Muscle Discussions
Copyright Feb
2003 Ted Nissen.
1 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT)
1name
2 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)
13 BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)
17 BULBOCAVERNOSUS
(BULBOSPONGIOSUS)
19 COCCYGEUS (ISCHIOCOCCYGEUS)
22 CRICOARYTENOID LATERAL &
POSTERIOR
32 DIGASTRIC ANT & POST BELLY
(SUPRAHYOID)
36 EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS
37 EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
48 EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=ANT
DIV
49 EXTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE=LAT
DIV
52 EXTRINSIC AURICULAR MUSCLES
55 FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS
(FOOT)
56 FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI BREVIS
(HAND)
60 FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
67 GEMELLUS INFERIOR (1 of 6
Deep Lateral Rotators of Femur)
68 GEMELLUS SUPERIOR (1 of 6
Deep Lateral Rotators of Femur)
82 INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL LINGUALIS
84 INFERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR
86 INFRASPINATUS (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
87 INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE (Anterior
Division)
88 INTERNAL ABDOMINAL OBLIQUE
(Lateral Division)
92 INTRINSIC AURICULAR MUSCLES
98 LEVATOR ANGULI ORIS(CANINUS)
99 LEVATOR ANI, ILIAC PART(ILIOCOCCYGEUS)
100 LEVATOR ANI, PUBIC
PART(PUBOCOCCYGEUS)
102 LEVATOR LABII SUPERIORIS ALAEQUE
NASI
103 LEVATOR PALPEBRAE SUPERIORIS
120 MIDDLE PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR
125 NASALIS (COMPRESSOR & DILATOR
NARIS)
126 OBLIQUE ARYTENOID &
ARYEPIGLOTTICUS
129 OBTURATOR EXTERNUS (1 of 6
Deep Lateral Rotators of Femur)
130 OBTURATOR INTERNUS (1 of 6
Deep Lateral Rotators of Femur)
132 OMOHYOID SUPERIOR & INFERIOR
(INFRAHYOID)
137 PALATOGLOSSUS (Palatoglossal
arch; Anterior pillar)
138 PALATOPHARYNGEUS
(Palatopharyngeal arch; Posterior pillar)
143 PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICULAR
149 PIRIFORMIS (1 of 6 Deep
Lateral Rotators of Femur)
161 QUADRATUS FEMORIS (1 of 6 Deep
Lateral Rotators of the Femur)
164 RECTUS ABDOMINIS (4 Divisions as
1)
167 RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MAJOR
168 RECTUS CAPITIS POSTERIOR MINOR
169 RECTUS FEMORIS (Quadriceps
Femoris) (1 of 4 Quadriceps)
180 SEMIMEMBRANOSUS (Medial
Hamstring)
184 SEMITENDINOSUS (Medial
Hamstring)
186 SERRATUS POSTERIOR INFERIOR
187 SERRATUS POSTERIOR SUPERIOR
200 STERNOTHYROID (INFRAHYOID)
205 SUBSCAPULARIS (Rotator Cuff
Muscle)
206 SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEUS
(SUPERFICIALIS)
207 SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL LINGUALIS
209 SUPERIOR PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTOR
212 SUPRASPINATUS (Rotator Cuff
Muscle)
218 TERES MINOR (Rotator Cuff Muscle)
219 THYROARYTENOID VOCALIS &
THYROEPIGLOTTICUS
225 TRANSVERSE LINGUALIS (BODY OF TONGUE)
226 TRANSVERSE PERINEUS (PROFUNDUS)
227 TRAPEZIUS LOWER (Lower Division)
232 VASTUS INTERMEDIUS (QUADRICEPS
FEMORIS) (1 of 4 Quadriceps)
233 VASTUS LATERALIS (Quadriceps
Femoris) (1 of 4 Quadriceps)
234 VASTUS MEDIALIS (Quadriceps
Femoris) (1 of 4 Quadriceps)
235 VERTICAL LINGUALIS (BODY OF
TONGUE)
1 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (FOOT) 1name
Back Table of
Contents Illustration
1.1 Word Derivation
