8.2           
During Test 
38.8.2.1      
38.8.3           
Movement aberrations
38.8.3.1      
38.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
38.8.4.1      
38.9
Alternate Testing Method 
38.9.1           
 
38.10                  
Graphic Illustration
38.11                  
Video Demonstration
38.12                  
Organ Reflexes
38.12.1     
None
38.13                  
Meridian Association
38.13.1     
 
38.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
38.14.1     
 
38.15                  
Nutritional
38.15.1     
 
38.16                  
General Discussion
38.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
39.1
Testing Position 
39.1.1           
 
39.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
39.2.1           
 
39.3
Stabilization 
39.3.1           
 
39.4
Test 
39.4.1           
 
39.5
Pressure 
39.5.1           
 
39.6
Weakness 
39.6.1           
 
39.7
Shortness 
39.7.1           
 
39.8
Body Language of Weakness
39.8.1           
Testing Position 
39.8.1.1    
 
39.8.2           
During Test 
39.8.2.1      
39.8.3           
Movement aberrations
39.8.3.1      
39.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
39.8.4.1      
39.9
Alternate Testing Method 
39.9.1           
 
39.10                  
Graphic Illustration
39.11                  
Video Demonstration
39.12                  
Organ Reflexes
39.12.1     
None
39.13                  
Meridian Association
39.13.1     
 
39.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
39.14.1     
 
39.15                  
Nutritional
39.15.1     
 
39.16                  
General Discussion
39.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
40.1
Testing Position 
40.1.1           
 
40.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
40.2.1           
 
40.3
Stabilization 
40.3.1           
 
40.4
Test 
40.4.1           
 
40.5
Pressure 
40.5.1           
 
40.6
Weakness 
40.6.1           
 
40.7
Shortness 
40.7.1           
 
40.8
Body Language of Weakness
40.8.1           
Testing Position 
40.8.1.1    
 
40.8.2           
During Test 
40.8.2.1      
40.8.3           
Movement aberrations
40.8.3.1      
40.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
40.8.4.1      
40.9
Alternate Testing Method 
40.9.1           
 
40.10                  
Graphic Illustration
40.11                  
Video Demonstration
40.12                  
Organ Reflexes
40.12.1     
None
40.13                  
Meridian Association
40.13.1     
 
40.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
40.14.1     
 
40.15                  
Nutritional
40.15.1     
 
40.16                  
General Discussion
40.16.1     
 
 
41     
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT DIV
Back
Table of Contents References
 
41.1
Testing Position 
41.1.1           
 
41.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
41.2.1           
 
41.3
Stabilization 
41.3.1           
 
41.4
Test 
41.4.1           
 
41.5
Pressure 
41.5.1           
 
41.6
Weakness 
41.6.1           
 
41.7
Shortness 
41.7.1           
 
41.8
Body Language of Weakness
41.8.1           
Testing Position 
41.8.1.1    
 
41.8.2           
During Test 
41.8.2.1      
41.8.3           
Movement aberrations
41.8.3.1      
41.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
41.8.4.1      
41.9
Alternate Testing Method 
41.9.1           
 
41.10                  
Graphic Illustration
41.11                  
Video Demonstration
41.12                  
Organ Reflexes
41.13                  
Meridian Association
41.13.1     
 
41.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
41.14.1     
 
41.15                  
Nutritional
41.15.1     
 
41.16                  
General Discussion
41.16.1     
 
42     
EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT DIV
Back
Table of Contents References
 
42.1
Testing Position 
42.1.1           
 
42.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
42.2.1           
 
42.3
Stabilization 
42.3.1           
 
42.4
Test 
42.4.1           
 
42.5
Pressure 
42.5.1           
 
42.6
Weakness 
42.6.1           
 
42.7
Shortness 
42.7.1           
 
42.8
Body Language of Weakness
42.8.1           
Testing Position 
42.8.1.1    
 
42.8.2           
During Test 
42.8.2.1      
42.8.3           
Movement aberrations
42.8.3.1      
42.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
42.8.4.1      
42.9
Alternate Testing Method 
42.9.1           
 
42.10                  
Graphic Illustration
42.11                  
Video Demonstration
42.12                  
Organ Reflexes
42.12.1     
None
42.13                  
Meridian Association
42.13.1     
 
42.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
42.14.1     
 
42.15                  
Nutritional
42.15.1     
 
42.16                  
General Discussion
42.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
43.1
Testing Position 
43.1.1           
 
43.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
43.2.1           
 
43.3
Stabilization 
43.3.1           
 
43.4
Test 
43.4.1           
 
43.5
Pressure 
43.5.1           
 
43.6
Weakness 
43.6.1           
 
43.7
Shortness 
43.7.1           
 
43.8
Body Language of Weakness
43.8.1           
Testing Position 
43.8.1.1    
 
43.8.2           
During Test 
43.8.2.1      
43.8.3           
Movement aberrations
43.8.3.1      
43.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
43.8.4.1      
43.9
Alternate Testing Method 
43.9.1           
 
43.10                  
Graphic Illustration
43.11                  
Video Demonstration
43.12    Organ Reflexes
43.12.1     
None
43.13                  
Meridian Association
43.13.1     
 
43.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
43.14.1     
 
43.15                  
Nutritional
43.15.1     
 
43.16                  
General Discussion
43.16.1     
 
44     
FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS (HAND)
Back
Table of Contents References
 
44.1
Testing Position 
44.1.1           
 
44.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
44.2.1           
 
44.3
Stabilization 
44.3.1           
 
44.4
Test 
44.4.1           
 
44.5
Pressure 
44.5.1           
 
44.6
Weakness 
44.6.1           
 
44.7
Shortness 
44.7.1           
 
44.8
Body Language of Weakness
44.8.1           
Testing Position 
44.8.1.1    
 
44.8.2           
During Test 
44.8.2.1      
44.8.3           
Movement aberrations
44.8.3.1      
44.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
44.8.4.1      
44.9
Alternate Testing Method 
44.9.1           
 
44.10                  
Graphic Illustration
44.11                  
Video Demonstration
44.12    Organ Reflexes
44.12.1     
None
44.13                  
Meridian Association
44.13.1     
 
44.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
44.14.1     
 
44.15                  
Nutritional
44.15.1     
 
44.16                  
General Discussion
44.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
45.1
Testing Position 
45.1.1           
 
45.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
45.2.1           
 
45.3
Stabilization 
45.3.1           
 
45.4
Test 
45.4.1           
 
45.5
Pressure 
45.5.1           
 
45.6
Weakness 
45.6.1           
 
45.7
Shortness 
45.7.1           
 
45.8
Body Language of Weakness
45.8.1           
Testing Position 
45.8.1.1    
 
45.8.2           
During Test 
45.8.2.1      
45.8.3           
Movement aberrations
45.8.3.1      
45.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
45.8.4.1      
45.9
Alternate Testing Method 
45.9.1           
 
45.10                  
Graphic Illustration
45.11                  
Video Demonstration
45.12    Organ Reflexes
45.12.1     
None
45.13                  
Meridian Association
45.13.1     
 
45.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
45.14.1     
 
45.15                  
Nutritional
45.15.1     
 
45.16                  
General Discussion
45.16.1     
 
Back Table of Contents References
 
46.1 Testing Position 
46.1.1           
 
46.2 Patient Fixation Requirements 
46.2.1           
 
46.3 Stabilization 
46.3.1           
 
46.4 Test 
46.4.1           
 
46.5 Pressure 
46.5.1           
 
46.6 Weakness 
46.6.1           
 
46.7 Shortness 
46.7.1           
 
46.8 Body Language of Weakness
46.8.1           
Testing Position 
46.8.1.1    
 
46.8.2           
During Test 
46.8.2.1    
 
46.8.3           
Movement aberrations
46.8.3.1    
 
46.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
46.8.4.1    
 
46.9 Alternate Testing Method 
46.9.1           
 
46.10                  
Graphic Illustration
46.11                  
Video Demonstration
46.12    Organ Reflexes
46.12.1     
None
46.13                  
Meridian Association
46.13.1     
 
46.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
46.14.1     
 
46.15                  
Nutritional
46.15.1     
 
46.16                  
General Discussion
46.16.1     
 
47     
FLEXOR DIGITORUM
LONGUS & QUADRATUS PLANTAE
Back
Table of Contents References
 
47.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
47.2
Muscle Illustration
47.2.1           

47.2.2           

47.3
Illustration Muscle Test
47.4
Testing Position 
47.4.1           
Supine or sitting
47.4.2           
In the presence of gastrocnemius
tightness, the knee should be flexed to permit a neutral position of the foot
47.5
Patient Fixation/Stabilization
Requirements 
47.5.1           
The examiner stabilizes the
metatarsals and maintains a neutral position of the foot and ankle
47.6
Test 
47.6.1           
Flexion of the distal interphalangeal
joints of the second, third, fourth, and fifth digits. The flexor digitorum is
assisted by quadratus plantae
47.7
Pressure 
47.7.1           
Against the plantar surface of the
distal phalanges of the four toes in the direction of extension
47.8
Weakness 
47.8.1           
Results in tendency toward hyper
extension of distal interphalangeal joints of the four toes. Decreases the ability
to invert the foot and plantar flex the ankle. In weight bearing weakness
permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.
47.9
Shortness 
47.9.1           
Flexion deformity of the distal
phalanges of the four lateral toes, with restriction of dorsiflexion and
eversion of the foot.
47.10                  
Video Demonstration
47.11                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
47.11.1     
None
47.12                  
General Discussion
47.12.1     
None
Back
Table of Contents References
 
48.1
Testing Position 
48.1.1           
 
48.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
48.2.1           
 
48.3
Stabilization 
48.3.1           
 
48.4
Test 
48.4.1           
 
48.5
Pressure 
48.5.1           
 
48.6
Weakness 
48.6.1           
 
48.7
Shortness 
48.7.1           
 
48.8
Body Language of Weakness
48.8.1           
Testing Position 
48.8.1.1    
 
48.8.2           
During Test 
48.8.2.1      
48.8.3           
Movement aberrations
48.8.3.1      
48.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
48.8.4.1      
48.9
Alternate Testing Method 
48.9.1           
 
48.10                  
Graphic Illustration
48.11                  
Video Demonstration
48.12    Organ Reflexes
48.12.1     
None
48.13                  
Meridian Association
48.13.1     
 
48.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
48.14.1     
 
48.15                  
Nutritional
48.15.1     
 
48.16                  
General Discussion
48.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
49.1
Testing Position 
49.1.1           
 
49.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
49.2.1           
 
49.3
Stabilization 
49.3.1           
 
49.4
Test 
49.4.1           
 
49.5
Pressure 
49.5.1           
 
49.6
Weakness 
49.6.1           
 
49.7
Shortness 
49.7.1           
 
49.8
Body Language of Weakness
49.8.1           
Testing Position 
49.8.1.1    
 
49.8.2           
During Test 
49.8.2.1      
49.8.3           
Movement aberrations
49.8.3.1      
49.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
49.8.4.1      
49.9
Alternate Testing Method 
49.9.1           
 
49.10                  
Graphic Illustration
49.11                  
Video Demonstration
49.12    Organ Reflexes
49.12.1     
None
49.13                  
Meridian Association
49.13.1     
 
49.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
49.14.1     
 
49.15                  
Nutritional
49.15.1     
 
49.16                  
General Discussion
49.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
50.1
Testing Position 
50.1.1           
 
50.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
50.2.1           
 
50.3
Stabilization 
50.3.1           
 
50.4
Test 
50.4.1           
 
50.5
Pressure 
50.5.1           
 
50.6
Weakness 
50.6.1           
 
50.7
Shortness 
50.7.1           
 
50.8
Body Language of Weakness
50.8.1           
Testing Position 
50.8.1.1    
 
50.8.2           
During Test 
50.8.2.1      
50.8.3           
Movement aberrations
50.8.3.1      
50.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
50.8.4.1      
50.9
Alternate Testing Method 
50.9.1           
 
50.10                  
Graphic Illustration
50.11                  
Video Demonstration
50.12    Organ Reflexes
50.12.1     
None
50.13                  
Meridian Association
50.13.1     
 
50.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
50.14.1     
 
50.15                  
Nutritional
50.15.1     
 
50.16                  
General Discussion
50.16.1     
 
51     
FLEXOR HALLUCIS
LONGUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
51.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
51.2
Muscle Illustration
51.2.1           

51.2.2           

51.3
Illustration Muscle Test
51.4
Patient
51.4.1           
Supine
51.4.2           
Sitting
51.5
Testing Position 
51.5.1           
With the patient in the supine
position, the examiner stabilizes the metatarsophalangeal articulation in
slight extension, and holds the foot half-way between dorsal and plantar
flexion. Patient flexes distal phalanx of great toe.
51.5.2           
From this testing position of flexion
between the proximal and distal phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against
the distal phalanx of the great toe in the direction of extension
51.6
Synergists
51.6.1           
The muscles that flex the distal
phalanges of the toes and fingers are the only ones which can be 100% isolated
for muscle testing. The flexor hallucis brevis attaches to the proximal phalanx
and is the reason stabilization and slight extension are necessary between the
proximal phalanx and the first metatarsal.
51.7
Patient Fixation Requirements 
51.7.1           
The examiner stabilizes the
metatarsophalangeal joint in neutral position and maintains the ankle joint
approximately midway between dorsal and plantar flexion. (Full dorsiflexion may
produce passive flexion of the interphalangeal joint, and full plantar flexion
would allow the muscle to shorten too much to exert its maximum force.) If the
Flexor hallucis brevis is very strong and the flexor hallucis longus weak, it
is necessary to restrict the tendency for the metatarsophalangeal joint to flex
by holding the proximal phalanx in slight extension.
51.8
Test 
51.8.1           
From the testing position  of flexion between the proximal and distal
phalanx, the examiner directs pressure against the distal phalanx of the great
toe in the direction of extension.
51.8.2           
Flexion of the interphalangeal joint
of the great toe
51.9
Pressure 
51.9.1           
Against the plantar surface of the distal
phalanx in the direction of extension
51.10                  
Weakness 
51.10.1     
Results in tendency toward
hyperextension of interphalangeal joint and hammer-toe deformity of great toe.
Decreases the strength of inversion of the foot and plantar flexion of the
ankle. In weight bearing, permits a tendency toward a pronation of the foot.
51.11                  
Shortness 
51.11.1     
Claw-toe deformity of great toe
51.12                  
Video Demonstration
51.13                  
General Discussion
51.13.1     
The flexor hallucis longus is most frequently
tested in relation to the tarsal tunnel syndrome. Because the flexor hallucis
longus receives its nerve supply prior to the nerves going through the tarsal
tunnel, it will be compared with the flexor hallucis brevis, which receives its
nerve supply after the nerve has gone through the tarsal tunnel.
51.13.2     
The flexor hallucis longus is
inactive, or only slightly active, when evaluated electromyographically in the
weight-loaded foot. With a 400-pound load, it showed its greatest activity in
inversion and dorsiflexion.
Back
Table of Contents References
 