1.1.1 Abductor=Moves part away from midline
1.1.2 Digit=Finger or toe
1.1.3 Minimi= Little finger or toe
1.2 Origin
1.2.1 Medial and lateral processes of the tuberosity of calcaneus
1.3 Insertion
1.3.1 Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the fifth toe
1.4 Action
1.4.1 Abducts the fifth toe away from the fourth toe
1.5 Nerve Supply
1.5.1 Nerve
1.5.1.1 Lateral plantar nerve
1.5.2 Roots
1.5.2.1 S2
1.5.2.2 S3
1.6 Synergists
1.6.1 None
1.7 Category
1.7.1 Intrinsic Foot Plantar First Superficial Layer (IFP1)
1.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
1.8.1 Plantar View (First Plantar Layer)
2 ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI (HAND)
2.1 Word Derivation
2.1.1 Abductor=Moves part away from midline
2.1.2 Digit=Finger or toe
2.1.3 Minimi= Little finger or toe
2.2 Origin
2.2.1 Pisiform bone
2.2.2 Tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris
2.3 Insertion
2.3.1 Two slips
2.3.1.1 Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger
2.3.1.2 Ulnar border of the extensor expansion of the finger
2.4 Action
2.4.1 Abducts the little finger
2.4.2 Assists in flexing its proximal phalanx at the metacarpophalangeal joint
2.5 Nerve Supply
2.5.1 Nerve
2.5.1.1 Ulnar (Deep Branch)
2.5.2 Roots
2.5.2.1 C8
2.5.2.2 T1
2.6 Synergists
2.6.1 Flexor digiti minimi brevis
2.6.2 Opponens digiti minimi
2.7 Category
2.7.1 Intrinsic Hand Hypothenar (IHH)
2.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
2.8.1 Anterior
3 ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS
3.1 Word Derivation
3.1.1 Abductor=Moves part away from midline
3.1.2 Hallucis= Hallux or Great toe
3.2 Origin
3.2.1 Medial process of tuberosity of the calcaneus
3.2.2 Flexor retinaculum
3.2.3 Plantar aponeurosis
3.2.4 Intermuscular septum
3.3 Insertion
3.3.1 Medial tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis
3.3.2 Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
3.4 Action
3.4.1 Abducts the big toe from the mid line of the foot
3.5 Nerve Supply
3.5.1 Nerve
3.5.1.1 Medial plantar
3.5.2 Roots
3.5.2.1 S2
3.5.2.2 S3
3.6 Synergists
3.6.1 None
3.7 Category
3.7.1 Intrinsic Foot Plantar First Superficial Layer (IFP1)
3.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
3.8.1 Plantar View (First Plantar Layer)
4 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS
4.1 Word Derivation
4.1.1 Abductor=Moves part away from midline
4.1.2 Pollex= Thumb
4.1.3 Brevis=Short
4.2 Origin
4.2.1 Flexor retinaculum
4.2.2 Tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium
4.3 Insertion
4.3.1 Radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
4.4 Action
4.4.1 Abduction of the proximal phalanx and the metacarpal of the thumb
4.4.2 Medial rotation of the proximal phalanx and the metacarpal of the thumb
4.5 Nerve Supply
4.5.1 Nerve
4.5.1.1 Median
4.5.2 Roots
4.5.2.1 C8
4.5.2.2 T1
4.6 Synergists
4.6.1 Abductor pollicis longus
4.6.2 Extensor pollicis brevis
4.7 Category
4.7.1 Intrinsic Hand Thenar (ITT)
4.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
4.8.1 Anterior View
5 ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS
5.1 Word Derivation
5.1.1 Abductor=Moves part away from midline
5.1.2 Pollex= Thumb
5.1.3 Longus=Long
5.2 Origin
5.2.1 Small facet of the ulnar side of the radius near its middle
5.2.2 Lateral side of the dorsal surface on the body of the ulna just below the insertion of the anconeus and the interosseous membrane
5.3 Insertion
5.3.1 The radial side of the base of the first metacarpal
5.4 Action
5.4.1 Abducts the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
5.4.2 Assists in extension of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
5.5 Nerve Supply
5.5.1 Nerve
5.5.1.1 Posterior interosseous nerve (deep radial nerve)
5.5.2 Roots
5.5.2.1 C7
5.5.2.2 C8
5.6 Synergists
5.6.1 Abductor pollicis brevis
5.6.2 Extensor pollicis brevis
5.7 Category
5.7.1 Wrist, Hand, and Fingers Posterior Extensors Deep (WHFPED)
5.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
5.8.1 Posterior
6 ADDUCTOR BREVIS
6.1 Word Derivation
6.1.1 Adductor=Moves part towards the midline
6.1.2 Brevis=Short
6.2 Origin
6.2.1 Outer surface of body and inferior ramus of pubis
6.3 Insertion
6.3.1 On a line extending from lesser trochanter to upper part of linea aspera
6.4 Action
6.4.1 Hip adduction
6.4.2 Hip flexion
6.4.3 Hip medial rotation
6.5 Nerve Supply
6.5.1 Nerve
6.5.1.1 Obturator
6.5.2 Roots
6.5.2.1 L2
6.5.2.2 L3
6.5.2.3 L4
6.6 Synergists
6.6.1 Adductor magnus
6.6.2 Adductor longus
6.6.3 Gracilis
6.6.4 Pectineus
6.7 Category
6.7.1 Thigh Adductor Compartment (TAD)
6.8 View (When Illustrated Individually)
6.8.1 Anterior
7 ADDUCTOR HALLUCIS
7.1 Word Derivation
7.1.1 Adductor=Moves part towards the midline
7.1.2 Hallucis= Hallux or Great toe
7.2 Origin
7.2.1 Oblique head
7.2.1.1 Bases of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
7.2.2 Transverse head
7.2.2.1 Plantar Metatarsophalangeal ligaments of the 3rd, 4th and 5th toes
7.2.2.2 Deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
7.3 Insertion
7.3.1 Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of big toe
7.4 Action
7.4.1 Adducts the big toe towards the 2nd toe
7.5 Joints
7.5.1 Metatarsophalangeal joint of big toe
7.6 Nerve Supply
7.6.1 Nerve
7.6.1.1 Lateral plantar nerve
7.6.2 Roots
7.6.2.1 S2
7.6.2.2 S3
7.7 Synergists
7.7.1
7.8 Category
7.8.1 Intrinsic Foot Plantar Third Layer (IFP3)
7.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
7.9.1 Plantar
8 ADDUCTOR LONGUS
8.1 Word Derivation
8.1.1 Adductor=Moves part towards the midline
8.1.2 Longus=Long
8.2 Origin
8.2.1 Front of pubis in angle between crest and symphysis
8.3 Insertion
8.3.1 Middle 1/3 of medial lip of linea aspera
8.4 Joints
8.4.1 Hip
8.5 Action
8.5.1 Adduction
8.5.2 Flexion
8.5.3 Medial rotation
8.6 Nerve Supply
8.6.1 Nerve
8.6.1.1 Obturator
8.6.2 Roots
8.6.2.1 L2
8.6.2.2 L3
8.6.2.3 L4
8.7 Synergists
8.7.1 Gracilis
8.7.2 Adductor magnus
8.7.3 Pectineus
8.7.4 Adductor brevis
8.8 Category
8.8.1 Thigh Adductor Compartment (TAD)
8.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
8.9.1 Anterior
9 ADDUCTOR MAGNUS
9.1 Word Derivation
9.1.1 Adductor=Moves part towards the midline
9.1.2 Magnus=Large
9.2 Origin
9.2.1 POSTERIOR FIBERS
9.2.1.1 Ischial tuberosity
9.2.2 ANTERIOR FIBERS
9.2.2.1 Ramus of ischium
9.2.2.2 Pubis
9.3 Insertion
9.3.1 Line extending from the gluteal tuberosity along the linea aspera
9.3.2 Medial supracondylar line
9.3.3 Adductor tubercle on medial condyle of femur