52.1
Testing Position 
52.1.1           
 
52.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
52.2.1           
 
52.3
Stabilization 
52.3.1           
 
52.4
Test 
52.4.1           
 
52.5
Pressure 
52.5.1           
 
52.6
Weakness 
52.6.1           
 
52.7
Shortness 
52.7.1           
 
52.8
Body Language of Weakness
52.8.1           
Testing Position 
52.8.1.1    
 
52.8.2           
During Test 
52.8.2.1      
52.8.3           
Movement aberrations
52.8.3.1      
52.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
52.8.4.1      
52.9
Alternate Testing Method 
52.9.1           
 
52.10                  
Graphic Illustration
52.11                  
Video Demonstration
52.12    Organ Reflexes
52.12.1     
None
52.13                  
Meridian Association
52.13.1     
 
52.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
52.14.1     
 
52.15                  
Nutritional
52.15.1     
 
52.16                  
General Discussion
52.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
53.1
Testing Position 
53.1.1           
 
53.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
53.2.1           
 
53.3
Stabilization 
53.3.1           
 
53.4
Test 
53.4.1           
 
53.5
Pressure 
53.5.1           
 
53.6
Weakness 
53.6.1           
 
53.7
Shortness 
53.7.1           
 
53.8
Body Language of Weakness
53.8.1           
Testing Position 
53.8.1.1    
 
53.8.2           
During Test 
53.8.2.1      
53.8.3           
Movement aberrations
53.8.3.1      
53.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
53.8.4.1      
53.9
Alternate Testing Method 
53.9.1           
 
53.10                  
Graphic Illustration
53.11                  
Video Demonstration
53.12    Organ Reflexes
53.12.1     
None
53.13                  
Meridian Association
53.13.1     
 
53.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
53.14.1     
 
53.15                  
Nutritional
53.15.1     
 
53.16                  
General Discussion
53.16.1     
 
54      GASTROCNEMIUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
54.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
54.2
Muscle Illustration
54.2.1           

54.2.2           

54.3
Illustration Muscle Test
54.4
Testing Position 
54.4.1           
The testing position for the
gastrocnemius is prone, with the foot over the end of the table and the leg
straight.
54.5
Test 
54.5.1           
Examiner pulls distally on calcaneus
and simultaneously directs pressure on the sole of the foot in a dorsiflexion
direction. This test must be compared with the soleus test to make a
differential diagnosis.
54.6
Body Language of Weakness
54.6.1           
Postural Imbalance
54.6.1.1     Patient stands with hyperextension of knee,
compensating for a weak gastrocnemius failing to give posterior stability to
the knee. This also correlates with a weak Popliteus and quadriceps group.
54.7
Alternate Testing Method 
54.7.1           
All plantar flexors can be tested with
the patient standing. The patient stabilizes himself with his hand on a table
or wall, but does not use it to aid the test. The patient raises directly up on
his toes with one foot, while the examiner observes for capability of elevating
to the toes without bending the knee or leaning forward. (See Example)
54.8
Video Demonstration
54.9
Reactive Muscle Correlation
54.10                  
General Discussion
54.10.1     
The gastrocnemius must be correlated
with the soleus for evaluation of its strength. The maximum shortening of the
gastrocnemius and soleus varies considerable. The soleus is capable of
shortening 44 mm, the gastrocnemius only 39 mm. This is very important in the
action of these two muscles. Because the gastrocnemius originates proximal to
the knee, it is lengthened or shortened with extension or flexion of the knee.
When the knee is flexed, the gastrocnemius is shortened, equal to or exceeding
its length of contraction[1].
The prone soleus test is done in a manner similar to the gastrocnemius test, except
the knee is flexed to 90º, this shortens the gastrocnemius and reduces its
activity in the test.
54.10.2     
The origin of the gastrocnemius above
the knee is very important in the muscle’s role in the gait mechanism. As the
knee is extended by quadriceps action, the gastrocnemius is lengthened to its
most advantageous functioning position. Thus the action of the quadriceps
transfers more power to the ankle by the gastrocnemius[2].
Herman and Bragin[3] demonstrated
by electromyography that the gastrocnemius is more sensitive to contractions of
length, strength, and rate of contraction, and the soleus plays a more constant
role. This correlates with the generally acknowledged fact that the
gastrocnemius is a gait mechanism muscle for running, jumping, and quick actions.
It plays its greatest role when the ankle is plantar-flexed in large
contractions and in the rapid development of tension. The soleus, again, plays
a more constant role in postural balance.
54.10.3     
By superimposing electromyograms over
motion pictures of the gait, Sutherland[4]
demonstrated that knee extension in the stance phase of gait cannot be from
quadriceps muscle action. The EMG shows that quadriceps activity stops prior to
knee extension. The plantar flexors are active during knee extension, yet
dorsiflexion of the foot continues. He presents the hypothesis ". . . that
knee extension during the stance phase in ordinary walking on the level is
brought about by the force of the ankle plantar flexors resisting the
dorsiflexion of the ankle, this dorsiflexion being produced by the resultant of
the extrinsic forces (kinetic forces, gravity, and the floor reaction). The
resultant of the extrinsic forces is greater than the intrinsic force, as
manifested by the increasing dorsiflexion of the foot which occurs up until
heel-off' begins."
54.10.4     
The postural position of
hyperextension of the knee in the presence of a weak gastrocnemius compensates
for failure of its normal action in maintaining the knee in a slight degree of
flexion. The medial head of the gastrocnemius is more active than the lateral
in maintaining this position[5].
54.10.5     
The gastrocnemius-soleus combination
is not often tested in applied Kinesiology in reference to its glandular
correlation because of the difficulty in testing these very powerful muscles
with the limited leverage available. The gastrocnemius supplies most of its
information about glandular correlation from the associated tenderness that
usually develops in the muscle when there is adrenal involvement.
54.10.6     
The gastrocnemius is often involved in
athletic injuries on a reactive muscle basis. The muscle dysfunction may be
primary, causing a weakness in another area, or it may be secondary and develop
weakness from another muscle previously contracting. As stated, the Popliteus
and quadriceps are often involved with the gastrocnemius on a reactive muscle
basis. Usually when these muscles are involved, there is a knee disturbance
manifested when running and with consequent cutting action.
54.10.7     
Persistent wearing of high heels may cause
a shortness of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and Achilles tendon. Goniometer
measurement should show 15° dorsiflexion. When there is limited range of
motion, differential diagnosis between shortness of the gastrocnemius and
soleus can be obtained by comparing foot dorsiflexion. If the gastrocnemius is
short and the foot is dorsiflexed, there will be a restriction of knee
extension. If the knee is extended, there will be a restriction of
dorsiflexion.
55     
GASTROCNEMIUS,
PLANTARIS & ANKLE PLANTAR FLEXORS
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Table of Contents References
 
55.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
55.1.1           
Plantar Flexion Muscles
55.1.1.1    
Ankle Joint Plantar Flexors (Tendo
Calcaneus Group)
55.1.1.2    
Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar
Flexors
55.1.1.3    
Toe, Forefoot, and ankle Joint Plantar
Flexors
55.2
Muscle Illustration
55.2.1           

55.2.2           

55.3
Illustration Muscle Test
55.4
Testing Position 
55.4.1           
Standing
55.4.1.1    
Patient may steady themselves with a
hand on the table, but should not take any weight on the hand.
55.4.2           
Prone
55.4.2.1    
Prone
with knee extended, and the foot projecting over the end of the table
55.5
Patient Fixation Requirements 
55.5.1           
Prone
55.5.1.1    
The
weight of the extremity resting on a firm table should be sufficient fixation
of the part
55.6
Test 
55.6.1           
Standing
55.6.1.1    
Patient rises on toes, pushing the
body weight directly upward.
55.6.1.2    
Resistance
55.6.1.2.1                 
Body weight
55.6.2           
Prone
55.6.2.1    
Plantar
flexion of the foot with emphasis on pulling the heel upward more than pushing
the forefoot downward. This test movement does not attempt to isolate the
Gastrocnemius action from other plantar flexors, but the presence or absence of
a Gastrocnemius can be determined by careful observation during the test.
55.7
Pressure 
55.7.1           
Prone
55.7.1.1     For maximum pressure in this position, it is necessary to apply
pressure against the forefoot as well as against the calcaneus. If the muscle
is very weak, pressure against the calcaneus is sufficient.
55.7.1.2    
The
Gastrocnemius usually can be seen and always can be palpated if it is
contracting during the plantar flexion test. Movements of the toes and forefoot
should be observed carefully during the test to detect substitutions. The
patient may be able to flex the anterior part of the foot by toe flexors,
Tibialis posterior, and Peroneus longus without a direct upward pull on the
heel by the Tendo calcaneus. If the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak, the heel
will be pushed up secondary to flexion of the anterior part of the foot
rather than pulled up simultaneously with the flexion of the forepart of
the foot. If pressure is applied to the heel rather than to the ball of the
foot, it is possible to isolate, partially, the
combined action of the Gastrocnemius and Soleus from the other plantar flexors.
Movement of the foot toward eversion or inversion will show imbalance in
opposing lateral and medial muscles and, if pronounced, will show an attempt to
substitute the Peroneals or Tibialis posterior for the Gastrocnemius and
Soleus.
55.7.1.3    
Action of the Gastrocnemius often can
be demonstrated in the knee flexion test when the Hamstrings are weak. In the
prone position with the knee fully extended, the patient is asked to bend the
knee against resistance. If the Gastrocnemius is strong, there will be plantar
flexion at the ankle as the Gastrocnemius acts to initiate knee flexion,
followed by ankle dorsiflexion as the knee flexes.
55.8
Weakness 
55.8.1           
Standing
55.8.1.1    
Inclining the body forward and flexing
the knee is evidence of weakness; the patient dorsiflexes the ankle joint
attempting to clear the heel from the floor by tension of the plantar flexors
as the body weight is thrown forward.
55.8.2           
Prone
55.8.2.1    
Permits
a calcaneus position of the foot if the Gastrocnemius and Soleus are weak. In
standing, results in hyperextension of the knee and inability to rise on toes. In
walking, the inability to transfer weight normally results in a
"Gastrocnemius limp”.
55.9
Shortness/Contracture 
55.9.1           
Standing
55.9.1.1    
Shortness of the Gastrocnemius and
Soleus muscles tends to develop among women who constantly wear high-heeled
shoes.
55.9.2           
Prone
55.9.2.1    
Equinus
position of the foot and flexion of the knee
55.9.2.2    
Restriction
of dorsiflexion of the ankle when the knee is extended, and restriction of knee
extension when the ankle is dorsiflexed. During stance phase in walking_ shortness
limits the normal dorsiflexion of the ankle joint and the subject toes out
during the transfer of weight from heel to forefoot
55.9.2.3    
Because
the Soleus acts to plantar flex the foot, in standing it acts to hold the leg
back in normal alignment with foot. With weakness of the muscle, the
ankle joint dorsiflexes. In standing, this generally is accompanied by some
knee flexion or may be accompanied by a forward inclination of the body as a
whole from the ankles up. A strong Soleus may help compensate for a weak
Quadriceps by pulling the leg back, thus passively extending the knee.
55.9.2.4    
Unlike the Soleus, the Gastrocnemius
passes over the knee joint. It is a flexor of the knee joint and as such is a
stabilizer in helping to prevent hyperextension. While the action of the
Gastrocnemius is the same as the Soleus on the ankle joint, and conceivably weakness could result
in the same change of alignment, as does weakness of the Soleus, this does not
occur. Instead, with Gastrocnemius weakness, the knee tends to hyperextend in
standing.
55.10                  
Graphic Illustration
55.11                  
Video Demonstration
55.12                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
55.12.1     
None
Back
Table of Contents References
 
56.1
Testing Position 
56.1.1           
 
56.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
56.2.1           
 
56.3
Stabilization 
56.3.1           
 
56.4
Test 
56.4.1           
 
56.5
Pressure 
56.5.1           
 
56.6
Weakness 
56.6.1           
 
56.7
Shortness 
56.7.1           
 
56.8
Body Language of Weakness
56.8.1           
Testing Position 
56.8.1.1    
 
56.8.2           
During Test 
56.8.2.1      
56.8.3           
Movement aberrations
56.8.3.1      
56.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
56.8.4.1      
56.9
Alternate Testing Method 
56.9.1           
 
56.10                  
Graphic Illustration
56.11                  
Video Demonstration
56.12    Organ Reflexes
56.12.1     
None
56.13                  
Meridian Association
56.13.1     
 
56.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
56.14.1     
 
56.15                  
Nutritional
56.15.1     
 
56.16                  
General Discussion
56.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
57.1
Testing Position 
57.1.1           
 
57.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
57.2.1           
 
57.3
Stabilization 
57.3.1           
 
57.4
Test 
57.4.1           
 
57.5
Pressure 
57.5.1           
 
57.6
Weakness 
57.6.1           
 
57.7
Shortness 
57.7.1           
 
57.8
Body Language of Weakness
57.8.1           
Testing Position 
57.8.1.1    
 
57.8.2           
During Test 
57.8.2.1      
57.8.3           
Movement aberrations
57.8.3.1      
57.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
57.8.4.1      
57.9
Alternate Testing Method 
57.9.1           
 
57.10                  
Graphic Illustration
57.11                  
Video Demonstration
57.12    Organ Reflexes
57.12.1     
None
57.13                  
Meridian Association
57.13.1     
 
57.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
57.14.1     
 
57.15                  
Nutritional
57.15.1     
 
57.16                  
General Discussion
57.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
58.1
Testing Position 
58.1.1           
 
58.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
58.2.1           
 
58.3
Stabilization 
58.3.1           
 
58.4
Test 
58.4.1           
 
58.5
Pressure 
58.5.1           
 
58.6
Weakness 
58.6.1           
 
58.7
Shortness 
58.7.1           
 
58.8
Body Language of Weakness
58.8.1           
Testing Position 
58.8.1.1    
 
58.8.2           
During Test 
58.8.2.1      
58.8.3           
Movement aberrations
58.8.3.1      
58.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
58.8.4.1      
58.9
Alternate Testing Method 
58.9.1           
 
58.10                  
Graphic Illustration
58.11                  
Video Demonstration
58.12    Organ Reflexes
58.12.1     
None
58.13                  
Meridian Association
58.13.1     
 
58.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
58.14.1     
 
58.15                  
Nutritional
58.15.1     
 
58.16                  
General Discussion
58.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
59.1
Testing Position 
59.1.1           
 
59.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
59.2.1           
 
59.3
Stabilization 
59.3.1           
 
59.4
Test 
59.4.1           
 
59.5
Pressure 
59.5.1           
 
59.6
Weakness 
59.6.1           
 
59.7
Shortness 
59.7.1           
 
59.8
Body Language of Weakness
59.8.1           
Testing Position 
59.8.1.1    
 
59.8.2           
During Test 
59.8.2.1      
59.8.3           
Movement aberrations
59.8.3.1      
59.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
59.8.4.1      
59.9
Alternate Testing Method 
59.9.1           
 
59.10                  
Graphic Illustration
59.11                  
Video Demonstration
59.12    Organ Reflexes
59.12.1     
None
59.13                  
Meridian Association
59.13.1     
 
59.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
59.14.1     
 
59.15                  
Nutritional
59.15.1     
 
59.16                  
General Discussion
59.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
60.1
Testing Position 
60.1.1           
 