9.4 Joints
9.4.1 Hip
9.5 Action
9.5.1 Adduction
9.5.2 Extension
9.5.2.1 . Note
9.5.2.1.1 Fibers arising from ischium and ramus of ischium primarily
insert distally and aid in hip extension
9.5.3 Flexion
9.5.3.1 Note
9.5.3.1.1 Fibers arising from ramus of pubis insert proximally and aid in hip flexion.
9.5.4 Medial rotation
9.6 Nerve Supply
9.6.1 Posterior fibers
9.6.1.1 Nerve
9.6.1.1.1 Tibial portion of sciatic
9.6.1.2 Roots
9.6.1.2.1 L4
9.6.1.2.2 L5
9.6.1.2.3 S1
9.6.2 Anterior fibers
9.6.2.1 Nerve
9.6.2.1.1 Obturator
9.6.2.2 Roots
9.6.2.2.1 L2
9.6.2.2.2 L3
9.6.2.2.3 L4
9.7 Synergists
9.7.1 Adductor brevis
9.7.2 Adductor longus
9.7.3 Pectineus
9.7.4 Gracilis
9.8 Category
9.8.1 Thigh Adductor Compartment (TAD)
9.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
9.9.1 Anterior
10 ADDUCTOR POLLICIS
10.1 Word Derivation
10.1.1 Adductor=Moves part towards the midline
10.1.2 Pollex= Thumb
10.2 Origin
10.2.1 OBLIQUE HEAD
10.2.1.1 Capitate bone
10.2.1.2 Bases of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
10.2.2 TRANSVERSE HEAD
10.2.2.1 Distal 2/3 of the palmar surface of the 3rd metacarpal bone
10.3 Insertion
10.3.1 Two heads converge to insert on the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb
10.4 Joints
10.4.1 Carpometacarpal (CMJ)
10.4.2 Metacarpophalangeal (MPJ)
10.5 Action
10.5.1 Adduction (1st CMJ) (Thumb)
10.5.2 Adduction (1st MPJ) (Thumb)
10.5.3 Flexion (1st MPJ) (Thumb)
10.6 Nerve Supply
10.6.1 Nerve
10.6.1.1 Ulnar (Deep branch)
10.6.2 Roots
10.6.2.1 C8
10.6.2.2 T1
10.7 Synergists
10.7.1 Flexor pollicis brevis
10.7.2 Flexor pollicis longus
10.7.3 Opponens pollicis
10.8 Category
10.8.1 Intrinsic Hand Thenar (IHT)
10.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
10.9.1 Anterior
11 ANCONEUS
11.1 Word Derivation
11.1.1 Anconeal=Pertaining to elbow
11.2 Origin
11.2.1 Posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus
11.3 Insertion
11.3.1 Lateral side of olecranon process
11.3.2 Posterior surface of proximal portion of ulna
11.4 Joints
11.4.1 Elbow
11.4.2 Radioulnar (RU)
11.5 Action
11.5.1 Extension (Elbow)
11.5.2 Pronation (RU)
11.6 Nerve Supply
11.6.1 Nerve
11.6.1.1 Radial
11.6.2 Roots
11.6.2.1 C7
11.6.2.2 C8
11.6.2.3 T1
11.7 Synergists
11.7.1 Triceps Brachii
11.8 Category
11.8.1 Forearm Extensors (FAE)
11.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
11.9.1 Posterior
12 BICEPS BRACHII
12.1 Word Derivation
12.1.1 Biceps=Two heads of origin
12.1.2 Brachion=Arm
12.2 Origin
12.2.1 Long head
12.2.1.1 Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
12.2.2 Short head
12.2.2.1 Apex of coracoid process of the scapula
12.3 Insertion
12.3.1 Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
12.4 Joints
12.4.1 Glenohumeral (GH)
12.4.2 Elbow
12.4.3 Radioulnar (RU)
12.5 Action
12.5.1 Flexion (Elbow)
12.5.2 Supination (RU)
12.5.3 Flexion (GH)
12.5.4 Reversed origin-insertion action
12.5.4.1 Both heads of the biceps brachii are active during flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint, with the long head being more active.
12.6 Nerve Supply
12.6.1 Nerve
12.6.1.1 Musculocutaneous
12.6.1.1.1
Separate
branches to each head
12.6.2
Roots
12.6.2.1 C5
12.6.2.2 C6
12.7 Synergists
12.7.1 Brachialis
12.7.2 Brachioradialis
12.7.3 Supinator
12.8 Category
12.8.1 Forearm Flexors (FAF)
12.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
12.9.1 Anterior
13 BICEPS FEMORIS (Lateral Hamstring)
13.1 Word Derivation
13.1.1 Biceps=Two heads of origin
13.1.2 Femoris=Femur
13.2 Origin
13.2.1 Long head
13.2.1.1 Ischial tuberosity
13.2.1.2 Sacrotuberous ligament
13.2.2 Short head
13.2.2.1 Lateral lip of linea aspera
13.2.2.2 Lateral supracondylar line of femur
13.2.2.3 Lateral intermuscular septum
13.3 Insertion
13.3.1 Lateral side of the head of the fibula
13.3.2 Lateral condyle of the tibia
13.3.3 Deep fascia on the lateral side of the leg
13.4 Joints
13.4.1 Knee
13.4.2 Hip
13.5 Action
13.5.1 Flexion (Knee)
13.5.2 Lateral rotation (Knee)
13.5.3 Extension (Hip)
13.5.4 Adduction (Hip)
13.5.5 Lateral Rotation (Hip)
13.5.6 Note
13.5.6.1 When the hip is extended the long head of the biceps Femoris is placed at a mechanical disadvantage in knee extension. The short head of the biceps Femoris then becomes the primary knee flexor.
13.5.7 Reversed origin-insertion action
13.5.7.1 The long head gives posterior stability to the pelvis and extends the pelvis on the hip.
13.6 Nerve Supply
13.6.1 LONG HEAD
13.6.1.1 Nerve
13.6.1.1.1
Sciatic (Tibial
Portion)
13.6.1.2 Roots
13.6.1.2.1
L5
13.6.1.2.2
S1
13.6.1.2.3 S2
13.6.2 Short head
13.6.2.1 Nerve
13.6.2.1.1 Sciatic (Common peroneal portion)
13.6.2.2 Roots
13.6.2.2.1 L5
13.6.2.2.2 S1
13.6.2.2.3 S2
13.7 Synergists
13.7.1 Semimembranosus
13.7.2 Semitendinosus
13.7.3 Gracilis
13.7.4 Sartorius
13.7.5 Gastrocnemius
13.8 Category
13.8.1 Leg Posterior Flexor Compartment (LPF)
13.9 View (When Illustrated Individually)
13.9.1 Posterior
14 BRACHIALIS
14.1 Word Derivation
14.1.1 Brachion=Arm
14.2 Origin
14.2.1 Lower 1/2 of the anterior surface of the humerus
14.3 Insertion
14.3.1 Tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna
14.4 Joints
14.4.1 Elbow
14.5 Action
14.5.1 Flexion
14.6 Nerve Supply
14.6.1 Nerve
14.6.1.1 Musculocutaneous
14.6.1.2 Radial
14.6.2 Roots
14.6.2.1 C5 (Musculocutaneous)
14.6.2.2 C6 (Musculocutaneous)
14.6.2.3 C7 (Radial)
14.7 Synergists
14.7.1 Brachioradialis
14.7.2 Biceps brachii
14.8 Category
14.8.1 Forearm Flexors (FAF)
15 BRACHIORADIALIS
15.1 Word Derivation
15.1.1 Brachion=Arm
15.1.2 Radialis=Radius
15.2 Origin
15.2.1 Proximal 2/3 of the lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus and lateral intermuscular septum
15.3 Insertion
15.3.1 Lateral side of base of styloid process of the radius
15.4 Joints
15.4.1 Elbow
15.4.2 Radioulnar (RU) Distal
15.5 Action
15.5.1 Flexion
15.5.2 Pronation (To midposition when joint is supinated) (RU) Distal
15.5.3 Supination (To midposition when joint is Pronated) (RU) Distal
15.6 Nerve Supply
15.6.1 Nerve
15.6.1.1 Radial
15.6.2 Roots
15.6.2.1 C5
15.6.2.2 C6
15.6.2.3 C7
15.7 Synergists
15.7.1 Brachialis
15.7.2 Biceps brachii
15.8 Category
15.8.1 Forearm Flexors (FAF)
16 BUCCINATOR
16.1 Word Derivation