60.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
60.2.1           
 
60.3
Stabilization 
60.3.1           
 
60.4
Test 
60.4.1           
 
60.5
Pressure 
60.5.1           
 
60.6
Weakness 
60.6.1           
 
60.7
Shortness 
60.7.1           
 
60.8
Body Language of Weakness
60.8.1           
Testing Position 
60.8.1.1    
 
60.8.2           
During Test 
60.8.2.1      
60.8.3           
Movement aberrations
60.8.3.1      
60.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
60.8.4.1      
60.9
Alternate Testing Method 
60.9.1           
 
60.10                  
Graphic Illustration
60.11                  
Video Demonstration
60.12    Organ Reflexes
60.12.1     
None
60.13                  
Meridian Association
60.13.1     
 
60.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
60.14.1     
 
60.15                  
Nutritional
60.15.1     
 
60.16                  
General Discussion
60.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
61.1
Testing Position 
61.1.1           
 
61.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
61.2.1           
 
61.3
Stabilization 
61.3.1           
 
61.4
Test 
61.4.1           
 
61.5
Pressure 
61.5.1           
 
61.6
Weakness 
61.6.1           
 
61.7
Shortness 
61.7.1           
 
61.8
Body Language of Weakness
61.8.1           
Testing Position 
61.8.1.1    
 
61.8.2           
During Test 
61.8.2.1      
61.8.3           
Movement aberrations
61.8.3.1      
61.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
61.8.4.1      
61.9
Alternate Testing Method 
61.9.1           
 
61.10                  
Graphic Illustration
61.11                  
Video Demonstration
61.12    Organ Reflexes
61.12.1     
None
61.13                  
Meridian Association
61.13.1     
 
61.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
61.14.1     
 
61.15                  
Nutritional
61.15.1     
 
61.16                  
General Discussion
61.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
62.1
Testing Position 
62.1.1           
 
62.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
62.2.1           
 
62.3
Stabilization 
62.3.1           
 
62.4
Test 
62.4.1           
 
62.5
Pressure 
62.5.1           
 
62.6
Weakness 
62.6.1           
 
62.7
Shortness 
62.7.1           
 
62.8
Body Language of Weakness
62.8.1           
Testing Position 
62.8.1.1    
 
62.8.2           
During Test 
62.8.2.1      
62.8.3           
Movement aberrations
62.8.3.1      
62.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
62.8.4.1      
62.9
Alternate Testing Method 
62.9.1           
 
62.10                  
Graphic Illustration
62.11                  
Video Demonstration
62.12    Organ Reflexes
62.12.1     
None
62.13                  
Meridian Association
62.13.1     
 
62.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
62.14.1     
 
62.15                  
Nutritional
62.15.1     
 
62.16                  
General Discussion
62.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
63.1
Testing Position 
63.1.1           
 
63.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
63.2.1           
 
63.3
Stabilization 
63.3.1           
 
63.4
Test 
63.4.1           
 
63.5
Pressure 
63.5.1           
 
63.6
Weakness 
63.6.1           
 
63.7
Shortness 
63.7.1           
 
63.8
Body Language of Weakness
63.8.1           
Testing Position 
63.8.1.1    
 
63.8.2           
During Test 
63.8.2.1      
63.8.3           
Movement aberrations
63.8.3.1      
63.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
63.8.4.1      
63.9
Alternate Testing Method 
63.9.1           
 
63.10                  
Graphic Illustration
63.11                  
Video Demonstration
63.12    Organ Reflexes
63.12.1     
None
63.13                  
Meridian Association
63.13.1     
 
63.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
63.14.1     
 
63.15                  
Nutritional
63.15.1     
 
63.16                  
General Discussion
63.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
64.1
Testing Position 
64.1.1           
 
64.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
64.2.1           
 
64.3
Stabilization 
64.3.1           
 
64.4
Test 
64.4.1           
 
64.5
Pressure 
64.5.1           
 
64.6
Weakness 
64.6.1           
 
64.7
Shortness 
64.7.1           
 
64.8
Body Language of Weakness
64.8.1           
Testing Position 
64.8.1.1    
 
64.8.2           
During Test 
64.8.2.1      
64.8.3           
Movement aberrations
64.8.3.1      
64.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
64.8.4.1      
64.9
Alternate Testing Method 
64.9.1           
 
64.10                  
Graphic Illustration
64.11                  
Video Demonstration
64.12    Organ Reflexes
64.12.1     
None
64.13                  
Meridian Association
64.13.1     
 
64.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
64.14.1     
 
64.15                  
Nutritional
64.15.1     
 
64.16                  
General Discussion
64.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
65.1
Testing Position 
65.1.1           
 
65.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
65.2.1           
 
65.3
Stabilization 
65.3.1           
 
65.4
Test 
65.4.1           
 
65.5
Pressure 
65.5.1           
 
65.6
Weakness 
65.6.1           
 
65.7
Shortness 
65.7.1           
 
65.8
Body Language of Weakness
65.8.1           
Testing Position 
65.8.1.1    
 
65.8.2           
During Test 
65.8.2.1      
65.8.3           
Movement aberrations
65.8.3.1      
65.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
65.8.4.1      
65.9
Alternate Testing Method 
65.9.1           
 
65.10                  
Graphic Illustration
65.11                  
Video Demonstration
65.12    Organ Reflexes
65.12.1     
None
65.13                  
Meridian Association
65.13.1     
 
65.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
65.14.1     
 
65.15                  
Nutritional
65.15.1     
 
65.16                  
General Discussion
65.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
66.1
Testing Position 
66.1.1           
 
66.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
66.2.1           
 
66.3
Stabilization 
66.3.1           
 
66.4
Test 
66.4.1           
 
66.5
Pressure 
66.5.1           
 
66.6
Weakness 
66.6.1           
 
66.7
Shortness 
66.7.1           
 
66.8
Body Language of Weakness
66.8.1           
Testing Position 
66.8.1.1    
 
66.8.2           
During Test 
66.8.2.1      
66.8.3           
Movement aberrations
66.8.3.1      
66.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
66.8.4.1      
66.9
Alternate Testing Method 
66.9.1           
 
66.10                  
Graphic Illustration
66.11                  
Video Demonstration
66.12    Organ Reflexes
66.12.1     
None
66.13                  
Meridian Association
66.13.1     
 
66.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
66.14.1     
 
66.15                  
Nutritional
66.15.1     
 
66.16                  
General Discussion
66.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
67.1
Testing Position 
67.1.1           
 
67.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
67.2.1           
 
67.3
Stabilization 
67.3.1           
 
67.4
Test 
67.4.1           
 
67.5
Pressure 
67.5.1           
 
67.6
Weakness 
67.6.1           
 
67.7
Shortness 
67.7.1           
 
67.8
Body Language of Weakness
67.8.1           
Testing Position 
67.8.1.1    
 
67.8.2           
During Test 
67.8.2.1      
67.8.3           
Movement aberrations
67.8.3.1      
67.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
67.8.4.1      
67.9
Alternate Testing Method 
67.9.1           
 
67.10                  
Graphic Illustration
67.11                  
Video Demonstration
67.12    Organ Reflexes
67.12.1     
None
67.13                  
Meridian Association
67.13.1     
 
67.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
67.14.1     
 
67.15                  
Nutritional
67.15.1     
 
67.16                  
General Discussion
67.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
68.1
Testing Position 
68.1.1           
 
68.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
68.2.1           
 
68.3
Stabilization 
68.3.1           
 
68.4
Test 
68.4.1           
 
68.5
Pressure 
68.5.1           
 
68.6
Weakness 
68.6.1           
 
68.7
Shortness 
68.7.1           
 
68.8
Body Language of Weakness
68.8.1           
Testing Position 
68.8.1.1    
 
68.8.2           
During Test 
68.8.2.1      
68.8.3           
Movement aberrations
68.8.3.1      
68.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
68.8.4.1      
68.9
Alternate Testing Method 
68.9.1           
 
68.10                  
Graphic Illustration
68.11                  
Video Demonstration
68.12    Organ Reflexes
68.12.1     
None
68.13                  
Meridian Association
68.13.1     
 
68.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
68.14.1     
 
68.15                  
Nutritional
68.15.1     
 
68.16                  
General Discussion
68.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
69.1
Testing Position 
69.1.1           
 
69.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
69.2.1           
 
69.3
Stabilization 
69.3.1           
 
69.4
Test 
69.4.1           
 
69.5
Pressure 
69.5.1           
 
69.6
Weakness 
69.6.1           
 
69.7
Shortness 
69.7.1           
 
69.8
Body Language of Weakness
69.8.1           
Testing Position 
69.8.1.1    
 
69.8.2           
During Test 
69.8.2.1      
69.8.3           
Movement aberrations
69.8.3.1      
69.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
69.8.4.1      
69.9
Alternate Testing Method 
69.9.1           
 
69.10                  
Graphic Illustration
69.11                  
Video Demonstration
69.12    Organ Reflexes
69.12.1     
None
69.13                  
Meridian Association
69.13.1     
 
69.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
69.14.1     
 
69.15                  
Nutritional
69.15.1     
 
69.16                  
General Discussion
69.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
70.1
Testing Position 
70.1.1           
 
70.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
70.2.1           
 
70.3
Stabilization 
70.3.1           
 
70.4
Test 
70.4.1           
 
70.5
Pressure 
70.5.1           
 
70.6
Weakness 
70.6.1           
 
70.7
Shortness 
70.7.1           
 
70.8
Body Language of Weakness
70.8.1           
Testing Position 
70.8.1.1    
 
70.8.2           
During Test 
70.8.2.1      
70.8.3           
Movement aberrations
70.8.3.1      
70.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
70.8.4.1      
70.9
Alternate Testing Method 
70.9.1           
 
70.10                  
Graphic Illustration
70.11                  
Video Demonstration
70.12    Organ Reflexes
70.12.1     
None
70.13                  
Meridian Association
70.13.1     
 
70.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
70.14.1     
 
70.15                  
Nutritional
70.15.1     
 
70.16                  
General Discussion
70.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
71.1
Testing Position 
71.1.1           
 
71.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
71.2.1           
 
71.3
Stabilization 
71.3.1           
 
71.4
Test 
71.4.1           
 
71.5
Pressure 
71.5.1           
 
71.6
Weakness 
71.6.1           
 
71.7
Shortness 
71.7.1           
 
71.8
Body Language of Weakness
71.8.1           
Testing Position 
71.8.1.1    
 
71.8.2           
During Test 
71.8.2.1      
71.8.3           
Movement aberrations
71.8.3.1      
71.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
71.8.4.1      
71.9
Alternate Testing Method 
71.9.1           
 
71.10                  
Graphic Illustration
71.11                  
Video Demonstration
71.12    Organ Reflexes
71.12.1     
None
71.13                  
Meridian Association
71.13.1     
 
71.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
71.14.1     
 
71.15                  
Nutritional
71.15.1     
 
71.16                  
General Discussion
71.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
72.1
Testing Position 
72.1.1           
 
72.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
72.2.1           
 
72.3
Stabilization 
72.3.1           
 
72.4
Test 
72.4.1           
 
72.5
Pressure 
72.5.1           
 
72.6
Weakness 
72.6.1           
 
72.7
Shortness 
72.7.1           
 
72.8
Body Language of Weakness
72.8.1           
Testing Position 
72.8.1.1    
 
72.8.2           
During Test 
72.8.2.1      
72.8.3           
Movement aberrations
72.8.3.1      
72.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
72.8.4.1      
72.9
Alternate Testing Method 
72.9.1           
 
72.10                  
Graphic Illustration
72.11                  
Video Demonstration
72.12    Organ Reflexes
72.12.1     
None
72.13                  
Meridian Association
72.13.1     
 
72.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
72.14.1     
 
72.15                  
Nutritional
72.15.1     
 
72.16                  
General Discussion
72.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
73.1
Testing Position 
73.1.1           
 
73.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
73.2.1           
 
73.3
Stabilization 
73.3.1           
 
73.4
Test 
73.4.1           
 
73.5
Pressure 
73.5.1           
 
73.6
Weakness 
73.6.1           
 
73.7
Shortness 
73.7.1           
 
73.8
Body Language of Weakness
73.8.1           
Testing Position 
73.8.1.1    
 
73.8.2           
During Test 
73.8.2.1      
73.8.3           
Movement aberrations
73.8.3.1      
73.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
73.8.4.1      
73.9
Alternate Testing Method 
73.9.1           
 
73.10                  
Graphic Illustration
73.11                  
Video Demonstration
73.12    Organ Reflexes
73.12.1     
None
73.13                  
Meridian Association
73.13.1     
 
73.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
73.14.1     
 
73.15                  
Nutritional
73.15.1     
 
73.16                  
General Discussion
73.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
74.1
Testing Position 
74.1.1           
 
74.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
74.2.1           
 
74.3
Stabilization 
74.3.1           
 
74.4
Test 
74.4.1           
 
74.5
Pressure 
74.5.1           
 
74.6
Weakness 
74.6.1           
 
74.7
Shortness 
74.7.1           
 
74.8
Body Language of Weakness
74.8.1           
Testing Position 
74.8.1.1    
 
74.8.2           
During Test 
74.8.2.1      
74.8.3           
Movement aberrations
74.8.3.1      
74.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
74.8.4.1      
74.9
Alternate Testing Method 
74.9.1           
 
74.10                  
Graphic Illustration
74.11                  
Video Demonstration
74.12    Organ Reflexes
74.12.1     
None
74.13                  
Meridian Association
74.13.1     
 
74.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
74.14.1     
 
74.15                  
Nutritional
74.15.1     
 
74.16                  
General Discussion
74.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
75.1
Testing Position 
75.1.1           
 
75.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
75.2.1           
 
75.3
Stabilization 
75.3.1           
 
75.4
Test 
75.4.1           
 
75.5
Pressure 
75.5.1           
 
75.6
Weakness 
75.6.1           
 
75.7
Shortness 
75.7.1           
 
75.8
Body Language of Weakness
75.8.1           
Testing Position 
75.8.1.1    
 
75.8.2           
During Test 
75.8.2.1      
75.8.3           
Movement aberrations
75.8.3.1      
75.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
75.8.4.1      
75.9
Alternate Testing Method 
75.9.1           
 
75.10                  
Graphic Illustration
75.11                  
Video Demonstration
75.12    Organ Reflexes
75.12.1     
None
75.13                  
Meridian Association
75.13.1     
 
75.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
75.14.1     
 
75.15                  
Nutritional
75.15.1     
 
75.16                  
General Discussion
75.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
76.1
Testing Position 
76.1.1           
 
76.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
76.2.1           
 
76.3
Stabilization 
76.3.1           
 
76.4
Test 
76.4.1           
 
76.5
Pressure 
76.5.1           
 
76.6
Weakness 
76.6.1           
 
76.7
Shortness 
76.7.1           
 
76.8
Body Language of Weakness
76.8.1           
Testing Position 
76.8.1.1    
 
76.8.2           
During Test 
76.8.2.1      
76.8.3           
Movement aberrations
76.8.3.1      
76.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
76.8.4.1      
76.9
Alternate Testing Method 
76.9.1           
 