16.1.1 Bucc=Cheek
16.2 Origin
16.2.1 Upper attachment
16.2.1.1 External surfaces of the alveolar process of the three molar teeth on the maxilla, crossing the maxillary tuberosity to the pterygold hamulus
16.2.2 Middle attachment
16.2.2.1 Anterior border of the pterygomandibular raphe
16.2.3 Inferior attachment
16.2.3.1 External surfaces of the alveolar processes of the three molar teeth on the mandible, crossing the junction of the ramus and body to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line
16.3 Insertion
16.3.1 Upper fibers
16.3.1.1 Blend with upper fibers of orbicularis oris.
16.3.2 Middle fibers
16.3.2.1 Decussate (cross) so that lower and upper ones continue into upper and lower parts of the orbicularis oris
16.3.3 Lower fibers
16.3.3.1 Blend with lower fibers of orbicularis oris
16.4 Action
16.4.1 Compresses the cheeks against the teeth
16.4.2 Draws angle of the mouth laterally.
16.5 Nerve Supply
16.5.1 Inferior buccal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
16.6 Arterial supply
16.6.1 Buccal (Maxillary)
16.6.2 Facial
16.6.3 Transverse facial
16.7 Synergists
16.7.1 Risorius
16.8 Antagonists
16.8.1 Orbicularis oris
16.9 Category
16.9.1 Facial Expression (FE)
17 BULBOCAVERNOSUS (BULBOSPONGIOSUS)
17.1 Word Derivation
17.1.1 Bulbus=Bulb
17.1.2 Caverna=Hollow
17.2 Origin
17.2.1 Central tendon of perineum
17.3 Insertion
17.3.1 Inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm
17.3.2 Corpus spongiosum of penis
17.3.3 Deep fascia on dorsum of penis in male
17.3.4 Pubic arch and root and dorsum of clitoris in female
17.4 Action
17.4.1 Helps expel last drops of urine during micturition
17.4.2 Propel semen along urethra
17.4.3 Assist in erection of the penis in male
17.4.4 Decreases vaginal orifice and assists in erection of clitoris in female
17.5 Nerve Supply
17.5.1 Perineal branch of pudendal nerve
17.6 Synergists
17.6.1
17.7 Category
17.7.1 Perineum (PRN)
18 CILIARY MUSCLE
18.1 Origin
18.1.1 Scleral spur
18.2 Insertion
18.2.1 Stroma of the choroid
18.3 Action
18.3.1 Modify the shape of the lens to adjust for near (lens thickening) or distant Vision (lens thinning)
18.4 Nerve Supply
18.4.1 Near vision
18.4.1.1 Parasympathetic fibers through the Oculomotor nerve (III), from Edinger-Westphal nucleus
18.4.2 Distant vision
18.4.2.1 Sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion passing into the eye as the long ciliary nerves
18.5 Arterial supply
18.5.1 Long posterior and anterior ciliary rami from the ophthalmic and lacrimal branches of the internal carotid artery
18.6 Synergists
18.6.1 None
18.7 Antagonists
18.7.1 Parasympathetic and Sympathetic fibers produce antagonistic effects
18.7.2 Parasympathetic fibers
18.7.2.1 Contract the ciliary muscle thereby relaxing the zonal fibers which suspend the lens at its periphery
18.7.2.2 The relaxed lens thickens
18.7.3 Sympathetic fibers
18.7.3.1 Act upon arteries in ciliary body
18.7.3.2 Vasomotor activity increases tension in lens zonal fibers and produces a thinning of the lens
18.8 Category
18.8.1 Eye Ball (EB)
18.9 View
18.9.1 (Note: Lower two s are enlarged horizontal sections.)