76.10                  
Graphic Illustration
76.11                  
Video Demonstration
76.12    Organ Reflexes
76.12.1     
None
76.13                  
Meridian Association
76.13.1     
 
76.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
76.14.1     
 
76.15                  
Nutritional
76.15.1     
 
76.16                  
General Discussion
76.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
77.1
Testing Position 
77.1.1           
 
77.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
77.2.1           
 
77.3
Stabilization 
77.3.1           
 
77.4
Test 
77.4.1           
 
77.5
Pressure 
77.5.1           
 
77.6
Weakness 
77.6.1           
 
77.7
Shortness 
77.7.1           
 
77.8
Body Language of Weakness
77.8.1           
Testing Position 
77.8.1.1    
 
77.8.2           
During Test 
77.8.2.1      
77.8.3           
Movement aberrations
77.8.3.1      
77.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
77.8.4.1      
77.9
Alternate Testing Method 
77.9.1           
 
77.10                  
Graphic Illustration
77.11                  
Video Demonstration
77.12    Organ Reflexes
77.12.1     
None
77.13                  
Meridian Association
77.13.1     
 
77.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
77.14.1     
 
77.15                  
Nutritional
77.15.1     
 
77.16                  
General Discussion
77.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
78.1
Testing Position 
78.1.1           
 
78.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
78.2.1           
 
78.3
Stabilization 
78.3.1           
 
78.4
Test 
78.4.1           
 
78.5
Pressure 
78.5.1           
 
78.6
Weakness 
78.6.1           
 
78.7
Shortness 
78.7.1           
 
78.8
Body Language of Weakness
78.8.1           
Testing Position 
78.8.1.1    
 
78.8.2           
During Test 
78.8.2.1      
78.8.3           
Movement aberrations
78.8.3.1      
78.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
78.8.4.1      
78.9
Alternate Testing Method 
78.9.1           
 
78.10                  
Graphic Illustration
78.11                  
Video Demonstration
78.12    Organ Reflexes
78.12.1     
None
78.13                  
Meridian Association
78.13.1     
 
78.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
78.14.1     
 
78.15                  
Nutritional
78.15.1     
 
78.16                  
General Discussion
78.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
79.1
Testing Position 
79.1.1           
 
79.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
79.2.1           
 
79.3
Stabilization 
79.3.1           
 
79.4
Test 
79.4.1           
 
79.5
Pressure 
79.5.1           
 
79.6
Weakness 
79.6.1           
 
79.7
Shortness 
79.7.1           
 
79.8
Body Language of Weakness
79.8.1           
Testing Position 
79.8.1.1    
 
79.8.2           
During Test 
79.8.2.1      
79.8.3           
Movement aberrations
79.8.3.1      
79.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
79.8.4.1      
79.9
Alternate Testing Method 
79.9.1           
 
79.10                  
Graphic Illustration
79.11                  
Video Demonstration
79.12    Organ Reflexes
79.12.1     
None
79.13                  
Meridian Association
79.13.1     
 
79.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
79.14.1     
 
79.15                  
Nutritional
79.15.1     
 
79.16                  
General Discussion
79.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
80.1
Testing Position 
80.1.1           
 
80.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
80.2.1           
 
80.3
Stabilization 
80.3.1           
 
80.4
Test 
80.4.1           
 
80.5
Pressure 
80.5.1           
 
80.6
Weakness 
80.6.1           
 
80.7
Shortness 
80.7.1           
 
80.8
Body Language of Weakness
80.8.1           
Testing Position 
80.8.1.1    
 
80.8.2           
During Test 
80.8.2.1      
80.8.3           
Movement aberrations
80.8.3.1      
80.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
80.8.4.1      
80.9
Alternate Testing Method 
80.9.1           
 
80.10                  
Graphic Illustration
80.11                  
Video Demonstration
80.12    Organ Reflexes
80.12.1     
None
80.13                  
Meridian Association
80.13.1     
 
80.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
80.14.1     
 
80.15                  
Nutritional
80.15.1     
 
80.16                  
General Discussion
80.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
81.1
Testing Position 
81.1.1           
 
81.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
81.2.1           
 
81.3
Stabilization 
81.3.1           
 
81.4
Test 
81.4.1           
 
81.5
Pressure 
81.5.1           
 
81.6
Weakness 
81.6.1           
 
81.7
Shortness 
81.7.1           
 
81.8
Body Language of Weakness
81.8.1           
Testing Position 
81.8.1.1    
 
81.8.2           
During Test 
81.8.2.1      
81.8.3           
Movement aberrations
81.8.3.1      
81.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
81.8.4.1      
81.9
Alternate Testing Method 
81.9.1           
 
81.10                  
Graphic Illustration
81.11                  
Video Demonstration
81.12    Organ Reflexes
81.12.1     
None
81.13                  
Meridian Association
81.13.1     
 
81.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
81.14.1     
 
81.15                  
Nutritional
81.15.1     
 
81.16                  
General Discussion
81.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
82.1
Testing Position 
82.1.1           
 
82.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
82.2.1           
 
82.3
Stabilization 
82.3.1           
 
82.4
Test 
82.4.1           
 
82.5
Pressure 
82.5.1           
 
82.6
Weakness 
82.6.1           
 
82.7
Shortness 
82.7.1           
 
82.8
Body Language of Weakness
82.8.1           
Testing Position 
82.8.1.1    
 
82.8.2           
During Test 
82.8.2.1      
82.8.3           
Movement aberrations
82.8.3.1      
82.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
82.8.4.1      
82.9
Alternate Testing Method 
82.9.1           
 
82.10                  
Graphic Illustration
82.11                  
Video Demonstration
82.12    Organ Reflexes
82.12.1     
None
82.13                  
Meridian Association
82.13.1     
 
82.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
82.14.1     
 
82.15                  
Nutritional
82.15.1     
 
82.16                  
General Discussion
82.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
83.1
Testing Position 
83.1.1           
 
83.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
83.2.1           
 
83.3
Stabilization 
83.3.1           
 
83.4
Test 
83.4.1           
 
83.5
Pressure 
83.5.1           
 
83.6
Weakness 
83.6.1           
 
83.7
Shortness 
83.7.1           
 
83.8
Body Language of Weakness
83.8.1           
Testing Position 
83.8.1.1    
 
83.8.2           
During Test 
83.8.2.1      
83.8.3           
Movement aberrations
83.8.3.1      
83.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
83.8.4.1      
83.9
Alternate Testing Method 
83.9.1           
 
83.10                  
Graphic Illustration
83.11                  
Video Demonstration
83.12    Organ Reflexes
83.12.1     
None
83.13                  
Meridian Association
83.13.1     
 
83.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
83.14.1     
 
83.15                  
Nutritional
83.15.1     
 
83.16                  
General Discussion
83.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
84.1
Testing Position 
84.1.1           
 
84.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
84.2.1           
 
84.3
Stabilization 
84.3.1           
 
84.4
Test 
84.4.1           
 
84.5
Pressure 
84.5.1           
 
84.6
Weakness 
84.6.1           
 
84.7
Shortness 
84.7.1           
 
84.8
Body Language of Weakness
84.8.1           
Testing Position 
84.8.1.1    
 
84.8.2           
During Test 
84.8.2.1      
84.8.3           
Movement aberrations
84.8.3.1      
84.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
84.8.4.1      
84.9
Alternate Testing Method 
84.9.1           
 
84.10                  
Graphic Illustration
84.11                  
Video Demonstration
84.12    Organ Reflexes
84.12.1     
None
84.13                  
Meridian Association
84.13.1     
 
84.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
84.14.1     
 
84.15                  
Nutritional
84.15.1     
 
84.16                  
General Discussion
84.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
85.1
Testing Position 
85.1.1           
 
85.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
85.2.1           
 
85.3
Stabilization 
85.3.1           
 
85.4
Test 
85.4.1           
 
85.5
Pressure 
85.5.1           
 
85.6
Weakness 
85.6.1           
 
85.7
Shortness 
85.7.1           
 
85.8
Body Language of Weakness
85.8.1           
Testing Position 
85.8.1.1    
 
85.8.2           
During Test 
85.8.2.1      
85.8.3           
Movement aberrations
85.8.3.1      
85.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
85.8.4.1      
85.9
Alternate Testing Method 
85.9.1           
 
85.10                  
Graphic Illustration
85.11                  
Video Demonstration
85.12    Organ Reflexes
85.12.1     
None
85.13                  
Meridian Association
85.13.1     
 
85.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
85.14.1     
 
85.15                  
Nutritional
85.15.1     
 
85.16                  
General Discussion
85.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
86.1
Testing Position 
86.1.1           
 
86.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
86.2.1           
 
86.3
Stabilization 
86.3.1           
 
86.4
Test 
86.4.1           
 
86.5
Pressure 
86.5.1           
 
86.6
Weakness 
86.6.1           
 
86.7
Shortness 
86.7.1           
 
86.8
Body Language of Weakness
86.8.1           
Testing Position 
86.8.1.1    
 
86.8.2           
During Test 
86.8.2.1      
86.8.3           
Movement aberrations
86.8.3.1      
86.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
86.8.4.1      
86.9
Alternate Testing Method 
86.9.1           
 
86.10                  
Graphic Illustration
86.11                  
Video Demonstration
86.12    Organ Reflexes
86.12.1     
None
86.13                  
Meridian Association
86.13.1     
 
86.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
86.14.1     
 
86.15                  
Nutritional
86.15.1     
 
86.16                  
General Discussion
86.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
87.1
Testing Position 
87.1.1           
 
87.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
87.2.1           
 
87.3
Stabilization 
87.3.1           
 
87.4
Test 
87.4.1           
 
87.5
Pressure 
87.5.1           
 
87.6
Weakness 
87.6.1           
 
87.7
Shortness 
87.7.1           
 
87.8
Body Language of Weakness
87.8.1           
Testing Position 
87.8.1.1    
 
87.8.2           
During Test 
87.8.2.1      
87.8.3           
Movement aberrations
87.8.3.1      
87.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
87.8.4.1      
87.9
Alternate Testing Method 
87.9.1           
 
87.10                  
Graphic Illustration
87.11                  
Video Demonstration
87.12    Organ Reflexes
87.12.1     
None
87.13                  
Meridian Association
87.13.1     
 
87.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
87.14.1     
 
87.15                  
Nutritional
87.15.1     
 
87.16                  
General Discussion
87.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
88.1
Testing Position 
88.1.1           
 
88.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
88.2.1           
 
88.3
Stabilization 
88.3.1           
 
88.4
Test 
88.4.1           
 
88.5
Pressure 
88.5.1           
 
88.6
Weakness 
88.6.1           
 
88.7
Shortness 
88.7.1           
 
88.8
Body Language of Weakness
88.8.1           
Testing Position 
88.8.1.1    
 
88.8.2           
During Test 
88.8.2.1      
88.8.3           
Movement aberrations
88.8.3.1      
88.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
88.8.4.1      
88.9
Alternate Testing Method 
88.9.1           
 
88.10                  
Graphic Illustration
88.11                  
Video Demonstration
88.12    Organ Reflexes
88.12.1     
None
88.13                  
Meridian Association
88.13.1     
 
88.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
88.14.1     
 
88.15                  
Nutritional
88.15.1     
 
88.16                  
General Discussion
88.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
89.1
Testing Position 
89.1.1           
 
89.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
89.2.1           
 
89.3
Stabilization 
89.3.1           
 
89.4
Test 
89.4.1           
 
89.5
Pressure 
89.5.1           
 
89.6
Weakness 
89.6.1           
 
89.7
Shortness 
89.7.1           
 
89.8
Body Language of Weakness
89.8.1           
Testing Position 
89.8.1.1    
 
89.8.2           
During Test 
89.8.2.1      
89.8.3           
Movement aberrations
89.8.3.1      
89.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
89.8.4.1      
89.9
Alternate Testing Method 
89.9.1           
 
89.10                  
Graphic Illustration
89.11                  
Video Demonstration
89.12    Organ Reflexes
89.12.1     
None
89.13                  
Meridian Association
89.13.1     
 
89.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
89.14.1     
 
89.15                  
Nutritional
89.15.1     
 
89.16                  
General Discussion
89.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
90.1
Testing Position 
90.1.1           
 
90.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
90.2.1           
 
90.3
Stabilization 
90.3.1           
 
90.4
Test 
90.4.1           
 
90.5
Pressure 
90.5.1           
 
90.6
Weakness 
90.6.1           
 
90.7
Shortness 
90.7.1           
 
90.8
Body Language of Weakness
90.8.1           
Testing Position 
90.8.1.1    
 
90.8.2           
During Test 
90.8.2.1      
90.8.3           
Movement aberrations
90.8.3.1      
90.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
90.8.4.1      
90.9
Alternate Testing Method 
90.9.1           
 
90.10                  
Graphic Illustration
90.11                  
Video Demonstration
90.12    Organ Reflexes
90.12.1     
None
90.13                  
Meridian Association
90.13.1     
 
90.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
90.14.1     
 
90.15                  
Nutritional
90.15.1     
 
90.16                  
General Discussion
90.16.1     
 
91     
PERONEUS LONGUS
& BREVIS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
91.1
Individual Muscle Discussion
91.2
Muscle Illustration
91.2.1           