19 COCCYGEUS (ISCHIOCOCCYGEUS)
19.1 Word Derivation
19.1.1 Coccygeus=Coccyx
19.2 Origin
19.2.1 Ischial Spine
19.3 Insertion
19.3.1 Lower Sacrum
19.3.2 Upper Coccyx
19.4 Action
19.4.1 Supports and slightly raises pelvic floor
19.4.2 Resists intraabdominal pressure
19.4.3 Pulls coccyx forward following defecation or parturition
19.5 Nerve Supply
19.5.1 Nerve
19.5.1.1 Sacral
19.5.2 Roots
19.5.2.1 S3
19.5.2.2 S4
19.6 Synergists
19.6.1
19.7 Category
19.7.1 Pelvic Floor (PF)
20 CORACOBRACHIALIS
20.1 Word Derivation
20.1.1 Coraco=Coracoid process
20.2 Origin
20.2.1 Tip of coracoid process of scapula
20.3 Insertion
20.3.1 Middle of medial border of humerus, opposite deltoid tuberosity
20.4 Joints
20.4.1 Glenohumeral
20.5 Action
20.5.1 Horizontal flexion
20.5.2 Adduction
20.6 Nerve Supply
20.6.1 Nerve
20.6.1.1 Musculocutaneous
20.6.2
Roots
20.6.2.1 C5
20.6.2.2 C6
20.6.2.3 C7
20.7 Synergists
20.7.1 Pectoralis major
20.7.2 Biceps brachii
20.7.3 Anterior deltoid
20.8 Category
20.8.1 Arm Scapular (AS)
21 CORRUGATOR SUPERCILII
21.1 Word Derivation
21.1.1 Corrugo=Wrinkle
21.1.2 Supercilium=Eyebrow
21.2 Origin
21.2.1 Medial end of the superciliary arch of the frontal bone
21.3 Insertion
21.3.1 Deep surface of the skin above the midpart of the orbital arch
21.4 Action
21.4.1 : Draws eyebrows medially and down (Frowning muscle)
21.5 Nerve Supply
21.5.1 Temporal branches of the facial nerve (VII)
21.6 Artery supply
21.6.1 Supratrochlear (Branch of ophthalmic)
21.6.2 Supraorbital (Branch of ophthalmic)
21.7 Synergists
21.7.1 Orbicularis oculi
21.7.2 Procerus
21.8 Antagonist
21.8.1 Frontalis
21.9 Category
21.9.1 Facial Expression (FE)
22 CRICOARYTENOID LATERAL & POSTERIOR
22.1 Origin
22.1.1 Cricoarytenoid Lateral
22.1.1.1 Upper border of arch of cricoid cartilage
22.1.2 Cricoarytenoid Posterior
22.1.2.1 Posterior surface of lamina of cricoid cartilage
22.2 Insertion
22.2.1 Cricoarytenoid Lateral
22.2.1.1 Muscular process of arytenoids cartilage
22.2.2 Cricoarytenoid Posterior
22.2.2.1 Muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
22.3 Action
22.3.1 Cricoarytenoid Lateral
22.3.1.1 Adducts and medially rotates arytenoid cartilage assisting in closing glottis
22.3.2 Cricoarytenoid Posterior
22.3.2.1 Abducts arytenoid cartilage widening glottis
22.4 Nerve Supply
22.4.1 Vagus (X)
22.4.2 Accessory (XI)
22.5 Synergists
22.5.1
22.6 Category
22.6.1 Larynx Extrinsic (LXE)
23 CRICOPHARYNGEUS
23.1 Origin
23.1.1 Arch of cricoid cartilage
23.2 Insertion
23.2.1 Arch of cricoid cartilage
23.3 Action
23.3.1 Acts as sphincter to prevent air entering esophagus
23.3.2 Relaxes during swallowing
23.4 Nerve Supply
23.4.1 Nerve Plexus
23.4.1.1 Pharyngeal plexus