91.2.2           

91.2.3           

91.3
Illustration Muscle Test
91.4
Summary of Overall Test
91.4.1           
Start with the client supine. Assume
we are testing the left foot. Stand facing the medial aspect of the foot. Grab
the leg just above the ankle with your left hand. Grab the outside of the foot
with the palm of your right hand just above the 5th metatarsal. Have the client
plantar flex (Sole downward & Posterior) and evert the foot (sole facing
outward (laterally)) Watch the peroneus longus/brevis tendons articulate (pop
out). The tendons should be clearly visible and in a relatively straight line.
Have the client relax the toes. Use your right hand to rotate the sole inward
(medially). The tendons should pop out more when you do this. Muscle testing is
tricky. It’s like patting your belly and rubbing your head or learning to drive
a clutch car. With practice it’s easy. The rewards are smarter and more
effective treatment.
91.5
Testing Position 
91.5.1           
Supine patient fully plantar flexes the
foot and then everts it to the maximum amount.
91.5.2           
The toes should be kept neutral or in
flexion to limit action of the long muscles of toe flexion and extension. The
testing position should be such that the muscle and tendon progressing behind the
lateral malleolus are in as straight a line as possible.
91.5.3           
Alternate
91.5.3.1     Supine with extremity medially
rotated, or side lying (on opposite side)
91.6
Patient Fixation Requirements 
91.6.1           
The
patient must keep the foot in plantar flexion
91.6.2           
The
examiner supports the leg above the ankle joint
91.7
Stabilization 
91.7.1           
The
examiner stabilizes the leg above the ankle
91.8
Test 
91.8.1           
Eversion of the foot with plantar
flexion of the ankle joint
91.8.2           
Pressure
is directed on the side of the foot in the direction of inversion. The test
must start from the maximum eversion allowed when the foot is in complete
plantar flexion. The range of motion in this test is limited. No dorsiflexion
of the foot should be allowed, nor should there be any flexion or extension of
the toes. The examiner should observe the tendon which courses behind the
external malleolus as evidence of maximum isolation of the muscles.
91.9
Pressure 
91.9.1           
Against the lateral border and sole of
the foot in the direction of inversion of the foot and dorsiflexion of the
ankle joint.
91.10                  
Weakness 
91.10.1     
Decreases the strength of eversion of
the foot and plantar flexion of the ankle joint
91.10.2     
Allows a varus position of the foot
and lessens the ability to rise on the toes.
91.10.3     
Lateral stability of the ankle is
decreased.
91.11                  
Shortness 
91.11.1     
Results in an everted or valgus
position of the foot
91.12                  
Body Language of Weakness
91.12.1     
Testing Position 
91.12.1.1
It is not unusual to have such great
weakness of these muscles that the patient cannot bring the foot into the
testing position.
91.12.2     
During Test 
91.12.2.1 The patient's effort to recruit other muscles
into this test is dramatic, and sometimes extremely difficult to stop. The
patient will attempt dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes. Even
if the examiner prevents the patient from dorsiflexing his foot and extending
the toes by holding the position, the patient's effort will change the test
significantly. If dorsiflexion of the foot or extension of the toes is
allowed, a strong peroneus longus and brevis may be indicated; in reality, the
muscles may be exquisitely weak. In order to eliminate the dorsiflexion and toe
extension, it may be necessary to restart the test several times. Once the
examiner has felt the dramatic difference between testing a weak peroneus
longus and brevis correctly, and the dramatic change the patient can make with
dorsiflexion or toe extension, it becomes much easier to perform this test
properly.
91.12.3     
Movement aberrations
91.12.3.1  
91.12.4     
Postural Imbalance
91.12.4.1 Balance of fhe ankle muscles is best observed
when the patient is supine. Weakness of the peroneus IOl1gus and brevis causes the
foot to invert. An imaginary line extending down the tibial ridge should extend
over the second toe. Weakness of the peroneus longus and brevis causes this
line to be lateral of the second toe or to miss the foot entirely. When
evaluating the structural balance of the foot in the supine position, care must
be taken thal the foot .is not resting on the table in such a manner that the
table !"ressure deviates the foot from its relaxed position. It is best to
have the foot hang over the edge of the table, or be supported by an ankle rest
such as is present on most chiropractic tables.
91.13                  
Alternate Testing Method 
91.13.1     
 
91.14                  
Video Demonstration
91.15                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
91.15.1     
 
91.16                  
General Discussion
91.16.1     
The peroneus longus and brevis are
very important in maintaining normal foot and ankle function, this relates to
the entire gait mechanism of the body. Weakness of these muscles is often due
to foot subluxations. This can be determined by challenging the foot
structures and then re-testing the peroneus longus and brevis for improved
function. These muscles are important lateral ankle stabilizers.
91.16.2      The peroneus longus and brevis may be injured from trauma, such as
when the ankle is twisted. The trauma to the muscle may require
origin/insertion technique or treatment to the proprioceptors of the muscles.
After the ankle strain or sprain has recovered, evaluation of the muscle{s}
should be made for the possible need for treatment. Many recurrent twisted ankles
are due to weakness of these muscles and their failure to recover.
91.16.3     
Muscle testing would help determine
the relative involvement of the peroneus brevis/longus vs. ankle ligaments
after a sprain. If the muscle test hurts, clients may have injured the peroneus
brevis and longus (Tenosynovitis or worse). Muscle testing also helps determine
whether a disc or facet joint problem in the low back is pressing on the motor
nerves (L4-S2) or if there is other nerve impingement of the Superficial
Peroneal Nerve supplying these muscles. Although the muscle test is not diagnostic
of disc involvement or peripheral nerve impingement if muscles are weak it may
be a sign of problems elsewhere. Since both these muscles are associated in
applied kinesiology with the Bladder, muscle testing may also help determine
the functioning of this organ and its associated channel (Eastern Medicine)
91.16.4     
Some consider that the peroneus longus
{and possibly brevis} - acting together with the peroneus tertius and tibialis anterior and
posterior - acts as a sling
mechanism to support the arch. Basmajian et al.5 demonstrated by
electromyography that there was no activity of the peroneus longus when the
static foot was loaded with up to a 400-pound load unless the foot was everted.
In that case, some subjects showed marked or slight activity in the muscle.
Gray,8 in a study of normal feet compared to flat feet, confirmed Basmajian's
findings for normal feet. In the subjects with flat feet, 22 of 27 showed
marked activity in the peroneus longus when the subjects were in a comfortable
standing position, feet spread six inches apart.
91.16.5     
Jonsson and Rundgren12 compared the
function of the peroneus longus and brevis muscles by electromyography. Their
study was unique in that the needle electrodes were confirmed to be in the
appropriate muscle by injecting CO2 gas into the muscle through the insertion
needle, and then evaluatihg by x-ray whether the needle was actually in the
appropriate muscle. They found the muscles to act together qualitatively, but
not necessarily quantitatively. The muscles' action was found to be primarily
foot pronation.
91.16.6     
In weight bearing, with a strong pull
on its insertion at the base of the first metatarsal, the peroneus longus
causes the head of the first metatarsal to be pressed downward into the
supporting surface.
Back
Table of Contents References
 
92.1
Testing Position 
92.1.1           
 
92.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
92.2.1           
 
92.3
Stabilization 
92.3.1           
 
92.4
Test 
92.4.1           
 
92.5
Pressure 
92.5.1           
 
92.6
Weakness 
92.6.1           
 
92.7
Shortness 
92.7.1           
 
92.8
Body Language of Weakness
92.8.1           
Testing Position 
92.8.1.1    
 
92.8.2           
During Test 
92.8.2.1      
92.8.3           
Movement aberrations
92.8.3.1      
92.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
92.8.4.1      
92.9
Alternate Testing Method 
92.9.1           
 
92.10                  
Graphic Illustration
92.11                  
Video Demonstration
92.12    Organ Reflexes
92.12.1     
None
92.13                  
Meridian Association
92.13.1     
 
92.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
92.14.1     
 
92.15                  
Nutritional
92.15.1     
 
92.16                  
General Discussion
92.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
93.1
Testing Position 
93.1.1           
 
93.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
93.2.1           
 
93.3
Stabilization 
93.3.1           
 
93.4
Test 
93.4.1           
 
93.5
Pressure 
93.5.1           
 
93.6
Weakness 
93.6.1           
 
93.7
Shortness 
93.7.1           
 
93.8
Body Language of Weakness
93.8.1           
Testing Position 
93.8.1.1    
 
93.8.2           
During Test 
93.8.2.1      
93.8.3           
Movement aberrations
93.8.3.1      
93.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
93.8.4.1      
93.9
Alternate Testing Method 
93.9.1           
 
93.10                  
Graphic Illustration
93.11                  
Video Demonstration
93.12    Organ Reflexes
93.12.1     
None
93.13                  
Meridian Association
93.13.1     
 
93.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
93.14.1     
 
93.15                  
Nutritional
93.15.1     
 
93.16                  
General Discussion
93.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
94.1
Testing Position 
94.1.1           
 
94.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
94.2.1           
 
94.3
Stabilization 
94.3.1           
 
94.4
Test 
94.4.1           
 
94.5
Pressure 
94.5.1           
 
94.6
Weakness 
94.6.1           
 
94.7
Shortness 
94.7.1           
 
94.8
Body Language of Weakness
94.8.1           
Testing Position 
94.8.1.1    
 
94.8.2           
During Test 
94.8.2.1      
94.8.3           
Movement aberrations
94.8.3.1      
94.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
94.8.4.1      
94.9
Alternate Testing Method 
94.9.1           
 
94.10                  
Graphic Illustration
94.11                  
Video Demonstration
94.12    Organ Reflexes
94.12.1     
None
94.13                  
Meridian Association
94.13.1     
 
94.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
94.14.1     
 
94.15                  
Nutritional
94.15.1     
 
94.16                  
General Discussion
94.16.1     
 
95     
POPLITEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
95.1
Testing Position 
95.1.1           
 
95.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
95.2.1           
 
95.3
Stabilization 
95.3.1           
 
95.4
Test 
95.4.1           
 
95.5
Pressure 
95.5.1           
 
95.6
Weakness 
95.6.1           
 
95.7
Shortness 
95.7.1           
 
95.8
Body Language of Weakness
95.8.1           
Testing Position 
95.8.1.1    
 
95.8.2           
During Test 
95.8.2.1      
95.8.3           
Movement aberrations
95.8.3.1      
95.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
95.8.4.1      
95.9
Alternate Testing Method 
95.9.1           
 
95.10                  
Graphic Illustration
95.11                  
Video Demonstration
95.12    Organ Reflexes
95.12.1     
None
95.13                  
Meridian Association
95.13.1     
 
95.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
95.14.1     
 
95.15                  
Nutritional
95.15.1     
 
95.16                  
General Discussion
95.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
96.1
Testing Position 
96.1.1           
 
96.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
96.2.1           
 
96.3
Stabilization 
96.3.1           
 
96.4
Test 
96.4.1           
 
96.5
Pressure 
96.5.1           
 
96.6
Weakness 
96.6.1           
 
96.7
Shortness 
96.7.1           
 
96.8
Body Language of Weakness
96.8.1           
Testing Position 
96.8.1.1    
 
96.8.2           
During Test 
96.8.2.1      
96.8.3           
Movement aberrations
96.8.3.1      
96.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
96.8.4.1      
96.9
Alternate Testing Method 
96.9.1           
 
96.10                  
Graphic Illustration
96.11                  
Video Demonstration
96.12    Organ Reflexes
96.12.1     
None
96.13                  
Meridian Association
96.13.1     
 
96.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
96.14.1     
 
96.15                  
Nutritional
96.15.1     
 
96.16                  
General Discussion
96.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
97.1
Testing Position 
97.1.1           
 
97.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
97.2.1           
 
97.3
Stabilization 
97.3.1           
 
97.4
Test 
97.4.1           
 
97.5
Pressure 
97.5.1           
 
97.6
Weakness 
97.6.1           
 
97.7
Shortness 
97.7.1           
 
97.8
Body Language of Weakness
97.8.1           
Testing Position 
97.8.1.1    
 
97.8.2           
During Test 
97.8.2.1      
97.8.3           
Movement aberrations
97.8.3.1      
97.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
97.8.4.1      
97.9
Alternate Testing Method 
97.9.1           
 
97.10                  
Graphic Illustration
97.11                  
Video Demonstration
97.12    Organ Reflexes
97.12.1     
None
97.13                  
Meridian Association
97.13.1     
 
97.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
97.14.1     
 
97.15                  
Nutritional
97.15.1     
 
97.16                  
General Discussion
97.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
98.1
Testing Position 
98.1.1           
 
98.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
98.2.1           
 
98.3
Stabilization 
98.3.1           
 
98.4
Test 
98.4.1           
 
98.5
Pressure 
98.5.1           
 
98.6
Weakness 
98.6.1           
 
98.7
Shortness 
98.7.1           
 
98.8
Body Language of Weakness
98.8.1           
Testing Position 
98.8.1.1    
 
98.8.2           
During Test 
98.8.2.1      
98.8.3           
Movement aberrations
98.8.3.1      
98.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
98.8.4.1      
98.9
Alternate Testing Method 
98.9.1           
 
98.10                  
Graphic Illustration
98.11                  
Video Demonstration
98.12    Organ Reflexes
98.12.1     
None
98.13                  
Meridian Association
98.13.1     
 
98.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
98.14.1     
 
98.15                  
Nutritional
98.15.1     
 
98.16                  
General Discussion
98.16.1     
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
99.1
Testing Position 
99.1.1           
 
99.2
Patient Fixation Requirements 
99.2.1           
 
99.3
Stabilization 
99.3.1           
 
99.4
Test 
99.4.1           
 
99.5
Pressure 
99.5.1           
 
99.6
Weakness 
99.6.1           
 
99.7
Shortness 
99.7.1           
 
99.8
Body Language of Weakness
99.8.1           
Testing Position 
99.8.1.1    
 
99.8.2           
During Test 
99.8.2.1      
99.8.3           
Movement aberrations
99.8.3.1      
99.8.4           
Postural Imbalance
99.8.4.1      
99.9
Alternate Testing Method 
99.9.1           
 
99.10                  
Graphic Illustration
99.11                  
Video Demonstration
99.12    Organ Reflexes
99.12.1     
None
99.13                  
Meridian Association
99.13.1     
 
99.14                  
Reactive Muscle Correlation
99.14.1     
 
99.15                  
Nutritional
99.15.1     
 
99.16                  
General Discussion
99.16.1     
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
100.1                  
Testing Position 
100.1.1     
 
100.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
100.2.1     
 
100.3                  
Stabilization 
100.3.1     
 
100.4                  
Test 
100.4.1     
 
100.5                  
Pressure 
100.5.1     
 
100.6                  
Weakness 
100.6.1     
 
100.7                  
Shortness 
100.7.1     
 
100.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
100.8.1     
Testing Position 
100.8.1.1
 
100.8.2     
During Test 
100.8.2.1  
100.8.3     
Movement aberrations
100.8.3.1  
100.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
100.8.4.1  
100.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
100.9.1     
 
100.10           
Graphic Illustration
100.11           
Video Demonstration
100.12                     
Organ Reflexes
100.12.1
None
100.13           
Meridian Association
100.13.1
 
100.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
100.14.1
 
100.15           
Nutritional
100.15.1
 
100.16           
General Discussion
100.16.1
 
101                    
QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS GENERAL
Back
Table of Contents References
 
101.1                  
Testing Position 
101.1.1     
 
101.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
101.2.1     
 
101.3                  
Stabilization 
101.3.1     
 
101.4                  
Test 
101.4.1     
 
101.5                  
Pressure 
101.5.1     
 
101.6                  
Weakness 
101.6.1     
 
101.7                  
Shortness 
101.7.1     
 
101.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
101.8.1     
Testing Position 
101.8.1.1
 
101.8.2     
During Test 
101.8.2.1  
101.8.3     
Movement aberrations
101.8.3.1  
101.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
101.8.4.1  
101.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
101.9.1     
 
101.10           
Graphic Illustration
101.11           
Video Demonstration
101.12                     
Organ Reflexes
101.12.1
None
101.13           
Meridian Association
101.13.1
 
101.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
101.14.1
 
101.15           
Nutritional
101.15.1
 
101.16           
General Discussion
101.16.1
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
102.1                  
Testing Position 
102.1.1     
 
102.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
102.2.1     
 
102.3                  
Stabilization 
102.3.1     
 
102.4                  
Test 
102.4.1     
 
102.5                  
Pressure 
102.5.1     
 
102.6                  
Weakness 
102.6.1     
 
102.7                  
Shortness 
102.7.1     
 
102.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
102.8.1     
Testing Position 
102.8.1.1
 
102.8.2     
During Test 
102.8.2.1  
102.8.3     
Movement aberrations
102.8.3.1  
102.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
102.8.4.1  
102.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
102.9.1     
 
102.10           
Graphic Illustration
102.11           
Video Demonstration
102.12                     
Organ Reflexes
102.12.1
None
102.13           
Meridian Association
102.13.1
 
102.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
102.14.1
 
102.15           
Nutritional
102.15.1
 
102.16           
General Discussion
102.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
103.1                  
Testing Position 
103.1.1     
 