23.4.2 Roots
23.4.2.1 CN (IX)
23.4.2.2 CN (X)
23.4.2.3 CN (XI)
23.5 Synergists
23.5.1
23.6 Category
23.6.1 Pharynx longitudinal layer (PXL)
24 CRICOTHYROID
24.1 Word Derivation
24.1.1 Crico=Cricoid cartilage of larynx
24.1.2 Thyro=Thyroid gland
24.2 Origin
24.2.1 Anterolateral, external aspect of the cricoid cartilage
24.3 Insertion
24.3.1 Inferior part
24.3.1.1 Anterior border of the inferior cornu of thyroid
24.3.2 Superior Part
24.3.2.1 Posterior part of the lower border of the thyroid lamina
24.4 Action
24.4.1 Elevation of cricoid arch and tilting, back its lamina
24.4.2 Closes anterior interval between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, thereby, tightening the vocal cords
24.5 Nerve Supply
24.5.1 External branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve (X)
24.6 Arterial supply
24.6.1 Cricothyroid branch and rami of the superior thyroid artery
24.6.2 Rami from the inferior thyroid artery
24.7 Synergists
24.7.1 Posterior Arytenoids
24.8 Antagonists
24.8.1 Vocalis
24.8.2 Thyroarytenoid
24.9 Category
24.9.1 Larynx Intrinsic (LXI)
25 DELTOID ANTERIOR
25.1 Word Derivation
25.1.1 Delta=Triangular
25.1.2 Supercilium=Eyebrow
25.2 Origin
25.2.1 Anterosuperior border of the lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
25.3 Insertion
25.3.1 Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus on the anterolateral surface just above is midshaft
25.4 Joints
25.4.1 Glenohumeral
25.5 Action
25.5.1 Abduction
25.5.2 Horizontal flexion
25.5.3 Medial rotation
25.6 Nerve Supply
25.6.1 Nerve
25.6.1.1 Axillary
25.6.2 Roots
25.6.2.1 C5
25.6.2.2 C6
25.7 Synergists
25.7.1 Middle Deltoid
25.7.2 Posterior Deltoid
25.7.3 Supraspinatus
25.7.4 Pectoralis Major Clavicular
25.8 Category
25.8.1 Arm Scapular (AS)
26 DELTOID MIDDLE
26.1 Origin
26.1.1 Superior surface of the acromion process
26.2 Insertion
26.2.1 Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
26.3 Joints
26.3.1 Glenohumeral
26.4 Action
26.4.1 Abduction
26.5 Nerve Supply
26.5.1 Nerve
26.5.1.1 Axillary
26.5.2 Roots
26.5.2.1 C5
26.5.2.2 C6
26.6 Synergists
26.6.1 Anterior Deltoid
26.6.2 Posterior Deltoid
26.6.3 Supraspinatus
26.7 Category
26.7.1 Arm Scapular (AS)
27 DELTOID POSTERIOR
27.1 Origin
27.1.1 Inferior margin of spine of scapula
27.2 Insertion
27.2.1 Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
27.3 Joints
27.3.1 Glenohumeral
27.4 Action
27.4.1 Abduction
27.4.2 Horizontal Extension
27.4.3 Lateral Rotation
27.5 Nerve Supply
27.5.1 Nerve
27.5.1.1 Axillary
27.5.2 Roots
27.5.2.1 C5
27.5.2.2 C6
27.6 Synergists
27.6.1 Anterior Deltoid
27.6.2 Middle Deltoid
27.6.3 Supraspinatus
27.7 Category
27.7.1 Arm Scapular (AS)