103.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
103.2.1     
 
103.3                  
Stabilization 
103.3.1     
 
103.4                  
Test 
103.4.1     
 
103.5                  
Pressure 
103.5.1     
 
103.6                  
Weakness 
103.6.1     
 
103.7                  
Shortness 
103.7.1     
 
103.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
103.8.1     
Testing Position 
103.8.1.1
 
103.8.2     
During Test 
103.8.2.1  
103.8.3     
Movement aberrations
103.8.3.1  
103.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
103.8.4.1  
103.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
103.9.1     
 
103.10           
Graphic Illustration
103.11           
Video Demonstration
103.12                     
Organ Reflexes
103.12.1
None
103.13           
Meridian Association
103.13.1
 
103.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
103.14.1
 
103.15           
Nutritional
103.15.1
 
103.16           
General Discussion
103.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
104.1                  
Testing Position 
104.1.1     
 
104.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
104.2.1     
 
104.3                  
Stabilization 
104.3.1     
 
104.4                  
Test 
104.4.1     
 
104.5                  
Pressure 
104.5.1     
 
104.6                  
Weakness 
104.6.1     
 
104.7                  
Shortness 
104.7.1     
 
104.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
104.8.1     
Testing Position 
104.8.1.1
 
104.8.2     
During Test 
104.8.2.1  
104.8.3     
Movement aberrations
104.8.3.1  
104.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
104.8.4.1  
104.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
104.9.1     
 
104.10           
Graphic Illustration
104.11           
Video Demonstration
104.12                     
Organ Reflexes
104.12.1
None
104.13           
Meridian Association
104.13.1
 
104.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
104.14.1
 
104.15           
Nutritional
104.15.1
 
104.16           
General Discussion
104.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
105.1                  
Testing Position 
105.1.1     
 
105.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
105.2.1     
 
105.3                  
Stabilization 
105.3.1     
 
105.4                  
Test 
105.4.1     
 
105.5                  
Pressure 
105.5.1     
 
105.6                  
Weakness 
105.6.1     
 
105.7                  
Shortness 
105.7.1     
 
105.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
105.8.1     
Testing Position 
105.8.1.1
 
105.8.2     
During Test 
105.8.2.1  
105.8.3     
Movement aberrations
105.8.3.1  
105.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
105.8.4.1  
105.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
105.9.1     
 
105.10           
Graphic Illustration
105.11           
Video Demonstration
105.12                     
Organ Reflexes
105.12.1
None
105.13           
Meridian Association
105.13.1
 
105.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
105.14.1
 
105.15           
Nutritional
105.15.1
 
105.16           
General Discussion
105.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
106.1                  
Testing Position 
106.1.1     
 
106.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
106.2.1     
 
106.3                  
Stabilization 
106.3.1     
 
106.4                  
Test 
106.4.1     
 
106.5                  
Pressure 
106.5.1     
 
106.6                  
Weakness 
106.6.1     
 
106.7                  
Shortness 
106.7.1     
 
106.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
106.8.1     
Testing Position 
106.8.1.1
 
106.8.2     
During Test 
106.8.2.1  
106.8.3     
Movement aberrations
106.8.3.1  
106.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
106.8.4.1  
106.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
106.9.1     
 
106.10           
Graphic Illustration
106.11           
Video Demonstration
106.12                     
Organ Reflexes
106.12.1
None
106.13           
Meridian Association
106.13.1
 
106.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
106.14.1
 
106.15           
Nutritional
106.15.1
 
106.16           
General Discussion
106.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
107.1                  
Testing Position 
107.1.1     
 
107.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
107.2.1     
 
107.3                  
Stabilization 
107.3.1     
 
107.4                  
Test 
107.4.1     
 
107.5                  
Pressure 
107.5.1     
 
107.6                  
Weakness 
107.6.1     
 
107.7                  
Shortness 
107.7.1     
 
107.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
107.8.1     
Testing Position 
107.8.1.1
 
107.8.2     
During Test 
107.8.2.1  
107.8.3     
Movement aberrations
107.8.3.1  
107.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
107.8.4.1  
107.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
107.9.1     
 
107.10           
Graphic Illustration
107.11           
Video Demonstration
107.12                     
Organ Reflexes
107.12.1
None
107.13           
Meridian Association
107.13.1
 
107.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
107.14.1
 
107.15           
Nutritional
107.15.1
 
107.16           
General Discussion
107.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
108.1                  
Testing Position 
108.1.1     
 
108.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
108.2.1     
 
108.3                  
Stabilization 
108.3.1     
 
108.4                  
Test 
108.4.1     
 
108.5                  
Pressure 
108.5.1     
 
108.6                  
Weakness 
108.6.1     
 
108.7                  
Shortness 
108.7.1     
 
108.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
108.8.1     
Testing Position 
108.8.1.1
 
108.8.2     
During Test 
108.8.2.1  
108.8.3     
Movement aberrations
108.8.3.1  
108.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
108.8.4.1  
108.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
108.9.1     
 
108.10           
Graphic Illustration
108.11           
Video Demonstration
108.12                     
Organ Reflexes
108.12.1
None
108.13           
Meridian Association
108.13.1
 
108.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
108.14.1
 
108.15           
Nutritional
108.15.1
 
108.16           
General Discussion
108.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
109.1                  
Testing Position 
109.1.1     
 
109.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
109.2.1     
 
109.3                  
Stabilization 
109.3.1     
 
109.4                  
Test 
109.4.1     
 
109.5                  
Pressure 
109.5.1     
 
109.6                  
Weakness 
109.6.1     
 
109.7                  
Shortness 
109.7.1     
 
109.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
109.8.1     
Testing Position 
109.8.1.1
 
109.8.2     
During Test 
109.8.2.1  
109.8.3     
Movement aberrations
109.8.3.1  
109.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
109.8.4.1  
109.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
109.9.1     
 
109.10           
Graphic Illustration
109.11           
Video Demonstration
109.12                     
Organ Reflexes
109.12.1
None
109.13           
Meridian Association
109.13.1
 
109.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
109.14.1
 
109.15           
Nutritional
109.15.1
 
109.16           
General Discussion
109.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
110.1                  
Testing Position 
110.1.1     
 
110.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
110.2.1     
 
110.3                  
Stabilization 
110.3.1     
 
110.4                  
Test 
110.4.1     
 
110.5                  
Pressure 
110.5.1     
 
110.6                  
Weakness 
110.6.1     
 
110.7                  
Shortness 
110.7.1     
 
110.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
110.8.1     
Testing Position 
110.8.1.1
 
110.8.2     
During Test 
110.8.2.1  
110.8.3     
Movement aberrations
110.8.3.1  
110.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
110.8.4.1  
110.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
110.9.1     
 
110.10           
Graphic Illustration
110.11           
Video Demonstration
110.12                     
Organ Reflexes
110.12.1
None
110.13           
Meridian Association
110.13.1
 
110.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
110.14.1
 
110.15           
Nutritional
110.15.1
 
110.16           
General Discussion
110.16.1
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
111.1                  
Testing Position 
111.1.1     
 
111.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
111.2.1     
 
111.3                  
Stabilization 
111.3.1     
 
111.4                  
Test 
111.4.1     
 
111.5                  
Pressure 
111.5.1     
 
111.6                  
Weakness 
111.6.1     
 
111.7                  
Shortness 
111.7.1     
 
111.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
111.8.1     
Testing Position 
111.8.1.1
 
111.8.2     
During Test 
111.8.2.1  
111.8.3     
Movement aberrations
111.8.3.1  
111.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
111.8.4.1  
111.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
111.9.1     
 
111.10           
Graphic Illustration
111.11           
Video Demonstration
111.12                     
Organ Reflexes
111.12.1
None
111.13           
Meridian Association
111.13.1
 
111.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
111.14.1
 
111.15           
Nutritional
111.15.1
 
111.16           
General Discussion
111.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
112.1                  
Testing Position 
112.1.1     
 
112.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
112.2.1     
 
112.3                  
Stabilization 
112.3.1     
 
112.4                  
Test 
112.4.1     
 
112.5                  
Pressure 
112.5.1     
 
112.6                  
Weakness 
112.6.1     
 
112.7                  
Shortness 
112.7.1     
 
112.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
112.8.1     
Testing Position 
112.8.1.1
 
112.8.2     
During Test 
112.8.2.1  
112.8.3     
Movement aberrations
112.8.3.1  
112.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
112.8.4.1  
112.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
112.9.1     
 
112.10           
Graphic Illustration
112.11           
Video Demonstration
112.12                     
Organ Reflexes
112.12.1
None
112.13           
Meridian Association
112.13.1
 
112.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
112.14.1
 
112.15           
Nutritional
112.15.1
 
112.16           
General Discussion
112.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
113.1                  
Testing Position 
113.1.1     
 
113.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
113.2.1     
 
113.3                  
Stabilization 
113.3.1     
 
113.4                  
Test 
113.4.1     
 
113.5                  
Pressure 
113.5.1     
 
113.6                  
Weakness 
113.6.1     
 
113.7                  
Shortness 
113.7.1     
 
113.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
113.8.1     
Testing Position 
113.8.1.1
 
113.8.2     
During Test 
113.8.2.1  
113.8.3     
Movement aberrations
113.8.3.1  
113.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
113.8.4.1  
113.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
113.9.1     
 
113.10           
Graphic Illustration
113.11           
Video Demonstration
113.12                     
Organ Reflexes
113.12.1
None
113.13           
Meridian Association
113.13.1
 
113.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
113.14.1
 
113.15           
Nutritional
113.15.1
 
113.16           
General Discussion
113.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
114.1                  
Testing Position 
114.1.1     
 
114.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
114.2.1     
 
114.3                  
Stabilization 
114.3.1     
 
114.4                  
Test 
114.4.1     
 
114.5                  
Pressure 
114.5.1     
 
114.6                  
Weakness 
114.6.1     
 
114.7                  
Shortness 
114.7.1     
 
114.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
114.8.1     
Testing Position 
114.8.1.1
 
114.8.2     
During Test 
114.8.2.1  
114.8.3     
Movement aberrations
114.8.3.1  
114.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
114.8.4.1  
114.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
114.9.1     
 
114.10           
Graphic Illustration
114.11           
Video Demonstration
114.12                     
Organ Reflexes
114.12.1
None
114.13           
Meridian Association
114.13.1
 
114.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
114.14.1
 
114.15           
Nutritional
114.15.1
 
114.16           
General Discussion
114.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
115.1                  
Testing Position 
115.1.1     
 
115.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
115.2.1     
 
115.3                  
Stabilization 
115.3.1     
 
115.4                  
Test 
115.4.1     
 
115.5                  
Pressure 
115.5.1     
 
115.6                  
Weakness 
115.6.1     
 
115.7                  
Shortness 
115.7.1     
 
115.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
115.8.1     
Testing Position 
115.8.1.1
 
115.8.2     
During Test 
115.8.2.1  
115.8.3     
Movement aberrations
115.8.3.1  
115.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
115.8.4.1  
115.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
115.9.1     
 
115.10           
Graphic Illustration
115.11           
Video Demonstration
115.12                     
Organ Reflexes
115.12.1
None
115.13           
Meridian Association
115.13.1
 
115.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
115.14.1
 
115.15           
Nutritional
115.15.1
 
115.16           
General Discussion
115.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
116.1                  
Testing Position 
116.1.1     
 
116.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
116.2.1     
 
116.3                  
Stabilization 
116.3.1     
 
116.4                  
Test 
116.4.1     
 
116.5                  
Pressure 
116.5.1     
 
116.6                  
Weakness 
116.6.1     
 
116.7                  
Shortness 
116.7.1     
 
116.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
116.8.1     
Testing Position 
116.8.1.1
 
116.8.2     
During Test 
116.8.2.1  
116.8.3     
Movement aberrations
116.8.3.1  
116.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
116.8.4.1  
116.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
116.9.1     
 
116.10           
Graphic Illustration
116.11           
Video Demonstration
116.12                     
Organ Reflexes
116.12.1
None
116.13           
Meridian Association
116.13.1
 
116.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
116.14.1
 
116.15           
Nutritional
116.15.1
 
116.16           
General Discussion
116.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
117.1                  
Testing Position 
117.1.1     
 
117.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
117.2.1     
 
117.3                  
Stabilization 
117.3.1     
 
117.4                  
Test 
117.4.1     
 
117.5                  
Pressure 
117.5.1     
 
117.6                  
Weakness 
117.6.1     
 
117.7                  
Shortness 
117.7.1     
 
117.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
117.8.1     
Testing Position 
117.8.1.1
 
117.8.2     
During Test 
117.8.2.1  
117.8.3     
Movement aberrations
117.8.3.1  
117.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
117.8.4.1  
117.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
117.9.1     
 
117.10           
Graphic Illustration
117.11           
Video Demonstration
117.12                     
Organ Reflexes
117.12.1
None
117.13           
Meridian Association
117.13.1
 
117.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
117.14.1
 
117.15           
Nutritional
117.15.1
 
117.16           
General Discussion
117.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
118.1                  
Testing Position 
118.1.1     
 
118.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
118.2.1     
 
118.3                  
Stabilization 
118.3.1     
 
118.4                  
Test 
118.4.1     
 
118.5                  
Pressure 
118.5.1     
 
118.6                  
Weakness 
118.6.1     
 
118.7                  
Shortness 
118.7.1     
 
118.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
118.8.1     
Testing Position 
118.8.1.1
 
118.8.2     
During Test 
118.8.2.1  
118.8.3     
Movement aberrations
118.8.3.1  
118.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
118.8.4.1  
118.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
118.9.1     
 
118.10           
Graphic Illustration
118.11           
Video Demonstration
118.12                     
Organ Reflexes
118.12.1
None
118.13           
Meridian Association
118.13.1
 
118.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
118.14.1
 
118.15           
Nutritional
118.15.1
 
118.16           
General Discussion
118.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
119.1                  
Testing Position 
119.1.1     
 
119.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
119.2.1     
 
119.3                  
Stabilization 
119.3.1     
 
119.4                  
Test 
119.4.1     
 
119.5                  
Pressure 
119.5.1     
 
119.6                  
Weakness 
119.6.1     
 
119.7                  
Shortness 
119.7.1     
 
119.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
119.8.1     
Testing Position 
119.8.1.1
 
119.8.2     
During Test 
119.8.2.1  
119.8.3     
Movement aberrations
119.8.3.1  
119.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
119.8.4.1  
119.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
119.9.1     
 
119.10           
Graphic Illustration
119.11           
Video Demonstration
119.12                     
Organ Reflexes
119.12.1
None
119.13           
Meridian Association
119.13.1
 
119.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
119.14.1
 
119.15           
Nutritional
119.15.1
 
119.16           
General Discussion
119.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
120.1                  
Testing Position 
120.1.1     
 
120.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
120.2.1     
 
120.3                  
Stabilization 
120.3.1     
 
120.4                  
Test 
120.4.1     
 
120.5                  
Pressure 
120.5.1     
 
120.6                  
Weakness 
120.6.1     
 
120.7                  
Shortness 
120.7.1     
 
120.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
120.8.1     
Testing Position 
120.8.1.1
 
120.8.2     
During Test 
120.8.2.1  
120.8.3     
Movement aberrations
120.8.3.1  
120.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
120.8.4.1  
120.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
120.9.1     
 
120.10           
Graphic Illustration
120.11           
Video Demonstration
120.12                     
Organ Reflexes
120.12.1
None
120.13           
Meridian Association
120.13.1
 
120.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
120.14.1
 
120.15           
Nutritional
120.15.1
 
120.16           
General Discussion
120.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
121.1                  
Testing Position 
121.1.1     
 
121.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
121.2.1     
 
121.3                  
Stabilization 
121.3.1     
 
121.4                  
Test 
121.4.1     
 
121.5                  
Pressure 
121.5.1     
 
121.6                  
Weakness 
121.6.1     
 
121.7                  
Shortness 
121.7.1     
 
121.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
121.8.1     
Testing Position 
121.8.1.1
 
121.8.2     
During Test 
121.8.2.1  
121.8.3     
Movement aberrations
121.8.3.1  
121.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
121.8.4.1  
121.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
121.9.1     
 
121.10           
Graphic Illustration
121.11           
Video Demonstration
121.12                     
Organ Reflexes
121.12.1
None
121.13           
Meridian Association
121.13.1
 
121.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
121.14.1
 
121.15           
Nutritional
121.15.1
 
121.16           
General Discussion
121.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
122.1                  
Testing Position 
122.1.1     
 
122.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
122.2.1     
 
122.3                  
Stabilization 
122.3.1     
 
122.4                  
Test 
122.4.1     
 
122.5                  
Pressure 
122.5.1     
 
122.6                  
Weakness 
122.6.1     
 
122.7                  
Shortness 
122.7.1     
 
122.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
122.8.1     
Testing Position 
122.8.1.1
 
122.8.2     
During Test 
122.8.2.1  
122.8.3     
Movement aberrations
122.8.3.1  
122.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
122.8.4.1  
122.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
122.9.1     
 
122.10           
Graphic Illustration
122.11           
Video Demonstration
122.12                     
Organ Reflexes
122.12.1
None
122.13           
Meridian Association
122.13.1
 
122.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
122.14.1
 
122.15           
Nutritional
122.15.1
 
122.16           
General Discussion
122.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
123.1                  
Testing Position 
123.1.1     
 
123.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
123.2.1     
 
123.3                  
Stabilization 
123.3.1     
 
123.4                  
Test 
123.4.1     
 
123.5                  
Pressure 
123.5.1     
 
123.6                  
Weakness 
123.6.1     
 
123.7                  
Shortness 
123.7.1     
 
123.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
123.8.1     
Testing Position 
123.8.1.1
 
123.8.2     
During Test 
123.8.2.1  
123.8.3     
Movement aberrations
123.8.3.1  
123.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
123.8.4.1  
123.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
123.9.1     
 
123.10           
Graphic Illustration
123.11           
Video Demonstration
123.12                     
Organ Reflexes
123.12.1
None
123.13           
Meridian Association
123.13.1
 
123.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
123.14.1
 
123.15           
Nutritional
123.15.1
 
123.16           
General Discussion
123.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
124.1                  
Testing Position 
124.1.1     
 
124.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
124.2.1     
 
124.3                  
Stabilization 
124.3.1     
 
124.4                  
Test 
124.4.1     
 
124.5                  
Pressure 
124.5.1     
 
124.6                  
Weakness 
124.6.1     
 
124.7                  
Shortness 
124.7.1     
 
124.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
124.8.1     
Testing Position 
124.8.1.1
 
124.8.2     
During Test 
124.8.2.1  
124.8.3     
Movement aberrations
124.8.3.1  
124.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
124.8.4.1  
124.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
124.9.1     
 
124.10           
Graphic Illustration
124.11           
Video Demonstration
124.12                     
Organ Reflexes
124.12.1
None
124.13           
Meridian Association
124.13.1
 
124.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
124.14.1
 
124.15           
Nutritional
124.15.1
 
124.16           
General Discussion
124.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
125.1                  
Testing Position 
125.1.1     
 
125.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
125.2.1     
 
125.3                  
Stabilization 
125.3.1     
 
125.4                  
Test 
125.4.1     
 
125.5                  
Pressure 
125.5.1     
 
125.6                  
Weakness 
125.6.1     
 
125.7                  
Shortness 
125.7.1     
 
125.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
125.8.1     
Testing Position 
125.8.1.1
 
125.8.2     
During Test 
125.8.2.1  
125.8.3     
Movement aberrations
125.8.3.1  
125.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
125.8.4.1  
125.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
125.9.1     
 
125.10           
Graphic Illustration
125.11           
Video Demonstration
125.12                     
Organ Reflexes
125.12.1
None
125.13           
Meridian Association
125.13.1
 
125.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
125.14.1
 
125.15           
Nutritional
125.15.1
 
125.16           
General Discussion
125.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
126.1                  
Testing Position 
126.1.1     
 
126.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
126.2.1     
 
126.3                  
Stabilization 
126.3.1     
 
126.4                  
Test 
126.4.1     
 
126.5                  
Pressure 
126.5.1     
 
126.6                  
Weakness 
126.6.1     
 
126.7                  
Shortness 
126.7.1     
 
126.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
126.8.1     
Testing Position 
126.8.1.1
 
126.8.2     
During Test 
126.8.2.1  
126.8.3     
Movement aberrations
126.8.3.1  
126.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
126.8.4.1  
126.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
126.9.1     
 
126.10           
Graphic Illustration
126.11           
Video Demonstration
126.12                     
Organ Reflexes
126.12.1
None
126.13           
Meridian Association
126.13.1
 
126.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
126.14.1
 
126.15           
Nutritional
126.15.1
 
126.16           
General Discussion
126.16.1
 
 
127                    
SOLEUS
Back
Table of Contents References
 
127.1                  
Testing Position 
127.1.1     
 
127.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
127.2.1     
 
127.3                  
Stabilization 
127.3.1     
 
127.4                  
Test 
127.4.1     
 
127.5                  
Pressure 
127.5.1     
 
127.6                  
Weakness 
127.6.1     
 
127.7                  
Shortness 
127.7.1     
 
127.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
127.8.1     
Testing Position 
127.8.1.1
 
127.8.2     
During Test 
127.8.2.1  
127.8.3     
Movement aberrations
127.8.3.1  
127.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
127.8.4.1  
127.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
127.9.1     
 
127.10           
Graphic Illustration
127.11           
Video Demonstration
127.12                     
Organ Reflexes
127.12.1
None
127.13           
Meridian Association
127.13.1
 
127.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
127.14.1
 
127.15           
Nutritional
127.15.1
 
127.16           
General Discussion
127.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
128.1                  
Testing Position 
128.1.1     
 
128.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
128.2.1     
 
128.3                  
Stabilization 
128.3.1     
 
128.4                  
Test 
128.4.1     
 
128.5                  
Pressure 
128.5.1     
 
128.6                  
Weakness 
128.6.1     
 
128.7                  
Shortness 
128.7.1     
 
128.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
128.8.1     
Testing Position 
128.8.1.1
 
128.8.2     
During Test 
128.8.2.1  
128.8.3     
Movement aberrations
128.8.3.1  
128.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
128.8.4.1  
128.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
128.9.1     
 
128.10           
Graphic Illustration
128.11           
Video Demonstration
128.12                     
Organ Reflexes
128.12.1
None
128.13           
Meridian Association
128.13.1
 
128.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
128.14.1
 
128.15           
Nutritional
128.15.1
 
128.16           
General Discussion
128.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
129.1                  
Testing Position 
129.1.1     
 
129.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
129.2.1     
 
129.3                  
Stabilization 
129.3.1     
 
129.4                  
Test 
129.4.1     
 
129.5                  
Pressure 
129.5.1     
 
129.6                  
Weakness 
129.6.1     
 
129.7                  
Shortness 
129.7.1     
 
129.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
129.8.1     
Testing Position 
129.8.1.1
 
129.8.2     
During Test 
129.8.2.1  
129.8.3     
Movement aberrations
129.8.3.1  
129.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
129.8.4.1  
129.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
129.9.1     
 
129.10           
Graphic Illustration
129.11           
Video Demonstration
129.12                     
Organ Reflexes
129.12.1
None
129.13           
Meridian Association
129.13.1
 
129.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
129.14.1
 
129.15           
Nutritional
129.15.1
 
129.16           
General Discussion
129.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
130.1                  
Testing Position 
130.1.1     
 
130.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
130.2.1     
 
130.3                  
Stabilization 
130.3.1     
 
130.4                  
Test 
130.4.1     
 
130.5                  
Pressure 
130.5.1     
 
130.6                  
Weakness 
130.6.1     
 
130.7                  
Shortness 
130.7.1     
 
130.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
130.8.1     
Testing Position 
130.8.1.1
 
130.8.2     
During Test 
130.8.2.1  
130.8.3     
Movement aberrations
130.8.3.1  
130.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
130.8.4.1  
130.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
130.9.1     
 
130.10           
Graphic Illustration
130.11           
Video Demonstration
130.12                     
Organ Reflexes
130.12.1
None
130.13           
Meridian Association
130.13.1
 
130.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
130.14.1
 
130.15           
Nutritional
130.15.1
 
130.16           
General Discussion
130.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
131.1                  
Testing Position 
131.1.1     
 
131.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
131.2.1     
 
131.3                  
Stabilization 
131.3.1     
 
131.4                  
Test 
131.4.1     
 
131.5                  
Pressure 
131.5.1     
 
131.6                  
Weakness 
131.6.1     
 
131.7                  
Shortness 
131.7.1     
 
131.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
131.8.1     
Testing Position 
131.8.1.1
 
131.8.2     
During Test 
131.8.2.1  
131.8.3     
Movement aberrations
131.8.3.1  
131.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
131.8.4.1  
131.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
131.9.1     
 
131.10           
Graphic Illustration
131.11           
Video Demonstration
131.12                     
Organ Reflexes
131.12.1
None
131.13           
Meridian Association
131.13.1
 
131.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
131.14.1
 
131.15           
Nutritional
131.15.1
 
131.16           
General Discussion
131.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
132.1                  
Testing Position 
132.1.1     
 
132.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
132.2.1     
 
132.3                  
Stabilization 
132.3.1     
 
132.4                  
Test 
132.4.1     
 
132.5                  
Pressure 
132.5.1     
 
132.6                  
Weakness 
132.6.1     
 
132.7                  
Shortness 
132.7.1     
 
132.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
132.8.1     
Testing Position 
132.8.1.1
 
132.8.2     
During Test 
132.8.2.1  
132.8.3     
Movement aberrations
132.8.3.1  
132.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
132.8.4.1  
132.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
132.9.1     
 
132.10           
Graphic Illustration
132.11           
Video Demonstration
132.12                     
Organ Reflexes
132.12.1
None
132.13           
Meridian Association
132.13.1
 
132.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
132.14.1
 
132.15           
Nutritional
132.15.1
 
132.16           
General Discussion
132.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
133.1                  
Testing Position 
133.1.1     
 
133.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
133.2.1     
 
133.3                  
Stabilization 
133.3.1     
 
133.4                  
Test 
133.4.1     
 
133.5                  
Pressure 
133.5.1     
 
133.6                  
Weakness 
133.6.1     
 
133.7                  
Shortness 
133.7.1     
 
133.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
133.8.1     
Testing Position 
133.8.1.1
 
133.8.2     
During Test 
133.8.2.1  
133.8.3     
Movement aberrations
133.8.3.1  
133.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
133.8.4.1  
133.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
133.9.1     
 
133.10           
Graphic Illustration
133.11           
Video Demonstration
133.12                     
Organ Reflexes
133.12.1
None
133.13           
Meridian Association
133.13.1
 
133.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
133.14.1
 
133.15           
Nutritional
133.15.1
 
133.16           
General Discussion
133.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
134.1                  
Testing Position 
134.1.1     
 
134.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
134.2.1     
 
134.3                  
Stabilization 
134.3.1     
 
134.4                  
Test 
134.4.1     
 
134.5                  
Pressure 
134.5.1     
 
134.6                  
Weakness 
134.6.1     
 
134.7                  
Shortness 
134.7.1     
 
134.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
134.8.1     
Testing Position 
134.8.1.1
 
134.8.2     
During Test 
134.8.2.1  
134.8.3     
Movement aberrations
134.8.3.1  
134.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
134.8.4.1  
134.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
134.9.1     
 
134.10           
Graphic Illustration
134.11           
Video Demonstration
134.12                     
Organ Reflexes
134.12.1
None
134.13           
Meridian Association
134.13.1
 
134.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
134.14.1
 
134.15           
Nutritional
134.15.1
 
134.16           
General Discussion
134.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
135.1                  
Testing Position 
135.1.1     
 
135.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
135.2.1     
 
135.3                  
Stabilization 
135.3.1     
 
135.4                  
Test 
135.4.1     
 
135.5                  
Pressure 
135.5.1     
 
135.6                  
Weakness 
135.6.1     
 
135.7                  
Shortness 
135.7.1     
 
135.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
135.8.1     
Testing Position 
135.8.1.1
 
135.8.2     
During Test 
135.8.2.1  
135.8.3     
Movement aberrations
135.8.3.1  
135.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
135.8.4.1  
135.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
135.9.1     
 
135.10           
Graphic Illustration
135.11           
Video Demonstration
135.12                     
Organ Reflexes
135.12.1
None
135.13           
Meridian Association
135.13.1
 
135.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
135.14.1
 
135.15           
Nutritional
135.15.1
 
135.16           
General Discussion
135.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
136.1                  
Testing Position 
136.1.1     
 
136.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
136.2.1     
 
136.3                  
Stabilization 
136.3.1     
 
136.4                  
Test 
136.4.1     
 
136.5                  
Pressure 
136.5.1     
 
136.6                  
Weakness 
136.6.1     
 
136.7                  
Shortness 
136.7.1     
 
136.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
136.8.1     
Testing Position 
136.8.1.1
 
136.8.2     
During Test 
136.8.2.1  
136.8.3     
Movement aberrations
136.8.3.1  
136.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
136.8.4.1  
136.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
136.9.1     
 
136.10           
Graphic Illustration
136.11           
Video Demonstration
136.12                     
Organ Reflexes
136.12.1
None
136.13           
Meridian Association
136.13.1
 
136.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
136.14.1
 
136.15           
Nutritional
136.15.1
 
136.16           
General Discussion
136.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
137.1                  
Testing Position 
137.1.1     
 
137.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
137.2.1     
 
137.3                  
Stabilization 
137.3.1     
 
137.4                  
Test 
137.4.1     
 
137.5                  
Pressure 
137.5.1     
 
137.6                  
Weakness 
137.6.1     
 
137.7                  
Shortness 
137.7.1     
 
137.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
137.8.1     
Testing Position 
137.8.1.1
 
137.8.2     
During Test 
137.8.2.1  
137.8.3     
Movement aberrations
137.8.3.1  
137.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
137.8.4.1  
137.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
137.9.1     
 
137.10           
Graphic Illustration
137.11           
Video Demonstration
137.12                     
Organ Reflexes
137.12.1
None
137.13           
Meridian Association
137.13.1
 
137.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
137.14.1
 
137.15           
Nutritional
137.15.1
 
137.16           
General Discussion
137.16.1
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
138.1                  
Testing Position 
138.1.1     
 
138.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
138.2.1     
 
138.3                  
Stabilization 
138.3.1     
 
138.4                  
Test 
138.4.1     
 
138.5                  
Pressure 
138.5.1     
 
138.6                  
Weakness 
138.6.1     
 
138.7                  
Shortness 
138.7.1     
 
138.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
138.8.1     
Testing Position 
138.8.1.1
 
138.8.2     
During Test 
138.8.2.1  
138.8.3     
Movement aberrations
138.8.3.1  
138.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
138.8.4.1  
138.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
138.9.1     
 
138.10           
Graphic Illustration
138.11           
Video Demonstration
138.12                     
Organ Reflexes
138.12.1
None
138.13           
Meridian Association
138.13.1
 
138.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
138.14.1
 
138.15           
Nutritional
138.15.1
 
138.16           
General Discussion
138.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
139.1                  
Testing Position 
139.1.1     
 
139.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
139.2.1     
 
139.3                  
Stabilization 
139.3.1     
 
139.4                  
Test 
139.4.1     
 
139.5                  
Pressure 
139.5.1     
 
139.6                  
Weakness 
139.6.1     
 
139.7                  
Shortness 
139.7.1     
 
139.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
139.8.1     
Testing Position 
139.8.1.1
 
139.8.2     
During Test 
139.8.2.1  
139.8.3     
Movement aberrations
139.8.3.1  
139.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
139.8.4.1  
139.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
139.9.1     
 
139.10           
Graphic Illustration
139.11           
Video Demonstration
139.12                     
Organ Reflexes
139.12.1
None
139.13           
Meridian Association
139.13.1
 
139.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
139.14.1
 
139.15           
Nutritional
139.15.1
 
139.16           
General Discussion
139.16.1
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
140.1                  
Testing Position 
140.1.1     
 
140.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
140.2.1     
 
140.3                  
Stabilization 
140.3.1     
 
140.4                  
Test 
140.4.1     
 
140.5                  
Pressure 
140.5.1     
 
140.6                  
Weakness 
140.6.1     
 
140.7                  
Shortness 
140.7.1     
 
140.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
140.8.1     
Testing Position 
140.8.1.1
 
140.8.2     
During Test 
140.8.2.1  
140.8.3     
Movement aberrations
140.8.3.1  
140.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
140.8.4.1  
140.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
140.9.1     
 
140.10           
Graphic Illustration
140.11           
Video Demonstration
140.12                     
Organ Reflexes
140.12.1
None
140.13           
Meridian Association
140.13.1
 
140.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
140.14.1
 
140.15           
Nutritional
140.15.1
 
140.16           
General Discussion
140.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
141.1                  
Testing Position 
141.1.1     
 
141.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
141.2.1     
 
141.3                  
Stabilization 
141.3.1     
 
141.4                  
Test 
141.4.1     
 
141.5                  
Pressure 
141.5.1     
 
141.6                  
Weakness 
141.6.1     
 
141.7                  
Shortness 
141.7.1     
 
141.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
141.8.1     
Testing Position 
141.8.1.1
 
141.8.2     
During Test 
141.8.2.1  
141.8.3     
Movement aberrations
141.8.3.1  
141.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
141.8.4.1  
141.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
141.9.1     
 
141.10           
Graphic Illustration
141.11           
Video Demonstration
141.12                     
Organ Reflexes
141.12.1
None
141.13           
Meridian Association
141.13.1
 
141.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
141.14.1
 
141.15           
Nutritional
141.15.1
 
141.16           
General Discussion
141.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
142.1                  
Testing Position 
142.1.1     
 
142.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
142.2.1     
 
142.3                  
Stabilization 
142.3.1     
 
142.4                  
Test 
142.4.1     
 
142.5                  
Pressure 
142.5.1     
 
142.6                  
Weakness 
142.6.1     
 
142.7                  
Shortness 
142.7.1     
 
142.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
142.8.1     
Testing Position 
142.8.1.1
 
142.8.2     
During Test 
142.8.2.1  
142.8.3     
Movement aberrations
142.8.3.1  
142.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
142.8.4.1  
142.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
142.9.1     
 
142.10           
Graphic Illustration
142.11           
Video Demonstration
142.12                     
Organ Reflexes
142.12.1
None
142.13           
Meridian Association
142.13.1
 
142.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
142.14.1
 
142.15           
Nutritional
142.15.1
 
142.16           
General Discussion
142.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
143.1                  
Testing Position 
143.1.1     
 
143.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
143.2.1     
 
143.3                  
Stabilization 
143.3.1     
 
143.4                  
Test 
143.4.1     
 
143.5                  
Pressure 
143.5.1     
 
143.6                  
Weakness 
143.6.1     
 
143.7                  
Shortness 
143.7.1     
 
143.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
143.8.1     
Testing Position 
143.8.1.1
 
143.8.2     
During Test 
143.8.2.1  
143.8.3     
Movement aberrations
143.8.3.1  
143.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
143.8.4.1  
143.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
143.9.1     
 
143.10           
Graphic Illustration
143.11           
Video Demonstration
143.12                     
Organ Reflexes
143.12.1
None
143.13           
Meridian Association
143.13.1
 
143.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
143.14.1
 
143.15           
Nutritional
143.15.1
 
143.16           
General Discussion
143.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
144.1                  
Testing Position 
144.1.1     
 
144.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
144.2.1     
 
144.3                  
Stabilization 
144.3.1     
 
144.4                  
Test 
144.4.1     
 
144.5                  
Pressure 
144.5.1     
 
144.6                  
Weakness 
144.6.1     
 
144.7                  
Shortness 
144.7.1     
 
144.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
144.8.1     
Testing Position 
144.8.1.1
 
144.8.2     
During Test 
144.8.2.1  
144.8.3     
Movement aberrations
144.8.3.1  
144.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
144.8.4.1  
144.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
144.9.1     
 
144.10           
Graphic Illustration
144.11           
Video Demonstration
144.12                     
Organ Reflexes
144.12.1
None
144.13           
Meridian Association
144.13.1
 
144.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
144.14.1
 
144.15           
Nutritional
144.15.1
 
144.16           
General Discussion
144.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
145.1                  
Testing Position 
145.1.1     
 
145.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
145.2.1     
 
145.3                  
Stabilization 
145.3.1     
 
145.4                  
Test 
145.4.1     
 
145.5                  
Pressure 
145.5.1     
 
145.6                  
Weakness 
145.6.1     
 
145.7                  
Shortness 
145.7.1     
 
145.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
145.8.1     
Testing Position 
145.8.1.1
 
145.8.2     
During Test 
145.8.2.1  
145.8.3     
Movement aberrations
145.8.3.1  
145.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
145.8.4.1  
145.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
145.9.1     
 
145.10           
Graphic Illustration
145.11           
Video Demonstration
145.12                     
Organ Reflexes
145.12.1
None
145.13           
Meridian Association
145.13.1
 
145.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
145.14.1
 
145.15           
Nutritional
145.15.1
 
145.16           
General Discussion
145.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
146.1                  
Testing Position 
146.1.1     
 
146.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
146.2.1     
 
146.3                  
Stabilization 
146.3.1     
 
146.4                  
Test 
146.4.1     
 
146.5                  
Pressure 
146.5.1     
 
146.6                  
Weakness 
146.6.1     
 
146.7                  
Shortness 
146.7.1     
 
146.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
146.8.1     
Testing Position 
146.8.1.1
 
146.8.2     
During Test 
146.8.2.1  
146.8.3     
Movement aberrations
146.8.3.1  
146.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
146.8.4.1  
146.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
146.9.1     
 
146.10           
Graphic Illustration
146.11           
Video Demonstration
146.12                     
Organ Reflexes
146.12.1
None
146.13           
Meridian Association
146.13.1
 
146.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
146.14.1
 
146.15           
Nutritional
146.15.1
 
146.16           
General Discussion
146.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
147.1                  
Testing Position 
147.1.1     
 
147.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
147.2.1     
 
147.3                  
Stabilization 
147.3.1     
 
147.4                  
Test 
147.4.1     
 
147.5                  
Pressure 
147.5.1     
 
147.6                  
Weakness 
147.6.1     
 
147.7                  
Shortness 
147.7.1     
 
147.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
147.8.1     
Testing Position 
147.8.1.1
 
147.8.2     
During Test 
147.8.2.1  
147.8.3     
Movement aberrations
147.8.3.1  
147.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
147.8.4.1  
147.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
147.9.1     
 
147.10           
Graphic Illustration
147.11           
Video Demonstration
147.12                     
Organ Reflexes
147.12.1
None
147.13           
Meridian Association
147.13.1
 
147.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
147.14.1
 
147.15           
Nutritional
147.15.1
 
147.16           
General Discussion
147.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
148.1                  
Testing Position 
148.1.1     
 
148.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
148.2.1     
 
148.3                  
Stabilization 
148.3.1     
 
148.4                  
Test 
148.4.1     
 
148.5                  
Pressure 
148.5.1     
 
148.6                  
Weakness 
148.6.1     
 
148.7                  
Shortness 
148.7.1     
 
148.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
148.8.1     
Testing Position 
148.8.1.1
 
148.8.2     
During Test 
148.8.2.1  
148.8.3     
Movement aberrations
148.8.3.1  
148.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
148.8.4.1  
148.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
148.9.1     
 
148.10           
Graphic Illustration
148.11           
Video Demonstration
148.12                     
Organ Reflexes
148.12.1
None
148.13           
Meridian Association
148.13.1
 
148.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
148.14.1
 
148.15           
Nutritional
148.15.1
 
148.16           
General Discussion
148.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
149.1                  
Testing Position 
149.1.1     
 
149.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
149.2.1     
 
149.3                  
Stabilization 
149.3.1     
 
149.4                  
Test 
149.4.1     
 
149.5                  
Pressure 
149.5.1     
 
149.6                  
Weakness 
149.6.1     
 
149.7                  
Shortness 
149.7.1     
 
149.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
149.8.1     
Testing Position 
149.8.1.1
 
149.8.2     
During Test 
149.8.2.1  
149.8.3     
Movement aberrations
149.8.3.1  
149.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
149.8.4.1  
149.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
149.9.1     
 
149.10           
Graphic Illustration
149.11           
Video Demonstration
149.12                     
Organ Reflexes
149.12.1
None
149.13           
Meridian Association
149.13.1
 
149.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
149.14.1
 
149.15           
Nutritional
149.15.1
 
149.16           
General Discussion
149.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
150.1                  
Testing Position 
150.1.1     
 
150.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
150.2.1     
 
150.3                  
Stabilization 
150.3.1     
 
150.4                  
Test 
150.4.1     
 
150.5                  
Pressure 
150.5.1     
 
150.6                  
Weakness 
150.6.1     
 
150.7                  
Shortness 
150.7.1     
 
150.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
150.8.1     
Testing Position 
150.8.1.1
 
150.8.2     
During Test 
150.8.2.1  
150.8.3     
Movement aberrations
150.8.3.1  
150.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
150.8.4.1  
150.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
150.9.1     
 
150.10           
Graphic Illustration
150.11           
Video Demonstration
150.12                     
Organ Reflexes
150.12.1
None
150.13           
Meridian Association
150.13.1
 
150.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
150.14.1
 
150.15           
Nutritional
150.15.1
 
150.16           
General Discussion
150.16.1
 
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
151.1                  
Testing Position 
151.1.1     
 
151.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
151.2.1     
 
151.3                  
Stabilization 
151.3.1     
 
151.4                  
Test 
151.4.1     
 
151.5                  
Pressure 
151.5.1     
 
151.6                  
Weakness 
151.6.1     
 
151.7                  
Shortness 
151.7.1     
 
151.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
151.8.1     
Testing Position 
151.8.1.1
 
151.8.2     
During Test 
151.8.2.1  
151.8.3     
Movement aberrations
151.8.3.1  
151.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
151.8.4.1  
151.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
151.9.1     
 
151.10           
Graphic Illustration
151.11           
Video Demonstration
151.12                     
Organ Reflexes
151.12.1
None
151.13           
Meridian Association
151.13.1
 
151.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
151.14.1
 
151.15           
Nutritional
151.15.1
 
151.16           
General Discussion
151.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
152.1                  
Testing Position 
152.1.1     
 
152.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
152.2.1     
 
152.3                  
Stabilization 
152.3.1     
 
152.4                  
Test 
152.4.1     
 
152.5                  
Pressure 
152.5.1     
 
152.6                  
Weakness 
152.6.1     
 
152.7                  
Shortness 
152.7.1     
 
152.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
152.8.1     
Testing Position 
152.8.1.1
 
152.8.2     
During Test 
152.8.2.1  
152.8.3     
Movement aberrations
152.8.3.1  
152.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
152.8.4.1  
152.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
152.9.1     
 
152.10           
Graphic Illustration
152.11           
Video Demonstration
152.12                     
Organ Reflexes
152.12.1
None
152.13           
Meridian Association
152.13.1
 
152.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
152.14.1
 
152.15           
Nutritional
152.15.1
 
152.16           
General Discussion
152.16.1
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
153.1                  
Testing Position 
153.1.1     
 
153.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
153.2.1     
 
153.3                  
Stabilization 
153.3.1     
 
153.4                  
Test 
153.4.1     
 
153.5                  
Pressure 
153.5.1     
 
153.6                  
Weakness 
153.6.1     
 
153.7                  
Shortness 
153.7.1     
 
153.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
153.8.1     
Testing Position 
153.8.1.1
 
153.8.2     
During Test 
153.8.2.1  
153.8.3     
Movement aberrations
153.8.3.1  
153.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
153.8.4.1  
153.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
153.9.1     
 
153.10           
Graphic Illustration
153.11           
Video Demonstration
153.12                     
Organ Reflexes
153.12.1
None
153.13           
Meridian Association
153.13.1
 
153.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
153.14.1
 
153.15           
Nutritional
153.15.1
 
153.16           
General Discussion
153.16.1
 
154                    
 
Back
Table of Contents References
 
154.1                  
Testing Position 
154.1.1     
 
154.2                  
Patient Fixation Requirements 
154.2.1     
 
154.3                  
Stabilization 
154.3.1     
 
154.4                  
Test 
154.4.1     
 
154.5                  
Pressure 
154.5.1     
 
154.6                  
Weakness 
154.6.1     
 
154.7                  
Shortness 
154.7.1     
 
154.8                  
Body Language of Weakness
154.8.1     
Testing Position 
154.8.1.1
 
154.8.2     
During Test 
154.8.2.1  
154.8.3     
Movement aberrations
154.8.3.1  
154.8.4     
Postural Imbalance
154.8.4.1  
154.9                  
Alternate Testing Method 
154.9.1     
 
154.10           
Graphic Illustration
154.11           
Video Demonstration
154.12                     
Organ Reflexes
154.12.1
None
154.13           
Meridian Association
154.13.1
 
154.14           
Reactive Muscle Correlation
154.14.1
 
154.15           
Nutritional
154.15.1
 
154.16           
General Discussion
154.16.1
 
155